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Evidence for heterogeneity in response to treatment in mammary tumors of dogs as happens in humans. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:111-120. [PMID: 35570257 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are formed by various clones developed over a long time. This gives rise to a heterogeneous nature. This heterogeneity is the hardest challenge in the treatment of cancers because it is the main reason for drug resistance. This is a well-known fact in human cancer. Therefore, we have reasoned that if the tumor heterogeneity in canine mammary gland tumors (CMGTs) could be shown by an ex vivo assay, which will be used first time in veterinary oncology practice, this could be used further in clinics. To achieve this, twenty-six patients were included in the study. Tumor tissues were obtained from animals during routine surgery. Tumor cells were isolated and seeded ex vivo. The cells were exposed to anticancer drugs that are clinically used. Seven days after the treatment, chemosensitivity has luminometrically been assayed by ATP-tumor chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA). It has clearly been shown that all the tumor tissues have responded to treatment differently, implying that heterogeneity exists in mammary tumors. There has also been found that there was a weak to moderate statistically significant correlation between tumor size and drug index. However, there has been no correlation between drug index and metastasis to lymph nodes. Hyperplasic areas had relatively higher PCNA values. The results of our study demonstrate the heterogeneity in responses to in vitro drugs. Clinical trials based on test results and follow-up studies with large numbers of animals are needed to prove that such chemotherapeutic activity assessment tests can be clinically useful in predicting drug responses in CMGTs.
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Belda B, Ramos-Vara J, Messenger KM, Risselada M. Pharmacokinetic and safety assessment of carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads in eight rats. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1650-1661. [PMID: 34375028 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate local tissue toxicity and plasma platinum (Pt) in vivo after subcutaneous implantation of carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CI-CSH) beads. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experimental study. ANIMALS Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS CI-CSH beads were implanted subcutaneously (5 mg carboplatin/rat; 13.5 mg/kg carboplatin; 7.08 mg/kg Pt; 1.18 mg/m2 Pt) in eight rats (d0). Wound healing (daily), radiographic bead dissolution (weekly), systemic Pt uptake (plasma-Pt), local tissue Pt (d28), and histologic changes compared to nonincised and incised catheterization sites (d28) were assessed. Blood and tissue samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Pt, and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using noncompartmental methods. RESULTS One rat died at d10, the remainder survived until d28. No wound complications were seen. The CI-CSH implantation site had higher histopathology scores than the other sites for necrosis (p = .013) and fibrosis (p = .013). Beads decreased in density radiographically (d0 to d28) (p = .062). Peak plasma-Pt concentration was 225.78 ng/ml at 12 h, and decreased over time, but Pt was still detectable on d28. The elimination half-life was 5.03 ± 1.13 days. Only 1.69% of implanted Pt remained in the beads at d28. CONCLUSIONS CI-CSH beads incited microscopic mild inflammation but wound healing was not impaired. Pt was absorbed systemically and the release from the beads was near complete at d28. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Piled CI-CSH bead implantation is well tolerated in rats with similar elution profile as previously described. Beads were radiographically visible at d28. Minimal Pt was detected systemically suggesting Pt release does not match bead dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Belda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - José Ramos-Vara
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kristen M Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marije Risselada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Li R, Wu H, Sun Y, Zhu J, Tang J, Kuang Y, Li G. A Novel Canine Mammary Cancer Cell Line: Preliminary Identification and Utilization for Drug Screening Studies. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:665906. [PMID: 34124226 PMCID: PMC8191460 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.665906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine malignant mammary tumor is a dangerously fatal neoplastic disease with poor survival in female dogs. The aim of this study was to preliminary characterize a novel canine mammary cancer cell line, B-CMT, from canine primary mammary gland tumor, and to utilize it as a cell model for in vitro screening of possible therapeutic drugs. The successfully established cell line, B-CMT, was cultured over 50 passages. B-CMT has a fast proliferation rate, and a population doubling time (PDT) of 33.6 h. The B-CMT cell line lacked human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) expression by qRT-PCR. Compared with MDCK cells, CDH1 expression of CMT cell line was significantly decreased or even absent, but GATA3 expression dramatically increased, while TGF-β expression was at a similar level. Interestingly, the B-CMT cell line from canine primary tumor also showed positive hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) results in immunofluorescence (IF), western blot, and qRT-PCR analysis. Ten days post inoculation with EGFP-B-CMT (B-CMT cells stably expressing EGFP), the experimental mice developed palpable