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Paranjape VV, Knych HK, Berghaus LJ, Giancola S, Cathcart J, Reed RA. Plasma concentrations of buprenorphine administered via matrix-type transdermal patches applied at three different anatomical locations in healthy adult horses. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1390322. [PMID: 38962712 PMCID: PMC11220193 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1390322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anatomical location-dependent differences in transdermal opioid penetration are well described in human patients. Although this has been investigated in horses with fentanyl, there is no literature available on location-dependent plasma buprenorphine concentrations when administered as a transdermal matrix-type patch. Objective This study aims to compare the plasma concentrations achieved from the matrix-type transdermal buprenorphine patches placed at different anatomical sites (metacarpus, gaskin, and ventral tail base) in healthy adult horses. Study design This is a randomized experimental study with a Latin square design. Methods Six adult horses were given each of three treatments with a minimum 10-day washout period. For each treatment, two 20 μg h-1 matrix-type buprenorphine patches were applied to the ventral aspect of the tail base (TailTDP), metacarpus region (MetacarpusTDP), or gaskin region (GaskinTDP). Whole blood samples (for determination of buprenorphine concentration) and physiological variables were collected before (0 h) and at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, 96 and 120 h after patches were applied. The patches were removed 96 h following placement and were analyzed for residual buprenorphine content. Buprenorphine concentrations were measured in plasma by LC-MS/MS. A mixed-effects model was used to analyze the physiological variables. Results Between the three treatment groups, there was no change in physiological variables across timepoints as compared to baseline and when compared to each other in a single horse and between horses (p > 0.3). When comparing all three locations, the buprenorphine uptake was observed to be more consistent with respect to measurable plasma concentrations >0.1 ng ml-1 when applied to the ventral aspect of the tail base. In the TailTDP group, the mean plasma buprenorphine concentrations were >0.1 ng ml-1 from 2 to 32 h. The highest group mean was 0.25 ng ml-1 noted at 4 h. Conclusions The metacarpal and gaskin regions presented more erratic and inconsistent buprenorphine uptake and plasma concentrations as compared to the ventral aspect of the tail base. Further research must be directed at investigating the optimal dose, achievable duration of analgesia, change in measurable plasma concentrations, and behavioral and systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi V. Paranjape
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Heather K. Knych
- K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Londa J. Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shyla Giancola
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jessica Cathcart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Reed
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Nelson GR, Mama KR, Weiner D, McKemie DS, Kass PH, Steinmetz SJ, Knych HK. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine following transdermal administration to horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024:S1467-2987(24)00078-3. [PMID: 38834387 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including antinociceptive effects, of a transdermal buprenorphine solution in horses. It was hypothesized that transdermal application would lead to sustained blood concentrations and antinociceptive effects with fewer adverse effects compared with intravenous (IV) injection. STUDY DESIGN Prospective nonrandomized four-part parallel experimental study. ANIMALS A group of eight horses (three mares and five geldings) aged 6-12 years. METHODS Horses were administered incremental doses of 15, 30 and 45 μg kg-1 of buprenorphine transdermal solution and a single IV dose of 5 μg kg-1 of buprenorphine with a 2 week washout period between treatments. Concentrations of buprenorphine were determined in plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and modeled using a nonlinear mixed effects population pharmacokinetic model to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. Pharmacodynamic effects, including changes in locomotor activity, heart rate, body temperature, gastrointestinal borborygmi, thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were recorded. Mixed effects analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons were performed using a Bonferroni multiple comparison adjustment to assess differences in pharmacodynamic parameters between baseline and each time point within each dose group and between dose groups at the same time point. RESULTS Transdermal application of buprenorphine resulted in low systemic concentrations relative to IV injection. Bioavailability after transdermal application was 11%. Thermal nociceptive thresholds were significantly (p < 0.05) increased (4.3-10.7% relative to baseline) for up to 72 hours in the IV dose group, but only sporadically in the transdermal dose groups (2.5-9.9% relative to baseline). Changes in locomotor activity, heart rate and borborygmi varied over time and with dose. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Limited thermal antinociceptive effects were observed at the transdermal doses studied likely owing to limited absorption relative to IV dosing. Future studies may be directed toward investigating antinociceptive effects of higher transdermal doses and different application sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle R Nelson
