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Shariati F, Tandan N, Lavie CJ. Resistant hypertension. Curr Opin Cardiol 2024; 39:266-272. [PMID: 38456513 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Resistant hypertension (RH) is characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure despite the concurrent use of three antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic, at optimal doses. This clinical phenomenon poses a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide due to its association with increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS Ongoing studies on device-based treatment of RH, with aim to reduce sympathetic nervous system outflow, have shown promising evidence in management of RH which may in turn decrease the incidence of composite cardiovascular outcome faced by the affected population. SUMMARY This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of RH, and review some of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in management of RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Shariati
- Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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2
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Yaku H, Fudim M, Shah SJ. Role of splanchnic circulation in the pathogenesis of heart failure: State-of-the-art review. J Cardiol 2024; 83:330-337. [PMID: 38369183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of heart failure (HF), whether it presents itself during rest or periods of physical exertion, is the excessive elevation of intracardiac filling pressures at rest or with exercise. Many mechanisms contribute to the elevated intracardiac filling pressures, and notably, the concept of volume redistribution has gained attention as a cause of the elevated intracardiac filling pressures in patients with HF, particularly HF with preserved ejection fraction, who often present without symptoms at rest, with shortness of breath and fatigue appearing only during exertion. This phenomenon suggests cardiopulmonary system non-compliance and inappropriate volume distribution between the stressed and unstressed blood volume components. A substantial proportion of the intravascular blood volume is in the splanchnic vascular compartment in the abdomen. Preclinical and clinical investigations support the critical role of the sympathetic nervous system in modulating the capacitance and compliance of the splanchnic vascular bed via modulation of the greater splanchnic nerve (GSN). The GSN activation by stressors such as exercise causes excessive splanchnic vasoconstriction, which may contribute to the decompensation of chronic HF via volume redistribution from the splanchnic vascular bed to the central compartment. Accordingly, for example, GSN ablation for volume management has been proposed as a potential therapeutic intervention to increase unstressed blood volume. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the role of splanchnic circulation in the pathogenesis of HF and potential novel treatment options for redistributing blood volume to improve symptoms and prognosis in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Yaku
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Marat Fudim
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Arya AV, Bisht H, Tripathi A, Agrawal M, Konat A, Patel J, Mozumder K, Shah D, Chaturvedi D, Sharma K. A Comparative Review of Vagal Nerve Stimulation Versus Baroreceptor Activation Therapy in Cardiac Diseases. Cureus 2023; 15:e40889. [PMID: 37492836 PMCID: PMC10364457 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic imbalance coupled with impairment of baroreceptor control is a key factor responsible for hemodynamic abnormalities in congestive heart failure. Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) and baroreceptor activation therapy (BAT) are two novel interventions for the same. In this paper, we review the role of sympathovagal alterations in cardiac diseases like heart failure, arrhythmia, hypertension (HTN), etc. Studies like neural cardiac therapy for heart failure (NECTAR-HF), autonomic regulation therapy to enhance myocardial function and reduce progression of heart failure (ANTHEM-HF), and baroreflex activation therapy for heart failure (BEAT-HF), which comprise the history, efficacy, limitations, and current protocols, were extensively analyzed in contrast to one another. Vagal nerve stimulation reverses the reflex inhibition of cardiac vagal efferent activity, which is caused as a result of sympathetic overdrive during the course for heart failure. It has shown encouraging results in certain pre-clinical studies; however, there is also a possibility of serious cardiovascular adverse events if given in higher than the recommended dosage. Attenuated baroreflex sensitivity is attributed to cardiac arrhythmogenesis during heart failure. Baroreceptor activation therapy reverses this phenomenon. However, the surgical procedure for baroreceptor stimulation can have unwarranted complications, including worsening heart failure and hypertension. Considering the effectiveness of the given modalities and taking into account the inconclusive evidence of their adverse events, more clinical trials are needed for establishing the future prospects of these interventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat V Arya
- Internal Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Himanshi Bisht
- Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | - Manali Agrawal
- Internal Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Ashwati Konat
- Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Jay Patel
- Internal Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Kamalika Mozumder
- Internal Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Dhrumil Shah
- Internal Medicine, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society Medical College, Gandhinagar, IND
| | | | - Kamal Sharma
- Cardiology, Kamal Sharma Cardiology Clinic, Ahmedabad, IND
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4
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Chang YC, Ahmed U, Jayaprakash N, Mughrabi I, Lin Q, Wu YC, Gerber M, Abbas A, Daytz A, Gabalski AH, Ashville J, Dokos S, Rieth L, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Tracey KJ, Guo T, Al-Abed Y, Zanos S. kHz-frequency electrical stimulation selectively activates small, unmyelinated vagus afferents. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1389-1404. [PMID: 36241025 PMCID: PMC10164362 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagal reflexes regulate homeostasis in visceral organs and systems through afferent and efferent neurons and nerve fibers. Small, unmyelinated, C-type afferents comprise over 80% of fibers in the vagus and form the sensory arc of autonomic reflexes of the gut, lungs, heart and vessels and the immune system. Selective bioelectronic activation of C-afferents could be used to mechanistically study and treat diseases of peripheral organs in which vagal reflexes are involved, but it has not been achieved. METHODS We stimulated the vagus in rats and mice using trains of kHz-frequency stimuli. Stimulation effects were assessed using neuronal c-Fos expression, physiological and nerve fiber responses, optogenetic and computational methods. RESULTS Intermittent kHz stimulation for 30 min activates specific motor and, preferentially, sensory vagus neurons in the brainstem. At sufficiently high frequencies (>5 kHz) and at intensities within a specific range (7-10 times activation threshold, T, in rats; 15-25 × T in mice), C-afferents are activated, whereas larger, A- and B-fibers, are blocked. This was determined by measuring fiber-specific acute physiological responses to kHz stimulus trains, and by assessing fiber excitability around kHz stimulus trains through compound action potentials evoked by probing pulses. Aspects of selective activation of C-afferents are explained in computational models of nerve fibers by how fiber size and myelin shape the response of sodium channels to kHz-frequency stimuli. CONCLUSION kHz stimulation is a neuromodulation strategy to robustly and selectively activate vagal C-afferents implicated in physiological homeostasis and disease, over larger vagal fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chuan Chang