soft tissue masses which histologically resembled the canine primary tumor, and was approved to be derived from B-CMT cell line through detection of EGFP by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Moreover, we investigated the cytotoxicity of five drugs to B-CMT cells, and the results showed that rapamycin and imatinib significantly inhibited the proliferation of the cells in vitro within a certain range of concentration. They also induced cell cycle arrest of B-CMT cells at G1 and G2 phase, respectively. In summary, the results of this report showed that B-CMT cell line might serve as a tool for future studies on tumor microenvironment and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxian Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingru Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gebin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Traverson M, Stewart CE, Papich MG. Evaluation of bioabsorbable calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads for local delivery of carboplatin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241718. [PMID: 33151989 PMCID: PMC7644016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate a novel kit of resorbable calcium sulfate beads marketed specifically for use in veterinary medicine and generally used for local delivery of antimicrobials as carboplatin-delivery system. The study characterized the elution of carboplatin in vitro, and investigated whether the initial dose and formulation of carboplatin, or the bead size significantly influences carboplatin elution in vitro. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads of 3- and 5-mm diameter were prepared. Five doses and two formulations of carboplatin (20, 50, 100, and 500 mg carboplatin per kit in powder formulation; 20 mg in liquid formulation) were tested in triplicates for each diameter beads. Beads were placed in 37°C phosphate buffered saline for 72 hours. Carboplatin concentrations in the eluent were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at 11 time points with a modified United States Pharmacopeia assay. Concentrations of carboplatin in the eluent proportionally increased with the initial dose and peaked between 13 and 52 hours, ranging from 42.1% to 79.3% of the incorporated load. Higher peak concentrations, percentages released, and elution rates were observed with the liquid formulation and with higher carboplatin doses. There was no significant difference in maximum carboplatin concentrations between 3- and 5-mm diameter beads, but 5-mm diameter beads had slower elution rates. The novel kit can be used for preparation of carboplatin-impregnated resorbable calcium sulfate beads at variable doses, sizes and formulations. Further study is warranted to define the in vivo requirements and effective carboplatin dose, spatial diffusion and desired duration of elution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Traverson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Connor E. Stewart
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Papich
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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Khotimchenko M, Tiasto V, Kalitnik A, Begun M, Khotimchenko R, Leonteva E, Bryukhovetskiy I, Khotimchenko Y. Antitumor potential of carrageenans from marine red algae. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Worth DB, Risselada M, Cooper BR, Moore GE. Repeatability of in vitro carboplatin elution from carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads made in a clinic setting. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1609-1617. [PMID: 32870533 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the intra-lot and inter-lot consistency and total carboplatin elution over 25 days from carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate (C-I CSH) beads manufactured in a clinic setting. STUDY DESIGN In vitro elution study. METHODS Two volumes of carboplatin were mixed with CSH to yield 4 mg and 8 mg C-I CSH doses. Two lots of beads were made for each concentration and split into five doses (n = 10 per concentration). Beads hardened in molds and were placed in a covered six-well plate, submerged in phosphate-buffered saline, and incubated with samples collected at 12 time points (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours and 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, and 25 days). The amount of carboplatin in each sample was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Correction for carboplatin degradation and dilution was applied, and eluted carboplatin was calculated. Intra-lot and inter-lot coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for each concentration. RESULTS The intra-lot CV ranged between 7.9% and 23.1%, and the inter-lot CV ranged from 3.5% to 10.3%, with improvement noted in each successive lot of beads. Mean peak eluted carboplatin was 2.45 ± 0.43 mg (61%) and 3.68 ± 0.41 mg (45.9%) for the 4-mg and 8-mg C-I CSH beads, respectively, with both occurring at the 12-hour timepoint. CONCLUSION Progressive improvement in variability with successive lots of beads indicated a learning curve with bead manufacturing with a low variation both within and between lots of C-I CSH beads. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE On-site mixing of carboplatin with commercial CSH bead powder leads to a low variation of carboplatin per bead dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Worth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, Indiana
| | - Marije Risselada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, Indiana
| | | | - George E Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, Indiana