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (Pharmacology Section), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Khursheed R Mama
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dan Weiner
- Pharmacometrics Consultant, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dan S McKemie
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (Pharmacology Section), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Philip H Kass
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stacy J Steinmetz
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (Pharmacology Section), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Heather K Knych
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (Pharmacology Section), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Paranjape VV, Knych HK, Berghaus LJ, Cathcart J, Giancola S, Craig H, James C, Saksena S, Reed RA. Evaluation of physical variables, thermal nociceptive threshold testing and pharmacokinetics during placement of transdermal buprenorphine matrix-type patch in healthy adult horses. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1373555. [PMID: 38529072 PMCID: PMC10961409 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1373555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix type transdermal buprenorphine patches have not been investigated in horses and may provide an effective means of providing continuous pain control for extended period and eliminating venous catheterization. Objective Assessment of the physiological variables (heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature) and thermal nociceptive threshold testing, and describing the pharmacokinetic profile of transdermal buprenorphine matrix-type patch (20 μg h-1 and 40 μg h-1 dosing) in healthy adult horses. Study design Randomised experimental study with a Latin-square design. Methods Six adult healthy horses received each of the three treatments with a minimum 10 day washout period. BUP0 horses did not receive a patch (control). BUP20 horses received one patch (20 μg h-1) applied on the ventral aspect of the tail base resulting in a dose of 0.03-0.04 μg kg-1 h-1. BUP40 horses received two patches placed alongside each other (40 μg h-1) on the tail base resulting in a dose of 0.07-0.09 μg kg-1 h-1. Whole blood samples (for determination of buprenorphine concentration), physiological variables and thermal threshold testing were performed before (0 h) and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, and 96 h after patch application. The patches were removed 72 h following placement and were analyzed for residual buprenorphine content. Results Between the three groups, there was no change in physiological variables across timepoints as compared to baseline (p > 0.1). With the higher dose, there was a significant increase in thermal thresholds from baseline values from 2 h until 48 h and these values were significantly higher than the group receiving the lower patch dose for multiple timepoints up to 40 h. 40 μg h-1 patch led to consistent measurable plasma concentrations starting at 2 h up to 96 h, with the mean plasma concentrations of > 0.1 ng/ml from 4 h to 40 h. Conclusions 20 μg h-1 and 40 μg h-1 patch doses were well tolerated by all horses. At higher dose, plasma buprenorphine concentrations were more consistently measurable and blunted thermal thresholds for 48 h vs. 32 h with 20 μg h-1 dosing as compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi V. Paranjape
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Heather K. Knych
- K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Londa J. Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jessica Cathcart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shyla Giancola
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hannah Craig
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Caroline James
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Siddharth Saksena
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Reed
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Digranes N, Haga HA, Nordgreen J. High and Hyper: Fentanyl Induces Psychomotor Side-Effects in Healthy Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101671. [PMID: 37238100 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Analgesic effects of fentanyl have been investigated using behavior. The behavioral effects of fentanyl and possible serotonergic influence are largely unknown. We therefore investigated behavioral effects of fentanyl, with or without the serotonin antagonist ketanserin, in pigs. Fourteen mixed-breed pigs, weighing 17-25 kg were included in a randomised blinded prospective, balanced three-group study. Ten pigs received first 5 and then 10 µg/kg of fentanyl intravenously. Ketanserin at 1 mg/kg or saline was given intravenously as a third injection. Four control pigs received three injections of saline. Behavior was video-recorded. The distance moved was automatically measured by commercially available software, and behaviors manually scored in retrospect. Fentanyl inhibited resting and playing, and induced different repetitive behaviors. The mean (SD) distance moved in the control group and fentanyl group was 21.3 (13.0) and 57.8 (20.8) metres respectively (p < 0.05 for pairwise comparison). A stiff gait pattern was seen after fentanyl injection for median (range) 4.2 (2.8-5.1) minutes per 10 min, which was reduced to 0 (0-4) s after ketanserin administration. Conclusion: fentanyl-induced motor and behavioral effects, and serotonergic transmission may be involved in some of them. The psychomotor side effects of fentanyl could potentially interfere with post-operative pain evaluation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Digranes