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Naveen Jayaprakash
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Ibrahim Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Qihang Lin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Michael Gerber
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Adam Abbas
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Anna Daytz
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Arielle H Gabalski
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Jason Ashville
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Socrates Dokos
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Loren Rieth
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
| | - Timir Datta-Chaudhuri
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Tianruo Guo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.
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Nottebohm PI, Dumitrescu D, Hamacher S, Hohmann C, Madershahian N, Baldus S, Reuter H, Halbach M. Cardiopulmonary function during exercise in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction following baroreflex activation therapy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 16:17539447221131203. [PMID: 36305639 PMCID: PMC9619265 DOI: 10.1177/17539447221131203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Baroreflex activation therapy has favorable effects in heart failure patients. We report the results of a single-center study of baroreflex activation therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction including cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the first time to show the effect on exercise capacity. METHODS A total of 17 patients were treated with baroreflex activation therapy. Eligibility criteria were the New York Heart Association class ⩾III and ejection fraction ⩽35% on guideline-directed medical and device therapy. The New York Heart Association class, quality of life, and 6-min hall walk distance were assessed in all patients. Twelve patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and 8.9 ± 6.4 months after initiation of baroreflex activation therapy. RESULTS The New York Heart Association class and 6-min hall walk distance improved after baroreflex activation therapy, while quality of life remained stable. Weight-adapted peak oxygen uptake increased significantly from 10.1 (8.2-12.9) ml/min/kg to 12.1 (10.4-14.6) ml/min/kg (p = 0.041). Maximal heart rate was stable. Maximal oxygen pulse increased from 9.7 (5.5-11.3) to 9.9 (7.1-12.1) ml/heartbeat (p = 0.047) in 10 patients with low maximal oxygen pulse at baseline (<16.5 ml/heartbeat). There was no significant change in maximal oxygen pulse in the whole cohort. Ventilatory efficiency remained stable. CONCLUSION Weight-adapted peak oxygen uptake improved after baroreflex activation therapy, pointing to an enhanced exercise capacity. Ventilatory efficiency and heart rate did not change, while oxygen pulse increased in patients with low oxygen pulse at baseline, indicating an improvement in circulatory efficiency, that is, a beneficial effect on stroke volume and peripheral oxygen extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia I. Nottebohm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cologne University Hospital – Heart Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Dumitrescu
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hamacher
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Christopher Hohmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cologne University Hospital – Heart Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Navid Madershahian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cologne University Hospital – Heart Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cologne University Hospital – Heart Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannes Reuter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cologne University Hospital – Heart Center, Cologne, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin – Kardiologie, Evangelisches Klinikum Köln Weyertal, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Mastoris I, Spall HGCV, Sheldon SH, Pimentel RC, Steinkamp L, Shah Z, Al-Khatib SM, Singh JP, Sauer AJ. Emerging Implantable Device Technology for Patients at the Intersection of Electrophysiology and Heart Failure Interdisciplinary Care. J Card Fail 2021; 28:991-1015. [PMID: 34774748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), including implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), are part of guideline- indicated treatment for a subset of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Current technological advancements in CIEDs have allowed the detection of specific patient physiologic parameters used for forecasting clinical decompensation through algorithmic, multiparameter remote monitoring. Other recent emerging technologies, including cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) and baroreflex activation therapy (BAT), may provide symptomatic or physiologic benefit in patients without an indication for CRT. Our goal in this state-of-the-art review is to describe the commercially available new technologies, purported mechanisms of action, evidence surrounding their clinical role, limitations, and future directions. Finally, we underline the need for standardized workflow and close interdisciplinary management of this population to ensure the delivery of high-quality care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mastoris
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Harriette G C Van Spall
- Department of Medicine, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seth H Sheldon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Rhea C Pimentel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Leslie Steinkamp
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Zubair Shah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sana M Al-Khatib
- Division of Cardiology and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jagmeet P Singh
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J Sauer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas.