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Maxwell EA, Phillips H, Clark-Price SC, Vieson MD, Selmic LE, Schaeffer DJ, Fan TM. Pharmacokinetics of platinum and safety evaluation of carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads after implantation in healthy cats. Vet Surg 2020; 49:748-757. [PMID: 31944331 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of platinum (Pt) and safety of carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate (C-I CSH) beads after implantation in healthy cats. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experimental study. ANIMALS Six healthy adult cats. METHODS Three C-I CSH beads were implanted in muscle pockets over the right and left hemithoraces of each cat (~3.9 mg/kg of Pt; 60.4 mg/m2 of calculated carboplatin). Hematology and blood chemistry were tested at baseline and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days postimplantation. Serum was analyzed for Pt at specific times from 1 hour to 21 days. Tissue was obtained for histopathology and analysis of Pt at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days at standardized distances from implantation sites. RESULTS Platinum was detected in tissues at all times and distances (range, 0.1-4.19 μg/g). Serum Pt increased up to 2.6 hours (3.25 μg/mL) then decreased sharply. Samples containing muscle had higher Pt compared with samples without muscle (P = .004). Mild hypercalcemia was noted in four cats, and mild inflammatory reaction was noted on histopathology of all samples. CONCLUSION Platinum was released from C-I CSH beads differentially into surrounding tissues over 21 days. Systemic absorption of Pt was minimal, but mild hypercalcemia occurred. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Implantation was well tolerated by healthy adult cats. Securing beads within muscle may limit Pt diffusion to targeted tissue. Although Pt concentrations did not achieve levels reported to be cytotoxic for feline sarcoma cells in culture, results provide evidence to support evaluation of efficacy in the tumor microenvironment of cats with locally invasive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Maxwell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Heidi Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Stuart C Clark-Price
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Miranda D Vieson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
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Chen YC, Chang SC, Huang YH, Lee YJ, Chang CC, Liao JW, Hsu WL. Expression and the molecular forms of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:427-438. [PMID: 31050171 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a new biomarker for renal injury. It is also involved in tumorigenesis of different human cancer types. The oncogenic role of NGAL is related to its molecular forms, and heterodimer formation with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) promotes human breast cancer (HBC) invasion and metastasis. To date, the levels of NGAL and NGAL/MMP9 complex have not yet been explored in canine mammary tumours (CMTs). Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether NGAL and its molecular forms could be the biomarker for CMT diagnosis. To this end, expression profile of NGAL and MMP9 in mammary epithelial cells as well as in urine samples were detected. By immunohistochemistry staining, NGAL was expressed at variable levels. Unlike HBC, a significant reduction in NGAL expression was demonstrated in benign and malignant CMTs as compared with normal controls. Additionally, NGAL expression was significantly reduced in dogs with metastatic CMTs. By contrast, the mean score of MMP9 expression in ascending order was normal groups, benign, and malignant CMTs. Interestingly, analysis of the molecular form revealed the NGAL/MMP9 complex presents in most mammary tissues and urine of dogs with benign or malignant CMTs, whereas the complex was absent in samples from dogs without CMTs. In conclusion, NGAL and MMP9 are ubiquitously expressed in canine mammary epithelial cells in normal and cancerous status. However, the NGAL/MMP9 complex exclusively presents in mammary tissues and urine of dogs with tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jane Lee
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Disaccharides obtained from carrageenans as potential antitumor agents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6654. [PMID: 31040376 PMCID: PMC6491800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenans are sulfated galactans found in certain red seaweeds with proven biological activities. In this work, we have prepared purified native and degraded κ-, ι-; and λ-carrageenans, including the disaccharides (carrabioses) and disaccharide-alditols (carrabiitols) from seaweed extracts as potential antitumor compounds and identified the active principle of the cytotoxic and potential antitumor properties of these compounds. Both κ and ι-carrageenan, as well as carrageenan oligosaccharides showed cytotoxic effect over LM2 tumor cells. Characterized disaccharides (carrabioses) and the reduced product carrabiitols, were also tested. Only carrabioses were cytotoxic, and among them, κ-carrabiose was the most effective, showing high cytotoxic properties, killing the cells through an apoptotic pathway. In addition, the cells surviving treatment with κ-carrabiose, showed a decreased metastatic ability in vitro, together with a decreased cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, thus suggesting possible antitumor potential. Overall, our results indicate that most cytotoxic compounds derived from carrageenans have lower molecular weights and sulfate content. Potential applications of the results emerging from the present work include the use of disaccharide units such as carrabioses coupled to antineoplasics in order to improve its cytotoxicity and antimetastatic properties, and the use of ι-carrageenan as adjuvant or carrier in anticancer treatments.