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Henning Andreas Haga
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Janicke Nordgreen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
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Xueyuan H, Li L, Yujie Y, Wenshuai Y, Huayun Z, Wei G, Honggang F. Comparison of behavioral and cardiopulmonary parameters during immobilization using dexmedetomidine, tiletamine and zolazepam with or without buprenorphine in Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris). J Vet Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Flynn H, Cenani A, Brosnan RJ, DiMaio Knych HK, de Araujo Aguiar AJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a high concentration of buprenorphine (Simbadol) in conscious horses after subcutaneous administration. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:585-595. [PMID: 33934992 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine (1.8 mg mL-1; Simbadol) following subcutaneous (SC) administration in horses. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, crossover trial. ANIMALS A group of six healthy adult horses weighing 521-602 kg. METHODS On three occasions, Simbadol (0.005 mg kg-1; treatment S5), (0.0025 mg kg-1; treatment S2.5) or saline (treatment SAL) were administered SC at least 7 days apart in random order. Electrical nociceptive threshold (ENT) measured on the neck region, physiologic variables, locomotor activity, degree of restlessness and presence of excitatory signs were measured at baseline and for up to 48 hours after injection. Blood was collected for pharmacokinetic analysis at the same time intervals and plasma buprenorphine concentration (Cp) measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Buprenorphine was quantifiable in all horses from 15 minutes after administration up to 8-12 hours. ENT was significantly increased in treatment S2.5 compared with treatment SAL at 0.75-6 hours after treatment. Increase in locomotor activity and compulsive behavior were recorded in all horses after Simbadol, and degree of restlessness was significantly higher in treatment S5 than SAL for a sustained time. Gastrointestinal motility significantly decreased in all horses after Simbadol and returned to baseline by 16 hours after treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In horses, SC Simbadol was rapidly absorbed and Cp decreased rapidly. Side effects commonly seen in horses after opioids were observed in both Simbadol treatments, but degree of opioid-induced excitement lasted significantly longer in treatment S5. Simbadol (0.0025 mg kg-1) SC has the potential to be used clinically to treat pain in horses. However, at this dose, duration of antinociceptive effects was not longer than that reported for conventional buprenorphine, and side effects, including reduction in gastrointestinal motility and increased locomotor activity, were documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Flynn
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alessia Cenani
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Robert J Brosnan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Heather K DiMaio Knych
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Antonio J de Araujo Aguiar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Ferreira da Cruz FS, Natalini CC, Pellin de Molnar BF, Beatriz da Silva Serpa P, Tisotti T, Midon M, Desessards de La Côrte F. Tramadol Effects on Lameness Score After Inhibition of P-GP by Ivermectin Administration in Horses: Preliminary Results. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 92:103163. [PMID: 32797786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects and lameness degree in horses administered tramadol after the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) enteric inhibitor ivermectin. Six horses were randomly distributed into three groups, which received two different doses of tramadol by a nasogastric tube: 1 mg/kg (tramadol group 1(GT1)), 4 mg/kg (tramadol group 4 (GT4)), and tramadol 1 mg/kg combined with ivermectin 0.2 mg/kg PO (ivermectin tramadol group (GT1 + Ive)), with one-week washout interval. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), intestinal motility, body temperature, and the degree of lameness were evaluated for 360 minutes. The blood gas parameters were evaluated at 0, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes. There were no differences in HR and the degree of lameness. Hypomotility occurred in GT1 and GT4 only at the end of the evaluation period, and RR increased in all groups. We conclude that inhibition of enteric P-gp by ivermectin did not alter the effects of tramadol, suggesting that tramadol is not a substrate for P-gp. However, future studies should be conducted to assess the interaction between P-gp inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of tramadol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Correa Natalini
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Medicine: Equine, College of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS. Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Favieiro Pellin de Molnar
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Medicine: Equine, College of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS. Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila Beatriz da Silva Serpa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Medicine: Equine, College of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS. Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tainor Tisotti
