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Rieder JC, Steffensen N, Imker R, Lassnig S, de Buhr N. The effect of doxycycline on canine neutrophil functions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 267:110701. [PMID: 38147695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic that is frequently used to treat bacterial infections. Its use has also been described in immune-mediated diseases due to its immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of doxycycline on canine neutrophil functions. Therefore, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were determined after incubation of canine PMNs with doxycycline in three different concentrations (4 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL) for one and three hours, respectively. Additionally, a neutrophil killing assay with a doxycycline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was performed to determine the bactericidal effect of doxycycline treated PMNs in presence of plasma. Doxycycline significantly diminished the production of ROS. However, doxycycline concentrations of 4 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL significantly induced NETs. A synergistic bacteriostatic effect of PMNs and doxycycline on a doxycycline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate was detectable. However, already PMNs and especially doxycycline alone inhibited the growth. In summary, doxycycline showed a concentration-dependent immunomodulatory property in canine PMNs with a reduced ROS production and increased NET-induction. This immunomodulatory effect resulted in a slightly increased elimination of a doxycycline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the doxycycline plasma concentrations achieved in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Rieder
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nicole Steffensen
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rabea Imker
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Lassnig
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Scala E, van Galen G, Skärlina EM, Durie I. Do post-surgical multiresistant urinary infections occur in horses? Case of unilateral pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria as a complication of cystotomy. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2042-2052. [PMID: 37466019 PMCID: PMC10508549 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyelonephritis is a serious condition that is rarely described in horses. In contrast, urinary tract infections are common in humans and small animals, and multi-drug-resistant urinary infections are an emerging threat. In this report, we describe a horse with unilateral pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria belonging to the Enterobacter cloacae complex. [Correction added on 9 August 2023, after first online publication: The preceding sentence was corrected.] An 11-year-old Swedish warmblood gelding was diagnosed with a cystolith and a cystotomy through an open left para-inguinal approach was performed. Seven days after surgery the horse presented with pyrexia, dullness and colic. Diagnostic testing and renal transabdominal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a right-sided pyelonephritis. Culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a pure growth of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing E. cloacae complex bacteria with resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycoside and trimethoprim-sulphonamide classes. Treatment included prolonged oral antimicrobials according to susceptibility testing results (enrofloxacin), judicious use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, fluid therapy and gastric ulcer prophylaxis. The horse recovered successfully and is currently in good health (follow-up of 5 years). Once the infection resolved, unilateral renal scarring occurred. Multidrug-resistant upper-urinary infections occur in horses and should be considered in a post-surgical patient that develops fever. Early diagnosis, urine bacterial culturing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were crucial in this case to successful management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Scala
- Evidensia Specialisthästsjukhuset StrömsholmStrömsholmSweden
| | - Gaby van Galen
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Goulburn Valley Equine HospitalCongupnaVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Inge Durie
- Evidensia Specialisthästsjukhuset StrömsholmStrömsholmSweden
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3
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Chapuis RJJ, Becker AAMJ, Dowling PM, Weese JS. Characterisation of faecal microbiota in horses medicated with oral doxycycline hyclate. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:129-141. [PMID: 35202500 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea is a common adverse effect of antimicrobial treatment in horses and has been reported following the administration of oral doxycycline. The administration of antimicrobials has also been associated with changes in the equine intestinal microbiota diversity yet has not been explored under doxycycline treatment. OBJECTIVES To describe the dynamics of the faecal microbial diversity following a 5-day oral administration of doxycycline in healthy horses with Streptococcus zooepidemicus infected tissue chambers. STUDY DESIGN Experimental prospective cohort study in a single horse group. METHODS Seven healthy adult horses with S. zooepidemicus infected tissue chambers received oral doxycycline at 10 mg/kg q 12 h for 5-days following the tissue chamber inoculation. Faeces were collected prior to the tissue chamber inoculation and until 28-days post inoculation. Faecal microbiota was characterised by high throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analysis was performed with Mothur and statistical analysis were conducted on R Studio. RESULTS A significant decrease in alpha diversity, characterised by a decrease of richness and diversity, and a decrease in beta diversity, characterised by changes in relative abundance, occurred after initiation of and during the administration of doxycycline. A decrease in Verrucomicrobia and increase in Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio occurred following the initiation of treatment, with a return to initial Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio during the treatment. It took 23 days after discontinuing the treatment for the faecal microbiota to return close to the initial state. MAIN LIMITATIONS Lack of control population within the study. CONCLUSIONS Transitory intestinal dysbiosis occurs under oral administration of doxycycline in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J J Chapuis
- Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.,Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anne A M J Becker
- Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia M Dowling
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Armstrong SK, Blacklock B, Keen J, Peck FS. Successful management of a unilateral persistent epithelial defect secondary to meibomian gland dysfunction in an Irish Sports Horse using a multi‐modal treatment plan. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan K. Armstrong
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Ben Blacklock
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - John Keen
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Fraser S. Peck
- Ophthalmology Kent, Surrey, and Sussex Health Education London UK
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5
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Lindström BE, Skogman BH, Lindström AK, Tallstedt L, Nilsson K. Borrelia Ocular Infection: A Case Report and a Systematic Review of Published Cases. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 65:121-130. [PMID: 35034015 DOI: 10.1159/000521307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lyme borreliosis can cause many diverse manifestations, also ocular disease where the diagnosis of ocular borreliosis is challenging. The primary aim was to report on the evidence of Borrelia spirochetes in the ocular tissue in presumed ocular borreliosis. METHODS A systematic review of pathological eye conditions was performed where Borrelia has been suspected in relevant ocular tissue, together with a case report of diagnosed uveitis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed Borrelia afzelii in the vitreous. The evidence for clinical and laboratory diagnosis was evaluated systematically. As a secondary aim, the treatment of ocular Borrelia infection was also evaluated for confirmed cases. RESULTS Thirteen includable studies were found, and after the removal of case duplicates, eleven unique cases were extracted. Apart from the present case report, 4 other cases reported strong evidence for the detection of B. spirochetes in ocular tissue. Four cases presented reasonable evidence for assumed detected Borrelia, while three additional cases showed only weak diagnostic credibility that Borrelia was detected. CONCLUSION This systematic review, including all reported cases and our case report, supports evidence of ocular infection of Borrelia species. Furthermore, in case of suspicion of infection and seronegativity, it is justified to look for Borrelia in eye tissue samples. In addition, microscopy without using PCR is not sufficient to confirm the diagnosis of borreliosis on ocular tissue. In the articles studied, there was no unambiguous recommendation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn E Lindström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Falu Hospital, Falun, Sweden.,Center for Clinical Research, Dalarna, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbro H Skogman
- Center for Clinical Research, Dalarna, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Annika K Lindström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Tallstedt
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Erik's Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Nilsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mileva R, Milanova A. Doxycycline pharmacokinetics in mammalian species of veterinary interest – an overview. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine. The current review aims to summarise the available data about pharmacokinetics in mammalian species of veterinary interest and to indicate the basic strategies for refining dosage regimens in order to use this antibiotic reasonably. Additionally, the available data about population pharmacokinetics are reviewed as this approach exhibits a number of benefits in terms of determination of drug pharmacokinetics, prediction of drug disposition and interpretation of the variations in the pharmacokinetic parameters. Further research with animal species of veterinary interest and pathogens causing diseases in animals is needed to clarify the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxycycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Mileva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Facul-ty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - A. Milanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Facul-ty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Xu N, Cheng B, Li M, Lin Z, Ai X. Withdrawal Interval Estimation of Doxycycline in Yellow Catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) Using an LC-MS/MS Method Based upon QuEChERS Sampling Preparation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112554. [PMID: 34828835 PMCID: PMC8625883 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited information on residue depletion of doxycycline (DC) is available in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) using the determination of LC-MS/MS based upon a rapid and simple method of sample preparation. This study collected plasma and tissue samples of yellow catfish at pre-determined time points following 3-day consecutive oral administration of DC at 20 mg/kg. The samples were prepared using a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) approach. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were 2.5 and 5 µg/kg or µg/L, respectively, for DC in plasma and tissues (e.g., muscle + skin, liver, kidney, and gill). The recoveries of DC ranged from 67.2% to 86.2%. The decision limit (CCα) and the detection capability (CCβ) were from 106.2 to 127.8 μg/kg or μg/L. The withdrawal times of DC in muscle + skin were estimated to be 22 d based on the guidelines in China and Europe and 27 d based on Japan's standard. Overall, this study not only provides an efficient method to rapidly determine the DC concentrations in fish-derived tissues but also provides important information on the safety assessment of DC in aquatic animal-derived food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China;
- Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Aquatic Products Quality and Standard Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (X.A.); Tel.: +86-010-68671246 (B.C.); +86-027-81780151 (X.A.)