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Phillips H, Maxwell EA, Schaeffer DJ, Fan TM. Simulation of spatial diffusion of platinum from carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads by use of an agarose gelatin tissue phantom. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:592-599. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.6.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ledet MM, Anderson R, Harman R, Muth A, Thompson PR, Coonrod SA, Van de Walle GR. BB-Cl-Amidine as a novel therapeutic for canine and feline mammary cancer via activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:412. [PMID: 29649984 PMCID: PMC5898062 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammary cancer is highly prevalent in dogs and cats and results in a poor prognosis due to critically lacking viable treatment options. Recent human and mouse studies have suggested that inhibiting peptidyl arginine deiminase enzymes (PAD) may be a novel breast cancer therapy. Based on the similarities between human breast cancer and mammary cancer in dogs and cats, we hypothesized that PAD inhibitors would also be an effective treatment for mammary cancer in these animals. Methods Canine and feline mammary cancer cell lines were treated with BB-Cl-Amidine (BB-CLA) and evaluated for viability and tumorigenicity. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was tested by western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Canine and feline mammary cancer xenograft models were created using NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice, and were treated with BB-CLA for two weeks. Results We found that BB-CLA reduced viability and tumorigenicity of canine and feline mammary cancer cell lines in vitro. Additionally, we demonstrated that BB-CLA activates the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in these cells by downregulating 78 kDa Glucose-regulated Protein (GRP78), a potential target in breast cancer for molecular therapy, and upregulating the downstream target gene DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 (DDIT3). Finally, we established a mouse xenograft model of both canine and feline mammary cancer in which we preliminarily tested the effects of BB-CLA in vivo. Conclusion We propose that our established mouse xenograft models will be useful for the study of mammary cancer in dogs and cats, and furthermore, that BB-CLA has potential as a novel therapeutic for mammary cancer in these species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4323-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Ledet
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robyn Anderson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Maxwell EA, Phillips H, Schaeffer DJ, Fan TM. In vitro chemosensitivity of feline injection site-associated sarcoma cell lines to carboplatin. Vet Surg 2017; 47:219-226. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Maxwell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine; Urbana Illinois
| | - Heidi Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine; Urbana Illinois
| | - David J. Schaeffer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine; Urbana Illinois
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine; Urbana Illinois
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Risselada M, Linder KE, Griffith E, Roberts BV, Davidson G, Zamboni WC, Messenger KM. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of subcutaneous administration of carboplatin in poloxamer 407 in a rodent model pilot study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186018. [PMID: 28982137 PMCID: PMC5642013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of subcutaneously delivered carboplatin in poloxamer 407 in rats. Carboplatin (5mg/rat) in 0.5ml poloxamer 407 (1.0 ml total volume) was administered subcutaneously in a right subcutaneous perineal incision in all 12 treatment rats. Three control rats received 1.0 ml of poloxamer 407. Total platinum was measured in plasma q24hrs from 0 to 168hrs. Protein-unbound platinum was measured in plasma at 168hrs. After sacrifice on day 7, total platinum was determined in wound bed muscle. Platinum concentrations in all samples were measured by ICP-MS. Wounds were visually assessed daily for 7 days. Perineal tissues (full wound bed including muscle, subcutis, skin) were assessed histologically and scored. Total platinum was detectable in plasma from 24 to 168 hrs. Total plasma platinum AUC and Cmax were 9,165.3 ng/mL•h and 129.4 ng/mL. Day 7 total platinum concentration in muscle was approximately 10-fold higher than total plasma platinum concentration. No unbound platinum was detected in plasma samples at 168 hours. No wound healing complications were detected at any time point, nor was tissue necrosis observed histologically. The results of this study suggest that subcutaneous carboplatin in poloxamer 407 can be used in vivo providing direct tissue exposure to carboplatin without significant local effects or systemic absorption and without wound healing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Risselada
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily Griffith
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brittney V. Roberts
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gigi Davidson
- CPS, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William C. Zamboni