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7
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Fudim M, Abraham WT, von Bardeleben RS, Lindenfeld J, Ponikowski PP, Salah HM, Khan MS, Sievert H, Stone GW, Anker SD, Butler J. Device Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:931-956. [PMID: 34446165 PMCID: PMC9941752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory landscape for device-based heart failure (HF) therapies has seen a major shift in the last 7 years. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration released guidance for early feasibility and first-in-human studies, thereby encouraging device innovation, and in 2016 the U.S. Congress authorized the Breakthrough Devices Program to expedite access for Americans to innovative devices indicated for diagnosis and treatment of serious illnesses, such as HF. Since December 2016, there has been an increase in the number of HF devices for which manufacturers are seeking approval through the breakthrough designation pathway. This has led to a rapid uptake in the development and evaluation of device-based HF therapies. This article reviews the current and future landscape of device therapies for chronic HF and associated comorbidities and the regulatory environment that is driving current and future innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat Fudim
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - William T. Abraham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben
- Medizinische Klinik - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Piotr P. Ponikowski
- Centre for Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland,Department of Heart Diseases, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Husam M. Salah
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Horst Sievert
- CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Gregg W. Stone
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK); and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
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8
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Jorbenadze A, Fudim M, Mahfoud F, Adamson PB, Bekfani T, Wachter R, Sievert H, Ponikowski PP, Cleland JGF, Anker SD. Extra-cardiac targets in the management of cardiometabolic disease: Device-based therapies. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3327-3338. [PMID: 34002946 PMCID: PMC8318435 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) does not occur in a vacuum and is commonly defined and exacerbated by its co‐morbid conditions. Neurohormonal imbalance and systemic inflammation are some of the key pathomechanisms of HF but also commonly encountered co‐morbidities such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cachexia, obesity and sleep‐disordered breathing. A cornerstone of HF management is neurohormonal blockade, which in HF with reduced ejection fraction has been tied to a reduction in morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological treatment effective in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction did not show substantial effects in HF with preserved ejection fraction. Here, we review novel device‐based therapies using neuromodulation of extra‐cardiac targets to treat cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marat Fudim
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Tarek Bekfani
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism - Heart Failure, Cachexia & Sarcopenia, Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Das BB, Moskowitz WB, Butler J. Current and Future Drug and Device Therapies for Pediatric Heart Failure Patients: Potential Lessons from Adult Trials. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050322. [PMID: 33922085 PMCID: PMC8143500 DOI: 10.3390/children8050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the potential drug and device therapies for pediatric heart failure (HF) due to reduced systolic function. It is important to realize that most drugs that are used in pediatric HF are extrapolated from adult cardiology practices or consensus guidelines based on expert opinion rather than on evidence from controlled clinical trials. It is difficult to conclude whether the drugs that are well established in adult HF trials are also beneficial for children because of tremendous heterogeneity in the mechanism of HF in children and variations in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs from birth to adolescence. The lessons learned from adult trials can guide pediatric cardiologists to design clinical trials of the newer drugs that are in the pipeline to study their efficacy and safety in children with HF. This paper's focus is that the reader should specifically think through the pathophysiological mechanism of HF and the mode of action of drugs for the selection of appropriate pharmacotherapy. We review the drug and device trials in adults with HF to highlight the knowledge gap that exists in the pediatric HF population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti B. Das
- Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Mississippi Children’s Hospital, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39212, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +601-984-5250; Fax: +601-984-5283
| | - William B. Moskowitz
- Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Mississippi Children’s Hospital, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39212, USA;
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39212, USA;
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10