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (M.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (M.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China;
- Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (X.A.); Tel.: +86-010-68671246 (B.C.); +86-027-81780151 (X.A.)
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8
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Antimicrobial resistance spectrum conferred by pRErm46 of emerging macrolide (multidrug)-resistant Rhodococcus equi. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0114921. [PMID: 34319806 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01149-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal multidrug resistance recently emerged in Rhodococcus equi, complicating the therapeutic management of this difficult-to-treat animal and human pathogenic actinomycete. The currently spreading multidrug-resistant (MDR) "2287" clone arose in equine farms upon acquisition, and co-selection by mass macrolide-rifampin therapy, of the pRErm46 plasmid carrying the erm(46) macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramins resistance determinant, and an rpoBS531F mutation. Here, we screened a collection of susceptible and macrolide-rifampin-resistant R. equi from equine clinical cases using a panel of 15 antimicrobials against rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), nocardiae and other aerobic actinomycetes (NAA). R. equi -including MDR isolates- was generally susceptible to linezolid, minocycline, tigecycline, amikacin and tobramycin according to Staphylococcus aureus interpretive criteria, plus imipenem, cefoxitin and ceftriaxone based on Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for RGM/NAA. Ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin were in the borderline category according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. Molecular analyses linked pRErm46 to significantly increased MICs for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline in addition to clarithromycin within the RGM/NAA panel, and to streptomycin, spectinomycin and tetracycline resistance. pRErm46 variants with spontaneous deletions in the class 1 integron (C1I) region, observed in ≈30% of erm(46)-positive isolates, indicated that the newly identified resistances were attributable to C1I's sulfonamide (sul1) and aminoglycoside (aaA9) resistance cassettes and adjacent tetRA(33) determinant. Most MDR isolates carried the rpoBS531F mutation of the 2287 clone, while different rpoB mutations (S531L, S531Y) detected in two cases suggest the emergence of novel MDR R. equi strains.
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9
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Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Distribution of Doxycycline in Healthy Female Donkeys after Multiple Intragastric Dosing-Preliminary Investigation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072047. [PMID: 34359175 PMCID: PMC8300337 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline (DXC) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial antimicrobial administered to horses for the treatment of bacterial infections which may also affect donkeys. Donkeys have a different metabolism than horses, leading to differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs compared to horses. This study aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of DXC in donkeys. Five doses of DXC hyclate (10 mg/kg) were administered via a nasogastric tube, q12 h, to eight non-fasted, healthy, adult jennies. Serum, urine, synovial fluid and endometrium were collected for 72 h following the first administration. Doxycycline concentration was measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay. Serum concentrations versus time data were fitted simultaneously using the stochastic approximation expectation-maximization algorithm for nonlinear mixed effects. A one-compartment model with linear elimination and first-order absorption after intragastric administration, best described the available pharmacokinetic data. Final parameter estimates indicate that DXC has a high volume of distribution (108 L/kg) as well as high absorption (10.3 h-1) in donkeys. However, results suggest that oral DXC at 10 mg/kg q12 h in donkeys would not result in a therapeutic concentration in serum, urine, synovial fluid or endometrium by comparison to the minimum inhibitory concentration of common equine pathogens. Further studies are recommended to identify appropriate dosage and dosing intervals of oral DXC in donkeys.
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Chapuis RJJ, Smith JS, Uehlinger FD, Meachem M, Johnson R, Dowling PM. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxycycline in a Streptococcusequi subsp. zooepidemicus infection model in horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:766-775. [PMID: 34057219 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and the efficacy of oral administration of doxycycline (DXC) in horses with Streptococcus zooepidemicus tissue infections. Tissue chambers (TC) were implanted subcutaneously in the cervical region of 7 horses and inoculated with a single S. zooepidemicus isolate with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25 µg/ml, determined by agar dilution. Doxycycline hyclate (10 mg/kg, orally, q 12 h, for 5 days) mixed with poloxamer gel was started following inoculation. The TC fluid was sampled prior to and following inoculation for cytology analysis, quantitative culture, and DXC determination. Plasma DXC concentrations were measured over 48 h following the last dose of DXC administered. The mean plasma peak concentration (Cmax ) of DXC was 0.32 µg/ml, and concentrations above the MIC were only reached in 3 TC samples. In plasma, mean T > MIC was 2.4 h, mean Cmax /MIC was 1.30, and mean AUClast /MIC was 11.63 h. These PK/PD indices did not reach the suggested targets for DXC treatments of infections, and the TC abscessed in all horses. This is the first study to evaluate the recommended dose of DXC in horse in an infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J J Chapuis
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Joe S Smith
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fabienne D Uehlinger
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Melissa Meachem
- Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ron Johnson
- Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia M Dowling
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Braid HR, Ireland JL. A cross‐sectional survey of the diagnosis and treatment of distal limb cellulitis in horses by veterinary surgeons in the United Kingdom. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. R. Braid
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences The University of Liverpool Neston, Wirral UK
| | - J. L. Ireland
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences The University of Liverpool Neston, Wirral UK
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12
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Adesiyun AA, Fasina FO, Abafe OA, Mokgoatlheng-Mamogobo M, Adigun O, Mokgophi T, Phosa M, Majokweni Z. Occurrence and Concentrations of Residues of Tetracyclines, Polyether Ionophores, and Anthelmintics in Livers of Chickens Sold in the Informal Market in Gauteng Province, South Africa. J Food Prot 2021; 84:655-663. [PMID: 33159443 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The occurrence, concentrations, and variables associated with tetracycline, polyether ionophore, and anthelmintic residues in the livers of chickens sold in the informal market in South Africa were determined. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to simultaneously analyze for four tetracyclines, five polyether ionophores, and six anthelmintic residues. The study determined the presence of residues in liver samples at both the limit of quantifications (LOQ) and concentrations over the maximum residue limit (MRL), i.e., noncompliant. Doxycycline (tetracycline group) was detected in 24 (24.5%) of 98 chicken livers, and 15 (15.3%) of the 98 were noncompliant. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) concentrations of 919.04 ± 1,081.30 ppb (LOQ) and 1,410.57 ± 108.89 ppb (MRL) were obtained. Maduramicin was detected in 27 (27.6%) of 98 chicken livers, and 19 (19.4%) of 98 were noncompliant. The mean ± SD for LOQ was 117.96 ± 84.56 ppb, and MRL was 153.21 ± 76.29 ppb. The concentrations of residues of doxycycline and maduramicin in chicken livers varied significantly across townships. Lasalocid was found in 31 (31.6%) of 98 samples, of which 5 (5.1%) had concentrations above the MRL. The mean ± SD concentration of lasalocid was 62.90 ± 170.84 ppb for samples in which lasalocid was quantified and 310.16 ± 356.68 ppb for noncompliant samples. Detectable concentrations of praziquantel, closantel, and rafoxanide (anthelmintics) residues were found in 3 (3.1%), 1 (1.0%), and 2 (2.0%) of 98 chicken livers, respectively. The presence of residues of three classes of veterinary drugs in chicken livers poses food safety implications to consumers and indicates a need for enhanced regulatory enforcement in controlling these drugs in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun A Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
- (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Folorunso O Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
- Food and Agriculture Organization-ECTAD, House H SIDA, Ali Hassan Mwinyi Road, Ada Estate, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3088-8752 [F.O.F.])
| | - Ovokeroye A Abafe
- Chemical and Drug Residue Analysis Laboratory, Public Health and Zoonoses Programme, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Soutpan Road (M35), Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-6463 [O.A.A.])
