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Huang Y, Hu Z, Dong J, Li L, Zhang J, Kuang R, Gao S, Sun M, Liao M. Chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 Tembusu virus exhibits higher infectivity than duck-origin Cluster 2 Tembusu virus in chicks. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1152802. [PMID: 37035806 PMCID: PMC10080150 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1152802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, a chicken-origin Cluster 3 Tembusu virus (TMUV) caused outbreaks of a disease characterized by egg-drop syndrome in laying hens in China. In the present study, a TMUV strain, TMUV-GX, was isolated from tissue samples of laying hens with egg drop syndrome in south China. Phylogenetic analysis grouped TMUV-GX into TMUV Cluster 3.2, which was distinct from the prevalent TMUV Cluster 2 in duck flocks. To study the infectivity and pathogenicity of TMUV-GX in chickens and ducks, 7 day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks and SPF ducklings were infected with the same dose of the TMUV-GX. As a comparison, the duck-origin Cluster 2 strain, TMUV-JM, infection groups were set up in chicks and ducklings. Compared with the low infectivity and pathogenicity of TMUV-JM in chicks, the chicken-origin TMUV-GX displayed high replication competence in multiple tissues and caused tissues histopathological damage. In addition, the replication competence of TMUV-GX in ducklings was comparable to that of TMUV-JM. Our study revealed chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 TMUV exhibits high infectivity in chicks and ducklings, and suggested that chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 TMUV possesses a biological basis for widespread infection of chickens and ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Huang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihuan Kuang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- *Correspondence: Shimin Gao
| | - Minhua Sun
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Minhua Sun
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Ming Liao
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Zhao J, Zhang T, Chen G, Geng N, Guo Z, Cao S, Yang Y, Liu K, Wang S, Zhao Y, Meng F, Liu S, Jiang M, Li N. Non-Structural Protein 3 of Duck Tembusu Virus Induces Autophagy via the ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:746890. [PMID: 35185869 PMCID: PMC8851233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.746890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite autophagy’s pivotal role in the replication of viruses such as duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), which has caused massive economic losses to the poultry industry in the world, the specific relationships between DTMUV and cellular autophagy remain largely unknown. In response, we investigated the interactions between autophagy and DTMUV, the effects of the structural and non-structural proteins of DTMUV on autophagy, and the autophagy-related signaling pathways induced by DTMUV. Among the results, DTMUV increased the autophagy flux in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) and BHK-21 cells, while autophagy facilitated viral replication. After we pharmacologically induced autophagy with rapamycin (RAPA), the replication of DTMUV increased by 15.23-fold compared with the control group of DEF cells. To identify which DTMUV protein primarily induced autophagy, all three structural proteins and seven non-structural proteins of DTMUV were transfected into cells, and the results showed that non-structural protein 3 (NS3) induced significant autophagy in DEF cells. By means of Western blot, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy, we confirmed that NS3 protein could significantly induce autophagy and autophagy flux. Furthermore, we showed that NS3 induced autophagy in DEF cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways using specific inhibitors and RNA interference assays. Finally, autophagy induced by NS3 promoted DTMUV replication. These results provide novel insight into the relationship between DTMUV and autophagy, broadening the current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of DTMUV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Taian City, China
| | - Guomin Chen
- Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ningwei Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Shengliang Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Yudong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Kuihao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Meijie Jiang
- Laboratory Medicine, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China.,Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
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