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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Harting TP, Stubbendorff M, Hammer SC, Schadzek P, Ngezahayo A, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Dichloroacetate affects proliferation but not apoptosis in canine mammary cell lines. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178744. [PMID: 28591165 PMCID: PMC5462399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting mitochondrial energy metabolism is a novel approach in cancer research and can be traced back to the description of the Warburg effect. Dichloroacetate, a controversially discussed subject of many studies in cancer research, is a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor. Dichloroacetate causes metabolic changes in cancerous glycolysis towards oxidative phosphorylation via indirect activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mitochondria. Canine mammary cancer is frequently diagnosed but after therapy prognosis still remains poor. In this study, canine mammary carcinoma, adenoma and non-neoplastic mammary gland cell lines were treated using 10 mM Dichloroacetate. The effect on cell number, lactate release and PDH expression and cell respiration was investigated. Further, the effect on apoptosis and several apoptotic proteins, proliferation, and microRNA expression was evaluated. Dichloroacetate was found to reduce cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis in all examined cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana P. Harting
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Susanne C. Hammer
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrik Schadzek
- Institute of Biophysics, Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Tulipan RJ, Phillips H, Garrett LD, Dirikolu L, Mitchell MA. Characterization of long-term elution of platinum from carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads in vitro by two distinct sample collection methods. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:618-623. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.5.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Tulipan RJ, Phillips H, Garrett LD, Dirikolu L, Mitchell MA. Elution of platinum from carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads in vitro. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:1252-1257. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.11.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Harting T, Stubbendorff M, Willenbrock S, Wagner S, Schadzek P, Ngezahayo A, Escobar HM, Nolte I. The effect of dichloroacetate in canine prostate adenocarcinomas and transitional cell carcinomas in vitro. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2341-2350. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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Arenas C, Peña L, Granados-Soler JL, Pérez-Alenza MD. Adjuvant therapy for highly malignant canine mammary tumours: Cox-2 inhibitor versus chemotherapy: a case-control prospective study. Vet Rec 2016; 179:125. [PMID: 27377395 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) enzyme participates in different steps of the carcinogenetic process and in canine mammary tumours (CMTs), a high expression of Cox-2 is associated with malignancy and tumour angiogenesis. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of a Cox-2 inhibitor as adjuvant therapy in dogs with highly malignant (HM)-CMTs and compare it with that of dogs treated with chemotherapy and with control dogs. Twenty-eight dogs were prospectively included. After surgery, dogs were alternatively allocated into two treatment groups (chemotherapy with mitoxantrone n=8; Cox-2 inhibitor, firocoxib n=7). Control group (n=13) included dogs whose owners rejected adjuvant therapy. All dogs were followed up for two years or until death. The DFS was significantly higher in dogs that received adjuvant treatment (mitoxantrone or firocoxib) (P=0.030) than in control dogs. Dogs on firocoxib treatment had significantly higher DFS (P=0.015) and OS (P=0.048) than control dogs. The DFS and OS of dogs on mitoxantrone treatment were not statistically different from controls. In conclusion, this study supports the use of firocoxib for the treatment of HM-CMTs. Further studies are needed to compare the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs versus Cox-2 inhibitors as adjuvant treatment in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arenas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Peña
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University Complutense of Madrid, Veterinary School Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Granados-Soler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University Complutense of Madrid, Veterinary School Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Pérez-Alenza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University Complutense of Madrid, Veterinary School Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Bakirel T, Alkan FÜ, Üstüner O, Çinar S, Yildirim F, Erten G, Bakirel U. Synergistic growth inhibitory effect of deracoxib with doxorubicin against a canine mammary tumor cell line, CMT-U27. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:657-68. [PMID: 26822118 PMCID: PMC4873858 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been shown to exert anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor
activities on many types of malignant tumors. These anticancer properties make it
worthwhile to examine the possible benefit of combining COX inhibitors with other
anti-cancer agents. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of deracoxib (DER) in
potentiating antitumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX) in canine mammary carcinoma cells