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 4041; and
| | - Malesedi Mokgoatlheng-Mamogobo
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
- Poultry Disease Management Agency, South African Poultry Association (SAPA), 1494 Cranberry Street, Honeydew, Randburg, 2170, South Africa
| | - Oluwatola Adigun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Thelma Mokgophi
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Matshie Phosa
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Ziyanda Majokweni
- Poultry Disease Management Agency, South African Poultry Association (SAPA), 1494 Cranberry Street, Honeydew, Randburg, 2170, South Africa
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Knych HK, Magdesian KG. Equine antimicrobial therapy: Current and past issues facing practitioners. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:270-279. [PMID: 33650183 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Equine antimicrobial therapy has advanced over time with the availability of increasing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in horses, allowing for greater evidence-based clinical decision-making. However, many challenges to optimal antimicrobial therapy remain and further research is needed to address these areas. There are a limited number of approved antimicrobials for use in horses, which creates a need for compounded preparations for clinicians. Extra-label drug use is commonplace in equine practice, which warrants continual education of veterinarians about policies and updates. Performance and competitive horses have their own unique concerns when it comes to antimicrobial use and drug testing. In keeping with the use of a broader range of antimicrobials over time, antimicrobial resistance is emerging as an important issue facing veterinary medicine, including equine practice. Another challenge is that of drug interactions and adverse drug events for which there are little scientific data available for horses, especially for critically important diseases such as Rhodococcus equi infection. Finally, much progress has been made in the availability of equine-specific antimicrobial susceptibility break points. These aid clinicians in interpreting culture and susceptibility results and antimicrobial selection. Even with these advances, continuing education and further research are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Knych
- Kenneth L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - K Gary Magdesian
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Wangrangsimakul T, Phuklia W, Newton PN, Richards AL, Day NPJ. Scrub Typhus and the Misconception of Doxycycline Resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:2444-2449. [PMID: 31570937 PMCID: PMC7245148 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrub typhus, a neglected infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a major cause of fever across the Asia Pacific region with more than a billion people at risk. Treatment with antibiotics such as doxycycline or chloramphenicol is effective for the majority of patients. In the 1990s, reports from northern Thailand raised a troubling observation; some scrub typhus patients responded poorly to doxycycline, which investigators attributed to doxycycline resistance. Despite the controversial nature of these reports, independent verification was neglected, with subsequent studies speculating on the role of doxycycline resistance in contributing to failure of treatment or prophylaxis. In this review, we have outlined the evidence for drug-resistant Orientia tsutsugamushi, assessed the evidence for doxycycline resistance, and highlight more recent findings unsupportive of doxycycline resistance. We conclude that doxycycline resistance is a misconception, with treatment outcome likely to be determined by other bacterial, host, and pharmacological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Wangrangsimakul
- Mahidol -Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Weerawat Phuklia
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Paul N Newton
- Mahidol -Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Allen L Richards
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol -Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Tekeli IO, Turk E, Durna Corum D, Corum O, Kirgiz FC, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and tissue residues of doxycycline in Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica) after oral administration. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:2082-2092. [PMID: 33066710 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1825827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the bioavailability, tissue residue and withdrawal time of doxycycline after oral administration in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Japanese quails received doxycycline at 20 mg/kg dose following either single intravenous or oral administration, or 5-day oral administration. Doxycycline concentrations in plasma, liver, kidney, muscle, and skin + fat were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The Withdrawal Time v1.4 software was used to calculate withdrawal times. Following single oral administration, terminal elimination half-life, area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinitive time, peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to reach Cmax were 10.98 h, 215.84 (h*µg)/mL, 15.33 μg/mL, and 2 h, respectively. The oral bioavailability was 25.84% in quails. In this study, the mean doxycycline concentration was below the maximum residue limit (MRL) at day 4 in skin + fat (0.120 µg/g), and at day 5 in kidney (0.41 µg/g), liver (0.26 µg/g), and muscle (<0.05 µg/g lowest limit of quantification). The highest concentrations of doxycycline after 5-day oral administration were found in kidney compared with other tissues and plasma. These results indicate that the withdrawal times required for doxycycline to reach concentrations <MRLs after 5-day oral administration at 20 mg/kg dose in Japanese quail are 6 days in Europe and China and 9 days in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal , Hatay, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Turk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal , Hatay, Turkey
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu , Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu , Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ceren Kirgiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal , Hatay, Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk , Konya, Turkey
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Effects of Single and Repeated Doses on Disposition and Kinetics of Doxycycline Hyclate in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061088. [PMID: 32599703 PMCID: PMC7341317 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Doxycycline is used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, salmonellosis, and colibacillosis in goats. In goats, the single intravenous and intramuscular pharmacokinetics of doxycycline are known. However, there is no information regarding oral pharmacokinetics. This study aims to determine the single and repeated pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and accumulation of doxycycline hyclate. Although doxycycline hyclate exhibited low intramuscular and oral bioavailability, its oral administration with favorable properties such as weak accumulation, wide distribution volume and long elimination half-life can be useful in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible pathogens in goats. Abstract The aims of this study in goats were to determine the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline hyclate following single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral administrations of 20 mg/kg and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and accumulation of doxycycline hyclate after repeated oral administrations at a 20 mg/kg dose every 24 h for 5 days. Six healthy male goats were used for the study. The study was performed in four periods according to a longitudinal study with a 15-day washout period. Plasma concentrations of doxycycline were determined using HPLC-UV and analyzed by a non-compartmental method. IM injection of doxycycline caused swelling and pain due to irritation in the injection site. After IM and oral administrations, terminal elimination half-life (t1/2λz) and mean residence time (MRT) were prolonged and areas under the curve (AUCs) were low. The mean bioavailability of IM and oral administration was 51.51% and 31.39%, respectively. Following repeated oral administration, the accumulation ratio of doxycycline was 1.76. Pharmacokinetic properties including weak accumulation, wide distribution volume and long elimination half-life can make doxycycline hyclate valuable for repeated use via an oral route in the treatment of some infectious diseases in goats. However, the determination of pharmacodynamic effects on susceptible pathogens isolated from goats is also necessary to confirm the drug dosage regimen.