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Bisognano J, Schneider JE, Davies S, Ohsfeldt RL, Galle E, Stojanovic I, Deering TF, Lindenfeld J, Zile MR. Cost-impact analysis of baroreflex activation therapy in chronic heart failure patients in the United States. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:155. [PMID: 33771104 PMCID: PMC7995802 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study evaluated the cost of baroreflex activation therapy plus guideline directed therapy (BAT + GDT) compared to GDT alone for HF patients with reduced ejection fraction and New York Heart Association Class III or II (with a recent history of III). Baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) is delivered by an implantable device that stimulates the baroreceptors through an electrode attached to the outside of the carotid artery, which rebalances the autonomic nervous system to regain cardiovascular (CV) homeostasis. The BeAT-HF trial evaluated the safety and effectiveness of BAT. Methods A cost impact model was developed from a U.S. health care payer or integrated delivery network perspective over a 3-year period for BAT + GDT versus GDT alone. Expected costs were calculated by utilizing 6-month data from the BeAT-HF trial and existing literature. HF hospitalization rates were extrapolated based on improvement in NT-proBNP. Results At baseline the expected cost of BAT + GDT were $29,526 per patient more than GDT alone due to BAT device and implantation costs. After 3 years, the predicted cost per patient was $9521 less expensive for BAT + GDT versus GDT alone due to lower rates of significant HF hospitalizations, CV non-HF hospitalizations, and resource intensive late-stage procedures (LVADs and heart transplants) among the BAT + GDT group. Conclusions BAT + GDT treatment becomes less costly than GDT alone beginning between years 1 and 2 and becomes less costly cumulatively between years 2 and 3, potentially providing significant savings over time. As additional BeAT-HF trial data become available, the model can be updated to show longer term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bisognano
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael R Zile
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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11
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Robles-Mezcua A, Villaescusa-Catalán JM, Melero-Tejedor JM, García-Pinilla JM. A new approach to the treatment of advanced heart failure: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021; 5:ytaa541. [PMID: 33738406 PMCID: PMC7954250 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic predominance and decreased parasympathetic transmission is a classic feature of heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, leading to disease progression, exercise intolerance, ventricular remodelling, arrhythmias, and premature death. The underlying mechanisms to these processes are not yet fully understood, but the current treatments influence this dysregulation, towards an inhibition of sympathetic hyperactivation. New therapies, such as the stimulation of carotid baroreceptors, enhance this inhibition to restore autonomic balance and to be able to cope with these mechanisms. Case summary We report the case of a 76-year-old male with advanced HF at an advanced stage, refractory to optimal treatment, and included in a programme of ambulatory infusions of Levosimendan as compassionate treatment. The patient presented with multiple episodes of decompensated HF secondary to ventricular arrhythmias. A multidisciplinary team decided to implant a baroreceptor stimulator device (Barostim Neo) in order to improve HF symptoms and quality of life, as well as trying to decrease the burden of arrhythmias. The procedure was performed with no complications and good therapeutic response, resulting in a significant reduction of arrhythmias. Discussion Treatment with a baroreceptor stimulating device is presented as a safe and effective option in our patients with advanced HF refractory to conventional treatment, to improve their quality of life and reduce symptoms; in addition to appearing as a promising option in those with arrhythmic events, which are difficult to control with usual treatments and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Robles-Mezcua
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), CIBER CV, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Villaescusa-Catalán
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), CIBER CV, Málaga, Spain
| | - José María Melero-Tejedor
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), CIBER CV, Málaga, Spain
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12
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Borovac JA, D'Amario D, Bozic J, Glavas D. Sympathetic nervous system activation and heart failure: Current state of evidence and the pathophysiology in the light of novel biomarkers. World J Cardiol 2020; 12:373-408. [PMID: 32879702 PMCID: PMC7439452 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the activation of at least several neurohumoral pathways that have a common role in maintaining cardiac output and adequate perfusion pressure of target organs and tissues. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is upregulated in HF as evident in dysfunctional baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, circulating and neuronal catecholamine spillover, attenuated parasympathetic response, and augmented sympathetic outflow to the heart, kidneys and skeletal muscles. When these sympathoexcitatory effects on the cardiovascular system are sustained chronically they initiate the vicious circle of HF progression and become associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, maladaptive ventricular and vascular remodeling, arrhythmogenesis, and poor prognosis in patients with HF. These detrimental effects of SNS activity on outcomes in HF warrant adequate diagnostic and treatment modalities. Therefore, this review summarizes basic physiological concepts about the interaction of SNS with the cardiovascular system and highlights key pathophysiological mechanisms of SNS derangement in HF. Finally, special emphasis in this review is placed on the integrative and up-to-date overview of diagnostic modalities such as SNS imaging methods and novel laboratory biomarkers that could aid in the assessment of the degree of SNS activation and provide reliable prognostic information among patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Anđelo Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Working Group on Heart Failure of Croatian Cardiac Society, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Universita Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Duska Glavas
- Working Group on Heart Failure of Croatian Cardiac Society, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