(CMT-U27). DER (50–250 µM) enhanced the antiproliferative activity of DOX
by reducing the IC50 (approximately 3- to 3.5 fold). Interaction analysis of
the data showed that combinations of DOX at 0.9 µM with DER (100–250
µM) produced synergism in the CMT-U27 cell line, with a ratio index
ranging from 1.98 to 2.33. In additional studies identifying the mechanism of observed
synergistic effect, we found that DER strongly potentiated DOX-caused
G0/G1 arrest in cell cycle progression. Also, DER (100–250
µM) augmented apoptosis induction with approximately 1.35- and 1.37-
fold increases in apoptotic response caused by DOX in the cells. DER enhanced the
antiproliferative effect of DOX in conjunction with induction of apoptosis by modulation
of Bcl-2 expression and changes in the cell cycle of the CMT-U27 cell line. Although the
exact molecular mechanism of the alterations in the cell cycle and apoptosis observed with
DER and DOX combinations require further investigations, the results suggest that the
synergistic effect of DOX and DER combinations in CMT therapy may be achieved at
relatively lower doses of DOX with lesser side effects. Therefore, combining DER with DOX
may prove beneficial in the clinical treatment of canine mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Bakirel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
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20
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Clemente-Vicario F, Alvarez CE, Rowell JL, Roy S, London CA, Kisseberth WC, Lorch G. Human Genetic Relevance and Potent Antitumor Activity of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition in Canine Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142007. [PMID: 26560147 PMCID: PMC4641597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been an open question how similar human and canine lung cancers are. This has major implications in availability of human treatments for dogs and in establishing translational models to test new therapies in pet dogs. The prognosis for canine advanced lung cancer is poor and new treatments are needed. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an ATPase-dependent molecular chaperone ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells. HSP90 is essential for posttranslational conformational maturation and stability of client proteins including protein kinases and transcription factors, many of which are important for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. We investigated the activity of STA-1474, a HSP90 inhibitor, in two canine lung cancer cell lines, BACA and CLAC. Results Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of both cell lines revealed genetic relevance to human non-small cell lung cancer. STA-1474 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The ICs50 after 72 h treatment with STA-1474 were 0.08 and 0.11 μM for BACA and CLAC, respectively. When grown as spheroids, the IC50 of STA-1474 for BACA cells was approximately two-fold higher than when grown as a monolayer (0.348 μM vs. 0.168 μM), whereas CLAC spheroids were relatively drug resistant. Treatment of tumor-stromal fibroblasts with STA-1474 resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in their relative cell viability with a low IC50 of 0.28 μM. Conclusions Here we first established that lung adenocarcinoma in people and dogs are genetically and biochemically similar. STA1474 demonstrated biological activity in both canine lung cancer cell lines and tumor-stromal fibroblasts. As significant decreases in relative cell viability can be achieved with nanomolar concentrations of STA-1474, investigation into the clinical efficacy of this drug in canine lung cancer patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Clemente-Vicario
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Carlos E. Alvarez
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennie L. Rowell
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Satavisha Roy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. London
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William C. Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gwendolen Lorch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Kristiansen VM, Dewi S, Horsberg TE, Jonasdottir TJ, Moe L, Berlinger B, Lindkaer-Jensen S, Larsen S. Tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of a novel benzene-poly-carboxylic acids complex with cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride in dogs with malignant mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:118-132. [PMID: 25764447 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profile, tolerability and efficacy of benzene-poly-carboxylic acids complex with cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (BP-C1) were studied in dogs with mammary cancer. A three-level response surface pathway designed trial was performed on seven dogs. At each level BP-C1 was administered subcutaneously daily for 7 days followed by a 7-day rest period in a dose escalating manner. Adverse events according to VCOG-CTCAE, performance status and tumour progression were recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile followed a two-compartment model with rapid absorption, short distribution, and a slow elimination phase. The overall elimination half-life was 125 h. The maximum tolerated dose of BP-C1 was estimated to be above 0.46 mg kg-1 . A significant reduction in VCOG-CTCAE toxicity which correlated negatively with increasing dose was found. The dogs' general performance status remained unchanged. No decrease in total tumour burden was found, although temporary tumour reduction was seen in some target tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Kristiansen