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Monica Midon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Grubb TL, Kurkowski D, Sellon DC, Seino KK, Coffey T, Davis JL. Pharmacokinetics and physiologic/behavioral effects of buprenorphine administered sublingually and intravenously to neonatal foals. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:26-36. [PMID: 30242851 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Buprenorphine is absorbed following sublingual administration, which would be a low-stress delivery route in foals. However, the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics are not described in foals. Six healthy foals <21 days of age participated in a blinded, randomized, 3-period, 5-sequence, 3-treatment crossover prospective study. Foals received 0.01-0.02 mg/kg buprenorphine administered SL or IV with an equivalent volume of saline administered by the opposite route. Blood was collected from the cephalic vein for pharmacokinetic analysis. Physiologic parameters (HR, RR, body temperature, GI sounds), locomotion (pedometer), and behavioral data (activity level, nursing time, response to humans) were recorded. Plasma concentration of buprenorphine exceeded a presumed analgesic level (0.6 ng/ml) in five foals in the IV group and one in the SL group but only for a very brief time. Pharmacokinetic analysis following IV administration demonstrated a short elimination half-life (t1/2β 1.95 ± 0.7 hr), large volume of distribution (6.46 ± 1.54 L/kg), and a high total clearance (55.83 ± 23.75 ml/kg/min), which differs from adult horses. Following SL administration, maximum concentrations reached were 0.61 ± 0.11 ng/ml and bioavailability was 25.1% ± 10.9%. In both groups, there were minor statistical differences in HR, RR, body temperature, locomotion, and time spent nursing. However, these differences were clinically insignificant in this single dose study, and excitement, sedation, or colic did not occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Grubb
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Danielle Kurkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Deborah C Sellon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Kathy K Seino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Todd Coffey
- Center for Interdisciplinary Statistical Education and Research, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Methadone Increases and Prolongs Detomidine-Induced Arterial Hypertension in Horses, but These Effects Are Not Mediated by Increased Plasma Concentrations of Arginine Vasopressin or Serum Concentrations of Catecholamines. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gatson BJ, Pablo L, Plummer CE, Granone TD. Effects of premedication with sustained-release buprenorphine hydrochloride and anesthetic induction with ketamine hydrochloride or propofol in combination with diazepam on intraocular pressure in healthy sheep. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:771-9. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.9.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Risberg ÅI, Spadavecchia C, Ranheim B, Hendrickson EHS, Lervik A, Haga HA. Antinociceptive effect of buprenorphine and evaluation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in foals. Vet Anaesth Analg 2015; 42:329-38. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carregaro AB, Freitas GC, Ribeiro MH, Xavier NV, Dória RGS. Physiological and analgesic effects of continuous-rate infusion of morphine, butorphanol, tramadol or methadone in horses with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced carpal synovitis. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:966. [PMID: 25528353 PMCID: PMC4297404 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous-rate infusion (CRI) of drugs results in more stable plasma drug concentrations than administration of intermittent boluses, thus providing greater stability of physiological parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiologic and analgesic effects of the administration of morphine, butorphanol, tramadol or methadone by CRI in horses with induced synovitis of the radiocarpal joint. RESULTS Increased values of cardiorespiratory parameters and body temperature were observed in all groups after initiation of opioid administration, and these increases were sustained throughout the CRI period. Morphine, butorphanol and methadone each caused a reduction in gut sounds, and this effect was greatest in animals that received morphine. Administration of morphine or methadone reduced the degree of lameness after the end of intravenous infusion. Administration of tramadol did not alter the degree of lameness in the animals. CONCLUSIONS CRI of morphine or methadone, but not butorphanol or tramadol, provided analgesia in horses with carpal synovitis. All of these opioids increased cardiovascular and respiratory parameters and reduced gut sounds during CRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano B Carregaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave 225, Pirassununga, ZIP 13635-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle C Freitas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of South Border, Realeza, PR, Brazil.
| | - Martina H Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave 225, Pirassununga, ZIP 13635-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia V Xavier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave 225, Pirassununga, ZIP 13635-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata G S Dória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte ave 225, Pirassununga, ZIP 13635-900, SP, Brazil.