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13
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Dyrvig Kristensen AM, Pareek M, Olsen MH, Bhatt DL. Baroreflex Activation Therapy for Resistant Hypertension and Heart Failure. US CARDIOLOGY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.15420/usc.2019.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and heart failure are important contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Despite therapeutic lifestyle and pharmacological measures, a significant proportion of people with hypertension do not reach treatment targets. Patients with resistant or poorly controlled hypertension are at significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart failure. Since dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system appears to play a key role in the development and progression of both hypertension and heart failure, these patients may benefit from treatment modalities aimed at reducing sympathetic function. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of baroreflex activation therapy as a potential treatment strategy in patients with resistant hypertension or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manan Pareek
- Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark; Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Hecht Olsen
- Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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14
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Prasertsri P, Booranasuksakul U, Naravoratham K, Trongtosak P. Acute Effects of Passion Fruit Juice Supplementation on Cardiac Autonomic Function and Blood Glucose in Healthy Subjects. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:245-253. [PMID: 31608249 PMCID: PMC6779082 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid supplementation provides beneficial effects on enhancing cardiac autonomic function in patients with heart failure. Ascorbic acid also reduces blood sugar levels and enhances insulin activity, and encourages cardiac autonomic function. Passion fruit is rich in ascorbic acid and potential antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of passion fruit juice (PFJ) supplementation primarily on cardiac autonomic function and secondary on blood glucose in healthy subjects. A randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 14 healthy subjects aged 21.29±0.73 years. Subjects were supplemented with either 50% PFJ, or glucose and fructose solution as a placebo (PLA) at 3.5 mL/kg body mass with a 1-week washout between treatments in a single-dose design. Short-term heart rate variability and blood glucose levels were evaluated prior to supplementation (T0) and following supplementation for 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (T30, T60, T90, and T120, respectively). Indexes of cardiac autonomic function at T30, including high frequency power (P=0.03) and total power (P=0.01), were significantly higher and the ratio of low frequency/high frequency power was significantly lower (P=0.01) in the PFJ group compared to the PLA group. Blood glucose levels significantly increased at T30 in both PLA (P=0.00) and PFJ (P=0.00) groups. However, there were no significant differences between groups. A single administration of PFJ enhanced cardiac autonomic function through augmentation of parasympathetic activity, although it did not attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia. PFJ may be potentially recognized as beverage able to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapong Prasertsri
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Innovation Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Uraiporn Booranasuksakul
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Innovation Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Kanoknuch Naravoratham
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Innovation Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Petcharat Trongtosak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Innovation Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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15
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Xiao MX, Lu CH, Ta N, Jiang WW, Tang XJ, Wu HT. Application of a Speedy Modified Entropy Method in Assessing the Complexity of Baroreflex Sensitivity for Age-Controlled Healthy and Diabetic Subjects. ENTROPY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7515418 DOI: 10.3390/e21090894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The percussion entropy index (PEIorginal) was recently introduced to assess the complexity of baroreflex sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the ability of a speedy modified PEI (i.e., PEINEW) application to distinguish among age-controlled subjects with or without diabetes. This was carried out using simultaneous photo-plethysmo-graphy (PPG) pulse amplitude series and the R wave-to-R wave interval (RRI) series acquired from healthy subjects (Group 1, number = 42), subjects diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus type 2 with satisfactory blood sugar control (Group 2, number = 38), and type 2 diabetic patients with poor blood sugar control (Group 3, number = 35). Results from PEIorginal and multiscale cross-approximate entropy (MCAE) were also addressed with the same datasets for comparison. The results show that optimal prolongation between the amplitude series and RRI series could be delayed by one to three heartbeat cycles for Group 2, and one to four heartbeat cycles for Group 3 patients. Group 1 subjects only had prolongation for one heartbeat cycle. This study not only demonstrates the sensitivity of PEINEW and PEIorginal in differentiating between Groups 2 and 3 compared with MCAE, highlighting the feasibility of using percussion entropy applications in autonomic nervous function assessments, it also shows that PEINEW can considerably reduce the computational time required for such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xia Xiao
- School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No.193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; (M.-X.X.); (C.-H.L.); (W.-W.J.)