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Tissue Distribution of Doxycycline in Animal Models of Tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02479-19. [PMID: 32041718 PMCID: PMC7179585 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02479-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline, an FDA-approved tetracycline, is used in tuberculosis in vivo models for the temporal control of mycobacterial gene expression. In these models, animals are infected with recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis carrying genes of interest under transcriptional control of the doxycycline-responsive TetR-tetO unit. To minimize fluctuations of plasma levels, doxycycline is usually administered in the diet. However, tissue penetration studies to identify the minimum doxycycline content in food achieving complete repression of TetR-controlled genes in tuberculosis (TB)-infected organs and lesions have not been conducted. Doxycycline, an FDA-approved tetracycline, is used in tuberculosis in vivo models for the temporal control of mycobacterial gene expression. In these models, animals are infected with recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis carrying genes of interest under transcriptional control of the doxycycline-responsive TetR-tetO unit. To minimize fluctuations of plasma levels, doxycycline is usually administered in the diet. However, tissue penetration studies to identify the minimum doxycycline content in food achieving complete repression of TetR-controlled genes in tuberculosis (TB)-infected organs and lesions have not been conducted. Here, we first determined the tetracycline concentrations required to achieve silencing of M. tuberculosis target genes in vitro. Next, we measured doxycycline concentrations in plasma, major organs, and lung lesions in TB-infected mice and rabbits and compared these values to silencing concentrations measured in vitro. We found that 2,000 ppm doxycycline supplemented in mouse and rabbit feed is sufficient to reach target concentrations in TB lesions. In rabbit chow, the calcium content had to be reduced 5-fold to minimize chelation of doxycycline and deliver adequate oral bioavailability. Clearance kinetics from major organs and lung lesions revealed that doxycycline levels fall below concentrations that repress tet promoters within 7 to 14 days after doxycycline is removed from the diet. In summary, we have shown that 2,000 ppm doxycycline supplemented in standard mouse diet and in low-calcium rabbit diet delivers concentrations adequate to achieve full repression of tet promoters in infected tissues of mice and rabbits.
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18
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Estell K, Knych H, Patel T, Edman J, Magdesian K. Pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of chloramphenicol in fed adult horses. Vet J 2020; 257:105446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ferdous MRA, Ahmed MR, Khan SH, Mukta MA, Anika TT, Hossain MT, Islam MZ, Rafiq K. Effect of discriminate and indiscriminate use of oxytetracycline on residual status in broiler soft tissues. Vet World 2020; 13:61-67. [PMID: 32158152 PMCID: PMC7020117 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.61-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of discriminate and indiscriminate use of oxytetracycline on hematological parameters, residual status in soft tissue of broiler and of thermal effect on oxytetracycline residual status. Materials and Methods: Eighteen, day-old male broiler chickens were purchased and were divided into three different groups (control group, discriminate group, and indiscriminate group). The control group received no antibiotics. The discriminate group received oxytetracycline 1 g/L drinking water for 5 consecutive days, and 10 days’ withdrawal period was maintained before sacrifice. The indiscriminate group received oxytetracycline 1 g/L drinking water till the sacrificed day. Blood samples were collected before sacrificing for hematological analysis. After sacrificing liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle samples were collected for analysis of oxytetracycline residues in raw soft tissues. Since meat is used to cook by traditional method in Bangladesh before consumption that is why positive meat samples were cooked by traditional cooking method to evaluate the thermal effect on oxytetracycline residual status as well. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was done for screening of oxytetracycline residues in soft tissues. Results: Mean differences of total erythrocyte count (million/mm3), hemoglobin estimation (gm%), and packed cell volume (%) estimation were not statistically significant among the groups. TLC analysis of raw samples showed 100% positive results of all samples collected from the indiscriminate group. In contrast, samples collected from the discriminate group were negative for oxytetracycline residues. In the control group, all samples were negative for oxytetracycline residue. There was a significant (p<0.05) relationship of oxytetracycline residues among three different groups for liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle samples. Positive liver and muscle samples from the indiscriminate group were subjected to thermal treatment by traditional cooking method of Bangladesh. Oxytetracycline residues had found in cooked meat, liver, and juice part, suggesting that antibiotic residues disseminated to juice part from flesh part after cooking. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that proper maintenance of withdrawal period would minimize oxytetracycline residues in broiler soft tissues, whereas antibiotics retained in soft tissues of broiler in case of indiscriminate use. Traditional cooking does not change oxytetracycline residual status in edible tissues. Therefore, awareness regarding the proper maintenance of withdrawal period after antibiotic treatment of broiler is one of the best strategies which may positively reduce the risk of antimicrobial drugs residue in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most Rifat Ara Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Raju Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sayekul Hasan Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mufsana Akter Mukta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnia Tabassum Anika
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tarek Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahorul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
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Lopp CT, McCoy AM, Boothe D, Schaeffer DJ, Lascola K. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of orally and rectally administered misoprostol in adult horses. Am J Vet Res 2020; 80:1026-1033. [PMID: 31644339 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.11.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the pharmacokinetics of a clinically relevant dose of misoprostol administered PO or per rectum (PR) to horses. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES In a randomized 3-way crossover design, horses received a single dose of misoprostol (5 μg/kg) administered PO (with horses fed and unfed) and PR, with a minimum 3-week washout period separating the experimental conditions. Blood samples were obtained before and at various points after drug administration (total, 24 hours), and plasma concentrations of misoprostol free acid were measured. RESULTS Mean maximum plasma concentration of misoprostol was significantly higher in the PR condition (mean ± SD, 967 ± 492 pg/mL) and unfed PO condition (655 ± 259 pg/mL) than in the fed PO condition (352 ± 109 pg/mL). Mean area under the concentration-versus-time curve was significantly lower in the PR condition (219 ± 131 pg•h/mL) than in the unfed (1,072 ± 360 pg•h/mL) and fed (518 ± 301 pg•h/mL) PO conditions. Mean time to maximum concentration was ≤ 30 minutes for all conditions. Mean disappearance half-life was shortest in the PR condition (21 ± 29 minutes), compared with values for the unfed (170 ± 129 minutes) and fed (119 ± 51 minutes) PO conditions. No adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Misoprostol was rapidly absorbed and eliminated regardless of whether administered PO or PR to horses. Rectal administration may be a viable alternative for horses that cannot receive misoprostol PO, but this route may require more frequent administration to maintain therapeutic drug concentrations.
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21
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Gilbertie JM, Davis JL, Davidson GS, McDonald AM, Schirmer JM, Schnabel LV. Oral reserpine administration in horses results in low plasma concentrations that alter platelet biology. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:537-543. [PMID: 30465727 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reserpine is a popular drug in the equine industry for long-term tranquilisation. Clinical observations revealed that blood from horses receiving oral reserpine was hypercoagulable. No studies have documented the pharmacokinetics of orally administered reserpine nor the effects of reserpine on platelets in horses. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of oral reserpine in horses and the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of reserpine on platelet functionality in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Experimental controlled study. METHODS The pharmacokinetics of oral reserpine (2.5 mg/horse, once) were determined in six healthy adult horses. Plasma samples were collected and concentrations of reserpine were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Using this data, the in vitro effects of reserpine on platelets were examined. Aggregation, adhesion and releasate assays for serotonin and thromboxane B2 were performed on platelets exposed to varying concentrations of reserpine (0.01-10 ng/mL), aspirin (negative control) and saline (unexposed control). RESULTS Oral reserpine administration demonstrated low plasma concentrations with a Cmax of 0.2 ± 0.06 ng/mL and a prolonged half-life of 23.6 ± 6.24 h. Simulations over a dose range of 2-8 μg/kg predicted Cmax at steady state between 0.06-0.9 ng/mL. Platelets exposed to these reserpine concentrations in vitro displayed increased aggregation and adhesion compared to unexposed or aspirin-exposed platelets as well as compared to higher concentrations of reserpine. These functional changes correlated with lower concentrations of serotonin and higher concentrations of thromboxane B2 in the platelet suspension supernatant. MAIN LIMITATIONS This study used a small number of horses and only in vitro platelet experiments. CONCLUSIONS Oral reserpine demonstrates low plasma concentrations and a prolonged half-life in horses. At these concentrations, reserpine causes significant changes in platelet function, most likely due to serotonin release and re-uptake which primes platelets for activation and thromboxane B2 release. These findings suggest that clinicians should harvest blood for biological processing prior to the onset of reserpine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gilbertie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - J L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - G S Davidson
- Clinical Pharmacy Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - A M McDonald
- Clinical Pharmacy Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - J M Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - L V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Lucchetti J, Fracasso C, Balducci C, Passoni A, Forloni G, Salmona M, Gobbi M. Plasma and Brain Concentrations of Doxycycline after Single and Repeated Doses in Wild-Type and APP23 Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:32-40. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Given the variable clinical signs attributed to Borrelia burgdorferi, including infectious arthritis, neurologic disease, and behavioral changes, B burgdorferi is an important differential for decreased performance in sport horses. The primary vectors (Ixodes tick species) are expanding their range and thus Borrelia species are located in a wider area, making exposure more likely. Due to regionally high seroprevalence and vague clinical signs, diagnosis of Lyme disease in the horse is believed overestimated. Antibiotics are first-line treatment of confirmed Lyme disease. A single positive serologic test, by itself, is not conformation of Lyme disease but is evidence of current or past infection.