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Gustavsen KA, Guzman DSM, Knych HK, Petritz OA, Olsen GH, Paul-Murphy JR. Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine hydrochloride following intramuscular and intravenous administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:711-5. [PMID: 25061701 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.8.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine hydrochloride after IM and IV administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius). ANIMALS 13 healthy 3-year-old captive-bred American kestrels. PROCEDURES Buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.6 mg/kg) was administered IM to all birds. Blood samples were collected at 9 times, ranging from 5 minutes to 9 hours after drug administration. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were measured by use of tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by use of least squares linear regression and noncompartmental analysis of naïve pooled data. After a washout period of 2 weeks, the same dose of buprenorphine was administered IV to all birds and blood samples were collected at the same times after drug administration. RESULTS Maximum plasma buprenorphine concentration was achieved within 5 minutes after IM administration. For IM administration, bioavailability was 94.8% and elimination half-life was 92.1 minutes. For IV administration, steady-state volume of distribution was 4,023.8 mL/kg, plasma clearance was 49.2 mL/min/kg, and elimination half-life was 105.5 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Buprenorphine was rapidly absorbed, and bioavailability was good after IM administration to American kestrels. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were > 1 ng/mL for 9 hours after both IM and IV administration. These results, in combination with those of a pharmacodynamic study, suggested that the analgesic effects of buprenorphine could last at least 6 to 9 hours in this species. Further investigations of the duration of analgesic effects, multiple-dose protocols, and potential adverse effects of buprenorphine are warranted in American kestrels and other raptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Gustavsen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis CA 95616
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Love EJ, Pelligand L, Taylor PM, Murrell JC, Sear JW. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of intravenous buprenorphine in conscious horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 42:17-29. [PMID: 24735059 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in horses and to relate the plasma buprenorphine concentration to the pharmacodynamic effects. STUDY DESIGN Single phase non-blinded study. ANIMALS Six dedicated research horses, aged 3-10 years and weighing 480-515 kg. METHODS Thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds, heart and respiratory rates and locomotor activity were measured before and 15, 30, 45 & 60 minutes and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 & 24 hours post-administration of 10 μg kg(-1) buprenorphine IV. Intestinal motility was measured 1, 6, 12 & 24 hours after buprenorphine administration. Venous blood samples were obtained before administration of buprenorphine 10 μg kg(-1) IV and 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 30, 45 & 60 minutes, and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 & 24 hours afterwards. Plasma buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine concentrations were measured using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) assay with solid-phase extraction. A non-compartmental method was used for analysis of the plasma concentration-time data and plasma buprenorphine concentrations were modelled against two dynamic effects (change in thermal threshold and mechanical threshold) using a simple Emax model. RESULTS Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were detectable to 480 minutes in all horses and to 720 minutes in two out of six horses. Norbuprenorphine was not detected. Thermal thresholds increased from 15 minutes post-buprenorphine administration until the 8-12 hour time points. The increase in mechanical threshold ranged from 3.5 to 6.0 Newtons (median: 4.4 N); and was associated with plasma buprenorphine concentrations in the range 0.34-2.45 ng mL(-1) . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The suitability of the use of buprenorphine for peri-operative analgesia in the horse is supported by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Love
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
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Keating SCJ, Kerr CL, Valverde A, Johnson RJ, McDonell WN. Cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous fentanyl infusion in dogs during isoflurane anesthesia and with concurrent acepromazine or dexmedetomidine administration during anesthetic recovery. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:672-82. [PMID: 23627379 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.5.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of IV fentanyl administration in dogs during isoflurane anesthesia and during anesthetic recovery with or without dexmedetomidine or acepromazine. ANIMALS 7 sexually intact male purpose-bred hound-type dogs aged 11 to 12 months. PROCEDURES Dogs received a loading dose of fentanyl (5 μg/kg, IV) followed by an IV infusion (5 μg/kg/h) for 120 minutes while anesthetized with isoflurane and for an additional 60 minutes after anesthesia was discontinued. Dogs were randomly assigned in a crossover design to receive dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg/kg), acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1 mL) IV after anesthesia ceased. Cardiopulmonary data were obtained during anesthesia and for 90 minutes after treatment administration during anesthetic recovery. RESULTS Concurrent administration of fentanyl and isoflurane resulted in significant decreases in mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac index and a significant increase in Paco2. All but Paco2 returned to pretreatment