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Dewi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - T E Horsberg
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - T J Jonasdottir
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Moe
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Berlinger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Lindkaer-Jensen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Larsen
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Feldhaeusser BR, Turek M, Lawrence J, Cornell K, Gogal RM. INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CELL STORAGE/CULTURE CONDITIONS ON SPONTANEOUS PROLIFERATION AND LEVEL OF TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR INHIBITION IN TWO FELINE INJECTION-SITE SARCOMA CELL LINES. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2013; 34:266-82. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2012.722577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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E. Balkman C, L. Gieger T, M. Zgola M, D. Lewis L, C. McEntee M. <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization of Docetaxel as a Radiosensitizer in Canine and Feline Cancer Cell Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2012.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Wolfesberger B, Tonar Z, Gerner W, Skalicky M, Heiduschka G, Egerbacher M, Thalhammer JG, Walter I. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib decreases cell number and induces apoptosis in a canine osteosarcoma cell line. Res Vet Sci 2009; 88:94-100. [PMID: 19665156 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma, an aggressive cancer with early distant metastasis, shows still despite good chemotherapy protocols poor long term survival. The aim of our study was to determine whether sorafenib, a novel multikinase inhibitor, has any effect on D-17 canine osteosarcoma cells. A cell proliferation kit was used for detecting surviving cells after treatment for 72 h with sorafenib or carboplatin or their combination. A significant decrease of neoplastic cells was observed after incubation with 0.5-16 microM sorafenib or with 80-640 microM carboplatin. Using immunocytochemistry for activated caspase 3 to evaluate apoptosis, we found significantly more positive cells in the sorafenib treated groups. Paradoxically, expression of the nuclear proliferation marker Ki-67 was also significantly higher in sorafenib treated cells. The drug sorafenib showed potent antitumour activity against D-17 canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro, suggesting a potential as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of bone cancer in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wolfesberger
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Sobral RA, Honda ST, Katayama MLH, Brentani H, Brentani MM, Patrão DFC, Folgueira MAAK. Tumor slices as a model to evaluate doxorubicin in vitro treatment and expression of trios of genes PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2 in canine mammary gland cancer. Acta Vet Scand 2008; 50:27. [PMID: 18601734 PMCID: PMC2474627 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-50-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In women with breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based in doxorubicin, tumor expression of groups of three genes (PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2) have classified them as responsive or resistant. We have investigated whether expression of these trios of genes could predict mammary carcinoma response in dogs and whether tumor slices, which maintain epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, could be used to evaluate drug response in vitro. Methods Tumors from 38 dogs were sliced and cultured with or without doxorubicin 1 μM for 24 h. Tumor cells were counted by two observers to establish a percentage variation in cell number, between slices. Based on these results, a reduction in cell number between treated and control samples ≥ 21.7%, arbitrarily classified samples, as drug responsive. Tumor expression of PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and SMYD2, was evaluated by real time PCR. Relative expression results were then transformed to their natural logarithm values, which were spatially disposed according to the expression of trios of genes, comprising PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2. Fisher linear discrimination test was used to generate a separation plane between responsive and non-responsive tumors. Results Culture of tumor slices for 24 h was feasible. Nine samples were considered responsive and 29 non-responsive to doxorubicin, considering the pre-established cut-off value of cell number reduction ≥ 21.7%, between doxorubicin treated and control samples. Relative gene expression was evaluated and tumor samples were then spatially distributed according to the expression of the trios of genes: PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2. A separation plane was generated. However, no clear separation between responsive and non-responsive samples could be observed. Conclusion Three-dimensional distribution of samples according to the expression of the trios of genes PRSS11, MTSS1, CLPTM1 and PRSS11, MTSS1, SMYD2 could not predict doxorubicin in vitro responsiveness. Short term culture of mammary gland cancer slices may be an interesting model to evaluate chemotherapy activity.