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Mzyk DA, Bublitz CM, Sylvester H, Mullen KAE, Hobgood GD, Baynes RE, Foster DM. Short communication: Use of an ultrafiltration device in gland cistern for continuous sampling of healthy and mastitic quarters of lactating cattle for pharmacokinetic modeling. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10414-10420. [PMID: 30197136 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic studies of the drugs in the milk are often limited due to infrequent sampling associated with milking. Alternatively, frequent sample collection with repeated milking may increase drug elimination. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of continuously sampling the udder using ultrafiltration. An ultrafiltration probe was placed into the gland cisterns through mammary parenchyma of normal and mastitic quarters of 6 mature mid-lactation Jersey cows with naturally occurring subclinical mastitis. An ultrafiltration probe was secured to the caudal or lateral aspect of the udder depending on the quarter being sampled. The timed interval samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 28, 32, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h after drug administration. Plasma samples were collected at the same time points. Each cow received 2.2 mg/kg of flunixin intravenously before milking at time 0. All cows were routinely milked by machine every 12 h. Flunixin concentrations in plasma, whole milk, and milk ultrafiltrates were analyzed by use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. We found no significant effects on the appearance of the milk or the ability to milk the cows after implantation of the ultrafiltration probes. The concentration of flunixin collected from the ultrafiltration probes in the mastitic quarters tended to be greater than that of the healthy quarters. We concluded that collection of ultrafiltration samples from the mammary gland of cows provides a viable means to continuously assess drug concentrations in the milk while continuing to milk the cow normally. This study demonstrates the utility of continuous sampling of milk via ultrafiltration for future pharmacokinetic studies in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Mzyk
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Depletion Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27695
| | - C M Bublitz
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Depletion Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27695
| | - H Sylvester
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Depletion Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27695
| | - K A E Mullen
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - G D Hobgood
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Depletion Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27695
| | - R E Baynes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Depletion Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27695
| | - D M Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Depletion Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27695.
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De Mil T, Devreese M, Maes A, De Saeger S, De Backer P, Croubels S. Influence of mycotoxin binders on the oral bioavailability of tylosin, doxycycline, diclazuril, and salinomycin in fed broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2137-2144. [PMID: 28160001 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of mycotoxins in broiler feed can have deleterious effects on the wellbeing of the animals and their performance. Mycotoxin binders are feed additives that aim to adsorb mycotoxins in the intestinal tract and thereby prevent the oral absorption of the mycotoxin. The simultaneous administration of coccidiostats and/or antimicrobials with mycotoxin binders might lead to a reduced oral bioavailability of these veterinary medicinal products. This paper describes the influence of 3 mycotoxin binders (i.e., clay 1 containing montmorillonite, mica, and feldspars; clay 2 containing montmorillonite and quartz; and yeast 1 being a modified glucomannan fraction of inactivated yeast cells) and activated carbon on the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of the antimicrobials doxycycline and tylosin, and the coccidiostats diclazuril and salinomycin. A feeding study with 40 15 day-old broilers was performed evaluating the effects of long-term feeding 2 g mycotoxin binder/kg of feed. The birds were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 birds each, i.e., a control group receiving no binder and 4 test groups receiving either clay 1, clay 2, yeast 1, or activated carbon mixed in the feed. After 15 d of feeding, both the control and each test group were administered doxycycline, tylosin, diclazuril, and salinomycin, consecutively, respecting a wash-out period of 2 to 3 d between each administration. The 4 medicinal products were dosed using a single bolus administration directly in the crop. After each bolus administration, blood was collected for plasma analysis and calculation of the main pharmacokinetic parameters and relative oral bioavailability (F = area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-8 h) in the test groups/AUC0-8 h in the control group)*100). No effects were observed of any of the mycotoxin binders on the relative oral bioavailability of the coccidiostats (i.e., F between 82 and 101% and 79 and 93% for diclazuril and salinomycin, respectively). Also, no significant effects could be noticed of any of the mycotoxin binders on the relative oral bioavailability of the antimicrobials doxycycline and tylosin (i.e., F between 67 and 83% and between 43 and 104%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- T De Mil
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Maes
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S De Saeger
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P De Backer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Zhang L, Li Y, Wang Y, Sajid A, Ahmed S, Li X. Integration of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic for dose optimization of doxycycline against Haemophilus parasuis in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:706-718. [PMID: 29696661 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to establish optimal doses of doxycycline (dox) against Haemophilus parasuis on the basis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) integration modeling. The infected model was established by intranasal inoculation of organism in pigs and confirmed by clinical signs, blood biochemistry, and microscopic examinations. The recommended dose (20 mg/kg b.w.) was administered in pigs through intramuscular routes for PK studies. The area under the concentration 0- to 24-hr curve (AUC0-24 ), elimination half-life (T½ke ), and mean residence time (MRT) of dox in healthy and H. parasuis-infected pigs were 55.51 ± 5.72 versus 57.10 ± 4.89 μg·hr/ml, 8.28 ± 0.91 versus 9.80 ± 2.38 hr, and 8.43 ± 0.27 versus 8.79 ± 0.18 hr, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dox against 40 H. parasuis isolates was conducted through broth microdilution method, the corresponding MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.25 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. The Ex vivo growth inhibition data suggested that dox exhibited a concentration-dependent killing mechanism. Based on the observed AUC24 hr /MIC values by modeling PK-PD data in H. parasuis-infected pigs, the doses predicted to obtain bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects for H. parasuis over 24 hr were 5.25, 8.55, and 10.37 mg/kg for the 50% target attainment rate (TAR), and 7.26, 13.82, and 18.17 mg/kg for 90% TAR, respectively. This study provided a more optimized alternative for clinical use and demonstrated that the dosage 20 mg/kg of dox by intramuscular administration could have an effective bactericidal activity against H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - A Sajid
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Li
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China
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Ramatla T, Ngoma L, Adetunji M, Mwanza M. Evaluation of Antibiotic Residues in Raw Meat Using Different Analytical Methods. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:E34. [PMID: 29215578 PMCID: PMC5745477 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic residue in meat is a serious public health concern due to its harmful effects on consumer health. This study aimed at estimating the residue levels of four commonly used antibiotics in meat samples using three analytical methods (ELISA, TLC and HPLC). A total of 150 samples of raw meat from sales points were analysed for ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulphanilamide residues. Overall, ELISA analysis showed that 56, 34, 18, and 25.3% of the samples tested positive for ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, sulphanilamide and tetracycline residues respectively while TLC and HPLC detected 21.4, 29.4, 92.5, and 14.6%, and 8.3, 41.1, 88.8, and 14.6% of the samples as containing the residues, with ciprofloxacin and sulphanilamide having the lowest and highest occurrence, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of antibiotic residues were in the ranges of 19.8-92.8, 26.6-489.1, 14.2-1280.8, and 42.6-355.6 μg/kg with ELISA, while HPLC detected concentration ranges of 20.7-82.1, 41.8-320.8, 65.2-952.2 and 32.8-95.6 μg/kg for sulphanilamide, tetracycline, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Mean ciprofloxacin and streptomycin residue levels were above the Codex/SA MRL recommended limit, while 3% of the samples contained multidrug residues. Although some of the mean residues levels were below the permissible limits, the co-occurrence of multidrug residues in some of the samples calls for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Lubanza Ngoma
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
- Food Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Modupeade Adetunji
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
- Food Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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Echeverria KO, Lascola KM, Giguère S, Foreman JH, Austin SA. Pulmonary disposition and pharmacokinetics of minocycline in adult horses. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:1319-1328. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.11.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Caol S, Divers T, Crisman M, Chang YF. In vitro susceptibility of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates to three antibiotics commonly used for treating equine Lyme disease. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:293. [PMID: 28962614 PMCID: PMC5622483 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lyme disease in humans is predominantly treated with tetracycline, macrolides or beta lactam antibiotics that have low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Borrelia burgdorferi. Horses with Lyme disease may require long-term treatment making frequent intravenous or intramuscular treatment difficult and when administered orally those drugs may have either a high incidence of side effects or have poor bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of three B. burgdorferi isolates to three antibiotics of different classes that are commonly used in practice for treating Borrelia infections in horses. Results Broth microdilution assays were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of three antibiotics (ceftiofur sodium, minocycline and metronidazole), for three Borrelia burgdorferi isolates. Barbour-Stoner-Kelly (BSK K + R) medium with a final inoculum of 106Borrelia cells/mL and incubation periods of 72 h were used in the determination of MICs. Observed MICs indicated that all isolates had similar susceptibility to each drug but susceptibility to the tested antimicrobial agents varied; ceftiofur sodium (MIC = 0.08 μg/ml), minocycline hydrochloride (MIC = 0.8 μg/ml) and metronidazole (MIC = 50 μg/ml). Conclusions The MIC against B. burgorferi varied among the three antibiotics with ceftiofur having the lowest MIC and metronidazole the highest MIC. The MIC values observed for ceftiofur in the study fall within the range of reported serum and tissue concentrations for the drug metabolite following ceftiofur sodium administration as crystalline-free acid. Minocycline and metronidazole treatments, as currently used in equine practice, could fall short of attaining MIC concentrations for B. burgdorferi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjie Caol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Currently Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Thomas Divers