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 North Wenchang Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;
| | - Chang-Hua Lu
- School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No.193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; (M.-X.X.); (C.-H.L.); (W.-W.J.)
| | - Na Ta
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 North Wenchang Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;
| | - Wei-Wei Jiang
- School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No.193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; (M.-X.X.); (C.-H.L.); (W.-W.J.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Tang
- School of Science, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China;
| | - Hsien-Tsai Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Padula MS, D'Ambrosio GG, Tocci M, D'Amico R, Banchelli F, Angeli L, Scarpa M, Capelli O, Cricelli C, Boriani G. Home care for heart failure: can caregiver education prevent hospital admissions? A randomized trial in primary care. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:30-38. [PMID: 30394960 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a low-complexity, low-cost model of caregiver education in primary care, targeted to reduce hospitalizations of heart failure patients. METHODS A cluster-randomized, controlled, open trial was proposed to general practitioners, who were invited to identify patients with heart failure, exclusively managed at home and continuously attended by a caregiver. Participating general practitioners were then randomized to: usual treatment; caregiver education (educational session for recognizing early symptoms/signs of heart failure, with recording in a diary of a series of patient parameters, including body weight, blood pressure, heart rate). The patients were observed at baseline and during a 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Three hundred and thirteen patients were enrolled (163 in the intervention, 150 in the usual care group), 63% women, mean age 85.3 ± 7.7 years. At the end of the 12-month follow-up, a trend towards a lower incidence of hospitalizations was observed in the intervention group (hazard ratio 0.73; 95% CI 0.53-1.01 P = 0.061). Subgroup analysis showed that for patients with persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation, age less than 90 years or Barthel score equal to or greater than 50 a significant lower hospital admission rate occurred in the intervention group (hazard ratio 0.63; 95% CI 0.39-0.99; P = 0.048, hazard ratio 0.66; 95% CI 0.45-0.97; P = 0.036 and hazard ratio 0.61; 95% CI 0.41-0.89; P = 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSION Caregivers training for early recognition of symptoms/signs of worsening heart failure may be effective in reducing hospitalizations, although the benefit was evident only in specific patient subgroups (with persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation, age <90 years or Barthel score ≥ 50), with only a positive trend in the whole cohort. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03389841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Padula
- Family Medicine Teaching Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena.,Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence
| | | | - Marina Tocci
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Statistics Unit, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Statistics Unit, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena
| | - Letizia Angeli
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence
| | - Marina Scarpa
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence
| | - Oreste Capelli
- Clinical Governance Unit, Local Health Authority, Modena
| | - Claudio Cricelli
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
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17
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Jaén-Aguila F, Roa-Chamorro R, Ramos-Maqueda J, López-Espada C, Rodríguez-Macías MI, Mediavilla-García JD. [Baroreflex activation therapy: One more step in the treatment of resistant arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure]. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2019; 36:162-164. [PMID: 31006629 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients who suffer refractory arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure in advanced stages is currently increasing. The case is presented of a patient with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and with the dual indication of chronic heart failure and refractory arterial hypertension, who required the implanting of a baroreceptors activation therapy device of the carotid sinus. As far as it is known, it is the first case reported in Spain?
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jaén-Aguila
- Unidad de Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - R Roa-Chamorro
- Unidad de Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España.
| | - J Ramos-Maqueda
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - C López-Espada
- Servicio de Cirugía Vascular, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - M I Rodríguez-Macías
- Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - J D Mediavilla-García
- Unidad de Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
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18
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Wang J, Yu Q, Dai M, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Luo Q, Tan T, Zhou Y, Shu L, Bao M. Carotid baroreceptor stimulation improves cardiac performance and reverses ventricular remodelling in canines with pacing-induced heart failure. Life Sci 2019; 222:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Mann JA, Abraham WT. Cardiac Contractility Modulation and Baroreflex Activation Therapy in Heart Failure Patients. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2019; 16:38-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11897-019-0422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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