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Nagamatsu K, Tsuchiya F, Oguma K, Maruyama H, Kano R, Hasegawa A. The effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the Bcl-2 gene on apoptosis and chemosensitivity in a canine mammary gland tumor cell line. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:49-55. [PMID: 17537469 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether downregulation of Bcl-2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the canine Bcl-2 gene would enhance the apoptosis and sensitivity of a canine mammary gland tumor cell line (CF33) to doxorubicin. Transfections of CF33 with siRNA were performed using cationic liposomes. Sequence-specific downregulation of Bcl-2 expression was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Total viable cells were determined by MTS assay and apoptotic cell rates were determined by the immunohistochemical analysis on ssDNA. Our data showed the siRNA downregulated Bcl-2 expression which increased apotosis and also increased the sensitivity of CF33 to doxorubicin. This study indicated that downregulation of Bcl-2 expression by siRNA would be useful as a new protocol to increase the effect of doxorubicin on treatment of canine mammary gland tumors, requiring a detailed evaluation of siRNA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nagamatsu
- Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
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27
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Simon D, Schoenrock D, Baumgärtner W, Nolte I. Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment of Invasive Malignant Mammary Gland Tumors in Dogs with Doxorubicin and Docetaxel. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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28
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Wolfesberger B, Hoelzl C, Walter I, Reider GA, Fertl G, Thalhammer JG, Skalicky M, Egerbacher M. In vitro effects of meloxicam with or without doxorubicin on canine osteosarcoma cells. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2006; 29:15-23. [PMID: 16420297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, already widely used to reduce fever, inflammation and pain, are under increasing consideration as potential agents for the prevention and treatment of neoplasia. As COX-2 was detected in human and canine osteosarcomas, we have evaluated the effect of the preferential COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam on an established D-17 canine osteosarcoma cell line, which expressed, as well as COX-1 and COX-2 also COX-3 (as demonstrated by Western blot). An XTT proliferation kit was used to assess surviving cells after drug treatment. At low concentrations (1, 2, 4 and 10 microm) meloxicam caused an increase in cell numbers while a marked anti-proliferative effect was observed at higher concentrations (100, 200 microm) after 3 days and also 3 weeks of incubation. The chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin showed a cytotoxic effect at all concentrations (60-1920 nm). Exposure of tumour cells to combinations of meloxicam and doxorubicin revealed synergistic effects (with 240 nm doxorubicin), as well as sub-additive and antagonistic results, especially if combined with concentrations of meloxicam typically found in serum. Care should be taken in concluding, on the basis of one in vitro study, that meloxicam does not have a role in the treatment of canine osteosarcomas given that the results from in vivo studies may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wolfesberger
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
The National Consensus Group recommends that all women with tumors larger than 1 cm be offered chemotherapy regardless of tumor histology of lymph node status. This recommendation is to ensure that everyone at risk for failing, even though the risk may be low in women with relatively small tumors and favorable histology, has a choice and receives the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. This type of treatment recommendation may also be made in dogs based on recognized, well-accepted prognostic factors such as tumor size, stage, type, and histologic differentiation. Based on the limited clinical information available in veterinary medicine, the drugs that are effective in human breast cancer, such as cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and doxorubicin, may also have a role in the treatment of malignant mammary gland tumors in dogs. Randomized prospective studies are needed, however, to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy in dogs with high-risk mammary gland tumors and to determine which drugs and protocols are the most efficacious. Until such studies are performed, the treatment of canine mammary gland tumors will be based on the individual oncologist's understanding of tumor biology, experience, interpretation of the available studies, and a little bit of gut-feeling. Table 2 is a proposal for treatment guidelines for malignant canine mammary gland tumors according to established prognostic factors, results from published veterinary studies, and current recommendations for breast cancer treatment in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sorenmo
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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