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Mark Crisman
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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30
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Echeverria KO, Lascola KM, Giguère S, Foreman JH. Effect of feeding on the pharmacokinetics of oral minocycline in healthy adult horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:e53-e56. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. O. Echeverria
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
| | - K. M. Lascola
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
| | - S. Giguère
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - J. H. Foreman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL USA
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31
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Monk CS, Jeong SY, Gibson DJ, Plummer CE. The presence of minocycline in the tear film of normal horses following oral administration and its anticollagenase activity. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:58-65. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Monk
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Sun Young Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics; Shands School of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Daniel James Gibson
- Department of Obstetrics; Shands School of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Caryn E. Plummer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine; Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine; Gainesville FL USA
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32
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Giguère S, Burton AJ, Berghaus LJ, Haspel AD. Comparative pharmacokinetics of minocycline in foals and adult horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:335-341. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Giguère
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - A. J. Burton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - L. J. Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - A. D. Haspel
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
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33
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Collins SP, Labelle AL, Dirikolu L, Li Z, Mitchell MA, Hamor RE. Tear film concentrations of doxycycline following oral administration in ophthalmologically normal dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:508-14. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.5.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Mzyk DA, Baynes RE, Messenger KM, Martinez M, Smith GW. Pharmacokinetics and distribution in interstitial and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of danofloxacin in ruminant and preruminant calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:179-191. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Mzyk
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance; Depletion Program; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - R. E. Baynes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance; Depletion Program; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - K. M. Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - M. Martinez
- US Food and Drug Administration; Center for Veterinary Medicine; Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation; Rockville MD USA
| | - G. W. Smith
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance; Depletion Program; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
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35
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Doughty MJ. On the prescribing of oral doxycycline or minocycline by UK optometrists as part of management of chronic Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD). Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Estell KE, Young A, Kozikowski T, Swain EA, Byrne BA, Reilly CM, Kass PH, Aleman M. Pneumonia Caused by Klebsiella spp. in 46 Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:314-21. [PMID: 26492860 PMCID: PMC4913652 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella spp. are implicated as a common cause of bacterial pneumonia in horses, but few reports describe clinical presentation and disease progression. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To describe the signalment, clinicopathologic data, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings, antimicrobial susceptibility, outcome, and pathologic lesions associated with Klebsiella spp. pneumonia in horses. ANIMALS Forty-six horses from which Klebsiella spp. was isolated from the lower respiratory tract. METHODS Retrospective study. Medical records from 1993 to 2013 at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis were reviewed. Exact logistic regression was performed to determine if any variables were associated with survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS Survival in horses <1 year old was 73%. Overall survival in adults was 63%. For adults in which Klebsiella pneumoniae was the primary isolate, survival was 52%. Mechanical ventilation preceded development of pneumonia in 11 horses. Complications occurred in 25/46 horses, with thrombophlebitis and laminitis occurring most frequently. Multi-drug resistance was found in 47% of bacterial isolates. Variables that significantly impacted survival included hemorrhagic nasal discharge, laminitis, and thoracic radiographs with a sharp demarcation between marked caudal pulmonary alveolar infiltration and more normal-appearing caudodorsal lung. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Klebsiella spp. should be considered as a differential diagnosis for horses presenting with hemorrhagic pneumonia and for horses developing pneumonia after mechanical ventilation. Multi-drug resistance is common. Prognosis for survival generally is fair, but is guarded for adult horses in which K. pneumoniae is isolated as the primary organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Estell
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - A Young
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - T Kozikowski
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - E A Swain
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - B A Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - C M Reilly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - P H Kass
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - M Aleman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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37
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Afonso T, Giguère S, Rapoport G, Barton MH, Coleman AE. Cardiovascular effects of pimobendan in healthy mature horses. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:352-6. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Afonso
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens USA
| | - S. Giguère
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens USA
| | - G. Rapoport
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens USA
| | - M. H. Barton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens USA
| | - A. E. Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens USA
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- S. D. White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis USA
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39
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Warren CD, Prange T, Campbell NB, Gerard MP, Martin LG, Jacob ME, Smith GW, Papich MG, Foster DM. Implantation of an ultrafiltration device in the ileum and spiral colon of steers to continuously collect intestinal fluid. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:611-5. [PMID: 25468800 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Collection of fluid from the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is commonly necessary for research projects, but presents challenges including intestinal motility and potential for leakage of intestinal contents. In this study, ultrafiltration collection devices were surgically implanted in the ileum and spiral colon of 12 steers for repeated collection of intestinal fluid over 48 hours. There were no significant complications associated with surgery or during the post-operative period, nor were there any significant pathologic changes found at necropsy 3 or 4 days post-surgery. Over 48 hours, we obtained 88% of the desired 212 samples. Only two devices failed to routinely collect samples. Use of ultrafiltration probes is a novel, consistent and humane method to repeatedly sample the gastrointestinal contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea D Warren
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Timo Prange
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Nigel B Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Mat P Gerard
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Luke G Martin
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Megan E Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Geof W Smith
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Mark G Papich
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Derek M Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
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40
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Underwood C, Collins SN, van Eps AW, Allavena RE, Medina-Torres CE, Pollitt CC. Ultrafiltration of equine digital lamellar tissue. Vet J 2014; 202:314-22. [PMID: 25439438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There are no experimentally validated pharmacological means of preventing laminitis; however, locally acting pharmaceutical agents with the potential to prevent laminitis have been identified. Demonstrating therapeutic drug concentrations in lamellar tissue is essential for evaluating the efficacy of these agents. The aim of this study was to develop an experimental technique for repeatedly sampling lamellar interstitial fluid. A technique for placing ultrafiltration probes was developed in vitro using 15 cadaver limbs. Subsequently, lamellar ultrafiltration probes were placed in one forelimb in six living horses. Interstitial fluid was collected continuously from the probes as ultrafiltrate for 4 (n = 4) or 14 days (n = 2). The rate of ultrafiltrate collection was calculated every 12 h. Biochemical analyses were performed on ultrafiltrate collected on night 1 (12-24 h post-implantation) and night 4 (84-96 h post-implantation). Sections surrounding the probe and control tissue from the contralateral limb were harvested, stained with H&E and Masson's trichrome and scored based on the tissue response to the probe. Ultrafiltration probes were placed in the lamellar tissue in all six horses. Ultrafiltrate was collected from these probes at 55 (30-63) μL/h (median [interquartile range]). Fluid production decreased significantly with time from night 3 onwards (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the constituents of the ultrafiltrate between nights 1 and 4 (P > 0.05). The technique was well tolerated. This study demonstrates that ultrafiltration can be used to sample equine digital lamellar interstitial fluid, and has potential for measuring lamellar drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Underwood
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia.