values before isoflurane anesthesia was discontinued. During recovery, dexmedetomidine administration resulted in significant decreases in heart rate, cardiac index, and mixed venous oxygen tension and a significant increase in arterial blood pressure, compared with values for saline solution and acepromazine treatments. Acepromazine administration resulted in significantly lower blood pressure and higher cardiac index and Po2 in mixed venous blood than did the other treatments. Dexmedetomidine treatment resulted in significantly lower values for Pao2 and arterial pH and higher Paco2 values than both other treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fentanyl resulted in transient pronounced cardiorespiratory effects when administered during isoflurane anesthesia. During anesthetic recovery, when administered concurrently with an IV fentanyl infusion, dexmedetomidine resulted in evidence of cardiopulmonary compromise and acepromazine transiently improved cardiopulmonary performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C J Keating
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Intravenous Tramadol Injection has no Antinociceptive Effect in Horses Undergoing Electrical and Thermal Stimuli. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Taylor P, Coumbe K, Henson F, Scott D, Taylor A. Evaluation of sedation for standing clinical procedures in horses using detomidine combined with buprenorphine. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 41:14-24. [PMID: 23742694 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of including buprenorphine with detomidine for sedation of horses undergoing clinical procedures. STUDY DESIGN Partially blinded, randomised, prospective clinical field trial. ANIMALS Eighty four client-owned horses scheduled for minor surgery or diagnostic investigation under standing sedation. METHODS The effects of buprenorphine (5 μg kg(-1) ) (Group B, n = 46) or placebo (5% glucose solution) (Group C, n = 38) in combination with detomidine (10 μg kg(-1) ) were compared in standing horses undergoing minor clinical procedures. The primary outcome measure was successful completion of the procedure. The degree of sedation and ataxia were scored using simple descriptive scales. Heart and respiratory rates were recorded at 15-30 minute intervals. Parametric data from each group were compared using anova or t-test and non parametric data using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The procedure was carried out successfully in 91% of Group B and 63% of Group C (p < 0.01). Repeat dosing was required in 24% of Group B and 32% of Group C (p < 0.05). Sedation was more profound and lasted longer (60 versus 45 minutes) in Group B (p < 0.01). Ataxia occurred after detomidine, increased after buprenorphine but not glucose administration, was more profound in group B and lasted longer (60 versus 30 minutes) p < 0.001). Heart and respiratory rates remained within normal limits in both groups and there were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Buprenorphine 5 and 10 μg kg(-1) enhanced the sedation produced by detomidine 10 and 20 μg kg(-1) with minor side effects similar to other alpha2 agonist/opioid combinations. Detomidine-buprenorphine sedation is suitable for standing procedures in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Taylor
- Taylor Monroe, Gravel Head Farm, Little Downham, UK
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Figueiredo JP, Muir WW, Sams R. Cardiorespiratory, gastrointestinal, and analgesic effects of morphine sulfate in conscious healthy horses. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:799-808. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.6.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Messenger KM, Davis JL, LaFevers DH, Barlow BM, Posner LP. Intravenous and sublingual buprenorphine in horses: pharmacokinetics and influence of sampling site. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011; 38:374-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Love EJ, Taylor PM, Murrell J, Whay HR, Waterman-Pearson AE. Assessment of the sedative effects of buprenorphine administered with 20 μg/kg detomidine in horses. Vet Rec 2011; 168:409. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.c7315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Love
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford House Langford North Somerset BS40 5DU
| | | | - J. Murrell
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford House Langford North Somerset BS40 5DU
| | - H. R. Whay
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford House Langford North Somerset BS40 5DU
| | - A. E. Waterman-Pearson
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science; University of Bristol; Langford House Langford North Somerset BS40 5DU
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Love EJ, Taylor PM, Murrell J, Whay HR, Waterman-Pearson AE. Assessment of the sedative effects of buprenorphine administered with 10 μg/kg detomidine in horses. Vet Rec 2011; 168:379. [PMID: 21498267 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this randomised, observer-blinded, crossover study was to compare the effects of six treatments, administered intravenously to six horses: saline and saline (S/S); detomidine and saline (D/S); detomidine and 5 µg/kg buprenorphine (D/B5); detomidine and 7.5 µg/kg buprenorphine (D/B7.5); detomidine and 10 µg/kg buprenorphine (D/B10); and detomidine and 25 µg/kg butorphanol (D/BUT). The detomidine dose was 10 µg/kg for all treatments in which it was included. Sedation was subjectively assessed and recorded on a visual analogue scale. Peak sedation, duration of sedation and the area under the curve (AUC) for sedation scores were investigated using a univariate general linear model with post-hoc Tukey tests (P<0.05). Peak sedation and duration of sedation were statistically significantly different between treatments (P<0.001). No sedation was apparent after administration of S/S. The AUC was significantly different between treatments (P=0.010), with S/S being significantly different from D/S, D/BUT, D/B5 and D/B7.5, but not D/B10 (P=0.051).