| | - Simon N Collins
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Andrew W van Eps
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Rachel E Allavena
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Carlos E Medina-Torres
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
| | - Christopher C Pollitt
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
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Sampieri F, Allen AL, Alcorn J, Clark CR, Vannucci FA, Pusterla N, Mapes SM, Ball KR, Dowling PM, Thompson J, Bernstein LR, Gebhart CJ, Hamilton DL. Efficacy of gallium maltolate against Lawsonia intracellularis
infection in a rabbit model. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:571-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Sampieri
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - A. L. Allen
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - J. Alcorn
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - C. R. Clark
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - F. A. Vannucci
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN USA
| | - N. Pusterla
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - S. M. Mapes
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - K. R. Ball
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - P. M. Dowling
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | | | | | - C. J. Gebhart
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN USA
| | - D. L. Hamilton
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
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42
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Yang F, Li ZL, Shan Q, Zeng ZL. Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Oreochromis niloticus) after intravenous and oral administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:388-93. [PMID: 24479741 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline was studied in plasma after a single dose (20 mg/kg) of intravenous or oral administration to tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Oreochromis niloticus) reared in fresh water at 24 °C. Plasma samples were collected from six fish per sampling point. Doxycycline concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a 0.005 μg/mL limit of detection, then were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. Following oral administration, the double-peak phenomenon was observed, and the first (Cmax1 ) and second (Cmax2) peaks were 1.99 ± 0.43 μg/mL at 2.0 h and 2.27 ± 0.38 μg/mL at 24.0 h, respectively. After the intravenous injection, a Cmax2 (12.12 ± 1.97 μg/mL) was also observed, and initial concentration of 45.76 μg/mL, apparent elimination rate constant (λz) of 0.018 per h, apparent elimination half-life (t1/2λz) of 39.0 h, systemic total body clearance (Cl) of 41.28 mL/h/kg, volume of distribution (Vz) of 2323.21 mL/kg, and volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) of 1356.69 mL/kg were determined, respectively. While after oral administration, the λz, t1/2λz, and bioavailability of doxycycline were 0.009 per h, 77.2 h, and 23.41%, respectively. It was shown that doxycycline was relatively slowly and incompletely absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in tilapia, in addition, doxycycline might undergo enterohepatic recycling in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Papich MG, Davidson GS, Fortier LA. Doxycycline concentration over time after storage in a compounded veterinary preparation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 242:1674-8. [PMID: 23725430 DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.12.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the concentration of doxycycline compounded from doxycycline hyclate tablets into liquid formulations for oral administration in veterinary species and stored for 28 days. DESIGN Evaluation study. SAMPLE Doxycycline hyclate tablets (100 mg) crushed and mixed with a 50:50 mixture of syrup and suspension vehicles for oral administration to produce 3 batches each of 2 doxycycline formulations: 33.3 and 166.7 mg/mL. PROCEDURES Formulations were stored, protected from light, at room temperature (22° to 26°C [71.6° to 78.8°F]) and at a controlled cold temperature (refrigerated 2° to 8°C [35.6° to 46.4°F]). Doxycycline was extracted from the formulations, and concentration was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography on days 0 (date of preparation), 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Concentrations were compared with those of a US Pharmacopeial Convention reference standard. Formulation quality at each point was also assessed through color change, formulation consistency, and suspension uniformity. RESULTS On days 0, 1, 4, and 7, the concentration of each formulation was within 90% to 110% of the reference standard (range, 93% to 109%), which was deemed acceptable. However, doxycycline concentrations had decreased dramatically by day 14 and remained low for the duration of the study period. Doxycycline concentrations on days 14, 21, and 28 were all < 20% (range, 14% to 18%) of the reference standard, and the quality of the formulations decreased as well. No effect of storage temperatures on doxycycline concentration was identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The concentration of doxycycline, compounded from commercial tablets in the vehicles evaluated to yield doses of 33.3 and 166.7 mg/mL, cannot be assured beyond 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Papich
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Maher MC, Schnabel LV, Cross JA, Papich MG, Divers TJ, Fortier LA. Plasma and synovial fluid concentration of doxycycline following low-dose, low-frequency administration, and resultant inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-13 from interleukin-stimulated equine synoviocytes. Equine Vet J 2013; 46:198-202. [PMID: 23855565 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR STUDY To determine whether low-dose, low-frequency doxycycline administration is capable of achieving chondroprotective concentrations within synovial fluid (SF) while remaining below minimum inhibitory concentration 90 (MIC90 ) of most equine pathogens and would be an option in the management of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVES To determine whether low-dose, low-frequency oral administration of doxycycline can attain in vivo SF concentrations capable of chondroprotective effects through reduction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 activity, while remaining below MIC90 of most equine pathogens. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive pharmacokinetic study with crossover design. METHODS Two groups of 6 horses received oral doxycycline. Plasma and SF doxycycline concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Group 1 received 5 mg/kg bwt q. 24 h with 21 blood and 8 SF samples collected over 120 h; Group 2 received 5 mg/kg bwt q. 48 h with 27 blood and 11 SF samples collected over 192 h. Cultured synoviocytes were treated with interleukin-1α (1 ng/ml) for 24 h to stimulate MMP synthesis, and then SF was added to the culture medium for 96 h. MMP-13 protein and mRNA were measured in synoviocyte culture medium and synoviocytes, respectively. RESULTS Mean doxycycline concentration ≥0.043 μg/ml (previously demonstrated to inhibit MMP-13) was achieved in plasma by t = 0.25 h and SF by t = 48 h in Group 1, and in plasma by t = 0.17 h and SF by t = 1 h in Group 2. Synoviocyte culture medium containing doxycycline from Groups 1 and 2 had significantly decreased active MMP-13 protein concentration, and synoviocytes cultured in this medium had significantly decreased MMP-13 gene expression compared to controls. Plasma doxycycline concentration in both groups and SF doxycycline concentration in Group 2 demonstrated a cumulative effect. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose orally administered doxycycline achieves SF concentrations in vivo capable of diminishing MMP-13 expression. This study supports the use of doxycycline as a disease modifying osteoarthritic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Maher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA