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Love
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset BS40 5DU.
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DAVIS JL, MESSENGER KM, LaFEVERS DH, BARLOW BM, POSNER LP. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular buprenorphine in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:52-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dhanjal JK, Wilson DV, Robinson E, Tobin TT, Dirokulu L. Intravenous tramadol: effects, nociceptive properties, and pharmacokinetics in horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009; 36:581-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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MAIANTE AA, TEIXEIRA NETO FJ, BEIER SL, CORRENTE JE, PEDROSO CEBP. Comparison of the cardio-respiratory effects of methadone and morphine in conscious dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 32:317-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fischer BL, Ludders JW, Asakawa M, Fortier LA, Fubini SL, Nixon AJ, Radcliffe RM, Erb HN. A comparison of epidural buprenorphine plus detomidine with morphine plus detomidine in horses undergoing bilateral stifle arthroscopy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009; 36:67-76. [PMID: 19121161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine plus detomidine with that of morphine plus detomidine when administered epidurally in horses undergoing bilateral stifle arthroscopy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. ANIMALS Twelve healthy adult horses participating in an orthopedic research study. Group M (n = 6) received morphine (0.2 mg kg(-1)) and detomidine (0.15 mg kg(-1)) epidurally; group B (n = 6) received buprenorphine (0.005 mg kg(-1)) and detomidine (0.15 mg kg(-1)) epidurally. METHODS Horses received one of two epidural treatments following induction of general anesthesia for bilateral stifle arthroscopy. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), end-tidal CO(2) (Pe'CO(2)), and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations (E'Iso%) were recorded every 15 minutes following epidural administration. Post-operative assessment was performed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after standing; variables recorded included HR, respiratory rate (f(R)), abdominal borborygmi, defecation, and the presence of undesirable side effects. At the same times post-operatively, each horse was videotaped at a walk and subsequently assigned a lameness score (0-4) by three ACVS diplomates blinded to treatment and who followed previously published guidelines. Nonparametric data were analyzed using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. Inter- and intra-rater agreement were determined using weighted kappa coefficients. Statistical significance was set at p <or= 0.05. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between groups with respect to intra-operative HR, MAP, E'Iso%, or post-operative HR, gastrointestinal function and cumulative median lameness scores. Post-operative f(R) in group B [24 (12-30), median (range)] breaths per minute was significantly higher than in group M [18 (15-20)] breaths per minute, p = 0.04. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In horses undergoing bilateral stifle arthroscopy, these doses of buprenorphine plus detomidine injected epidurally produced analgesia similar in intensity and duration to that of morphine plus detomidine injected epidurally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit L Fischer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Carregaro AB, Luna SPL, Mataqueiro MI, de Queiroz-Neto A. Effects of buprenorphine on nociception and spontaneous locomotor activity in horses. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:246-50. [PMID: 17331012 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine in horses. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES Horses received each of 3 treatments (10 mL of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution, 5 microg of buprenorphine/kg, or 10 microg of buprenorphine/kg). Treatments were administered IV. Order of treatments was randomized, and there was a 10-day interval between subsequent treatments. Spontaneous locomotor activity was investigated in a behavioral box by use of infrared photoelectric sensors connected to a computer, which detected movement of each horse. Antinociceptive effect was investigated by hoof-withdrawal reflex latency (HWRL) and skin-twitching reflex latency (STRL) after painful stimulation with a heat lamp. RESULTS Moderate excitement was observed in all horses from 5 to 10 minutes after the administration of both dosages of buprenorphine. The SLA increased significantly for 6 and 14 hours after IV administration of 5 and 10 microg of buprenorphine/kg, respectively. Values for HWRL increased significantly only at 30 minutes after injection of 5 microg of buprenorphine/kg, whereas STRL and HWRL each increased significantly from 1 to 6 hours (except at 2 and 4 hours) and 11 hours, respectively, after injection of 10 microg of buprenorphine/kg. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IV injection of buprenorphine caused a dose-dependent increase in SLA, but only the dose of 10 microg/kg induced analgesia on the basis of results for the experimental method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano B Carregaro
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo State, Botucatu, Brazil 18618-000
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