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Freeman KS, Thomasy SM, Stanley SD, Van Bonn W, Gulland F, Friedlaender AS, Maggs DJ. Population pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in the tears and plasma of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) following oral drug administration. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243:1170-8. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.8.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fugler LA, Eades SC, Moore RM, Koch CE, Keowen ML. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase activity in horses after intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide and treatment with matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:473-80. [PMID: 23438126 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.3.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an in vivo method for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 induction in horses via IV administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to evaluate the ability of doxycycline, oxytetracycline, flunixin meglumine, and pentoxifylline to inhibit equine MMP-2 and MMP-9 production. ANIMALS 29 adult horses of various ages and breeds and either sex. PROCEDURES In part 1, horses received an IV administration of LPS (n = 5) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (5). Venous blood samples were collected before and at specified times for 24 hours after infusion. Plasma was harvested and analyzed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities via zymography. In part 2, horses received doxycycline (n = 5), oxytetracycline (5), flunixin meglumine (5), or pentoxifylline (4) before and for up to 12 hours after administration of LPS. Plasma was obtained and analyzed, and results were compared with results from the LPS-infused horses of part 1. RESULTS Administration of LPS significantly increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the venous circulation of horses. All MMP inhibitors significantly decreased LPS-induced increases in MMP activities but to differing degrees. Pentoxifylline and oxytetracycline appeared to be the most effective MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors, whereas doxycycline and flunixin meglumine were more effective at inhibiting MMP-2 activity than MMP-9 activity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IV administration of LPS to horses caused increased venous plasma activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These MMP activities were reduced by pentoxifylline and oxytetracycline, suggesting that further evaluation of these medications for treatment and prevention of MMP-associated diseases in horses is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ann Fugler
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Zozaya H, Gutierrez L, Bernad MJ, Sumano H. Pharmacokinetics of a peroral single dose of two long-acting formulations and an aqueous formulation of doxycycline hyclate in horses. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:21. [PMID: 23497696 PMCID: PMC3608154 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxycyline (Dox) is a semisynthetic antibacterial drug with pharmacological advantages over its parent drug (tetracycline) in the treatment of various bacterial diseases in horses. Yet, at present a horse-customized pharmaceutical formulation is not available. Based on its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) ratio, Dox is considered a time-dependent antibacterial drug and ideally expected to achieve sustained plasma drug concentrations both at or slightly above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) level for as long as possible between dosing intervals. Hence, the objective of this study was to formulate two long-acting (LA) doxycyline hyclate (Dox-h) formulations for oral administration and define their pharmacokinetics in non-fasted adult horses to obtain better bioavailability and longer mean residence time, features needed to comply better with its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) ratios. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after the oral administration of a single 10 mg/kg bolus dose of two 20% Dox-h formulations: one based on a β cyclodextrin (Dox-β) matrix and a second one on a poloxamer (Dox-pol) matrix. The results were compared with the pharmacokinetics of a single 10 mg/kg bolus oral dose of a freshly made aqueous Dox-h solution (Dox-a). Dox-pol showed the greatest values for relative bioavailability (548%); maximum serum concentration (Cmax) value was 1.3 ± 0.7 μg/mL with time to reach the Cmax (Tmax) of 5.9 ± 1.7 h, area under the curve (AUC) of 17.0 ± 2.2 μg h/ml and elimination half-life (T½ β) of 4.9 ± 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS Considering a minimal inhibitory concentration MIC of 0.25 μg/mL, clinically effective plasma concentrations might be obtained for up to 24 h administering Dox-pol. This is an oral paste formulation that might optimize the use of Dox-h in horses in terms of PK/PD ratio congruency, and it is likely that it may also improve prescription compliance due to its ease of administration.
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Castro Robles LJ, Sahagún Prieto AM, Diez Liébana MJ, Fernández Martínez N, Sierra Vega M, García Vieitez JJ. Pharmacokinetic behavior of doxycycline after intramuscular injection in sheep. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:714-8. [PMID: 22533405 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.5.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of a commercial formulation of doxycycline hyclate after IM administration of a single dose to sheep. ANIMALS 11 healthy domestic sheep. PROCEDURES For each sheep, doxycycline was administered as a single dose of 20 mg/kg, IM. Blood samples were obtained prior to and for 84 hours after doxycycline administration. Plasma concentrations of doxycycline were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed with noncompartmental methods. RESULTS Mean ± SD values for pharmacokinetic parameters included maximum plasma concentration (2.792 ± 0.791 μg/mL), time to reach maximum plasma concentration (0.856 ± 0.472 hours), mean residence time (91.1 ± 40.78 hours), elimination half-life (77.88 ± 28.45 hours), and area under the curve (65.67 ± 9.877 μg•h/mL). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that doxycycline had prolonged absorption and elimination in sheep after IM administration. A daily dose of 20 mg/kg would be sufficient to reach effective plasma concentrations against Chlamydia spp (minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.008 to 0.031 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.12 μg/mL). Doxycycline administered IM could be an option for therapeutic use in sheep, although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Castro Robles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, León, Spain
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Barr BS, Waldridge BM, Morresey PR, Reed SM, Clark C, Belgrave R, Donecker JM, Weigel DJ. Antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea in three equine referral practices. Equine Vet J 2012; 45:154-8. [PMID: 22779907 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Although antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is the most frequently observed adverse effect of antimicrobial therapy in horses, few multicentred studies on the prevalence of AAD have been performed. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of AAD in horses that developed diarrhoea after antimicrobial treatment for nondiarrhoeic conditions and identify the antimicrobials used. METHODS The 2009 database of 3 referral hospitals was searched to identify nonhospitalised horses (weanling age or older) treated with antimicrobials for nongastrointestinal conditions. Horses with these criteria that presented with diarrhoea during 2009 were included in the study. Additional information, including antimicrobial administered and results of faecal pathogen testing, was gathered on each hospitalised case. RESULTS Of the 5251 horses treated with antimicrobials for nongastrointestinal signs, 32 were diagnosed with probable AAD, a prevalence of 0.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.86%). The AAD-diagnosed horses had an 18.8% (6/32) mortality rate. Horses with AAD had been treated for an average of 4.2 days. The most frequently used antimicrobials in horses with AAD were gentamicin in combination with penicillin (n = 7), enrofloxacin (n = 7) and doxycycline (n = 4). Clostridium difficile was identified in faecal samples from 4 horses, 2 of which died and Salmonella from 3 horses. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that the prevalence of AAD is low. Any antimicrobial class commonly used in equine practice is a potential cause of equine AAD. Other risk factors, such as opportunistic enteropathogens, may play a part in the development of diarrhoea secondary to antimicrobial usage. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Although the risk of equine AAD is low, this sequela of antimicrobial treatment is possible especially when opportunistic enteropathogens or other risk factors are present. Because drugs from any antimicrobial class can be potentially involved in AAD, clinicians have additional incentive to ensure the judicious use of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Barr
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Kentucky, USA
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Lawrence CP, Fraser BSL. Septic osteitis of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones in two foals. EQUINE VET EDUC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2012.00387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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