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Yilmaz AS, Badak B, Erkasap N, Ozkurt M, Colak E. The Effect of Antioxidant Astaxanthin on Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Damage in Rats. J INVEST SURG 2023; 36:2182930. [PMID: 36871951 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2023.2182930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric ischemia is a frequently encountered disease in surgical clinics, difficult to diagnose, and very mortal if not treated. Our study investigated the effects of astaxanthin, which is known to have potent antioxidant properties and is also known to have anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS A total of 32 healthy Wistar albino female rats were used in our study. Subjects were randomized and equally divided into 4 groups; control (laparotomy group only), I/R (transient mesenteric ischemia group only), astaxanthin 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses. The transient ischemia time was 60 minutes and the reperfusion time was 120 minutes. Tissue samples were taken from intracardiac blood and terminal ileum after reperfusion. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) from blood samples, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), Caspase-3, P53 tests from terminal ileum were studied. Tissue samples were also taken for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS At the end of the study, both doses of astaxanthin were found to significantly reduce MDA level, CAT, and SOD enzymatic activity, whereas higher doses of astaxanthin significantly reduced MDA level, CAT, and SOD enzyme activities. In addition, cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1 and IL-6 were found to be reduced at both doses of astaxanthin, but only significantly inhibited at higher doses. We observed that inhibition of apoptosis reduced caspase-3 activity and P53 and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. CONCLUSION Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory, significantly reduces ischemia and reperfusion injury, especially when used at a dose of 10 mg/kg. These data need to be confirmed by larger animal series and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Sakir Yilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Sivrihisar State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Bartu Badak
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Erkasap
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozkurt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Mullen KM, Regier PJ, Ellison GW, Londoño L. The Pathophysiology of Small Intestinal Foreign Body Obstruction and Intraoperative Assessment of Tissue Viability in Dogs: A Review. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 40:100438. [PMID: 32690289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Small intestinal foreign body obstructions occur commonly in dogs, accounting for 80% of all canine intestinal obstructions. Such obstructions induce local aberrations in secretion, absorption, and intestinal motility that can precipitate devastating systemic consequences, including a systemic inflammatory response, sepsis, and multiorgan dysfunction. Radiographic diagnosis is poorly sensitive relative to ultrasonography for diagnosing the presence of obstructive foreign material. Emergent surgical intervention is indicated for dogs with obstructive foreign material due to an inability to assess the degree of compromise of the intestinal wall that may precipitate intestinal perforation and to mitigate progression of life-threatening electrolyte and acid-base imbalances secondary to sequestration and emesis. Intraoperatively, an enterotomy or resection and anastomosis may be required to remove the obstructive material. A number of subjective and objective techniques for assessing the viability of intestinal tissue have been described due to the poor accuracy associated with surgeon assessment of color, peristalsis, pulsation, bleeding, and mural thickness alone. Such techniques have the potential to alter the surgeon's decision-making regarding performance of an enterotomy or resection and anastomosis, potentially reducing morbidity associated with intestinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Mullen
- University of Florida, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Penny J Regier
- University of Florida, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Gary W Ellison
- University of Florida, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leonel Londoño
- University of Florida, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Saleh H, El-Shorbagy HM. Mechanism underlying methyl eugenol attenuation of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with a high risk of mortality in the clinical situation. Many factors are involved in I/R, including reactive oxygen species, cytokine release, and apoptosis. We aimed to determine whether a pure methyl eugenol (ME) given before intestinal ischemia, protects against intestinal I/R injury and the possible mechanism involved in this protection. Rat received ME (100 mg/kg) for 30 days then underwent intestinal I/R with 30 min ischemia and 60 min reperfusion. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as some antioxidant biomarkers were assessed, while the serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was determined by ELISA. The change in TNF-α and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expressions were evaluated and confirmed by assessing protein level of TNF-α in the intestinal tissue by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was evaluated using DNA-laddering assay and by detecting caspase-3 immunohistochemically. Administration of ME prior to I/R injury resulted in a modulation of the production of MDA, LDH, and nitric oxide and restoration of the tested oxidative stress biomarkers. Pretreatment with ME downregulated messenger RNA of TNF-α and IL-6 inflammatory cytokines and their protein expressions in I/R rats. Marked inhibition of the apoptotic DNA and improvement of the architectures of small intestine were observed after pretreatment with ME. ME exhibits a protective effect against intestinal I/R via amelioration of the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines gene expression. Therefore, the supplementation of ME prior to intestinal I/R might be helpful in the attenuation of I/R complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Saleh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12631, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12631, Egypt
| | - Haidan M. El-Shorbagy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12631, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12631, Egypt
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Tsunoda K, Sonohata M, Kugisaki H, Someya S, Honke H, Komine M, Izumi M, Ide S, Mawatari M. The Effect of Air Tourniquet on Interleukin-6 Levels in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Open Orthop J 2017; 11:20-28. [PMID: 28217217 PMCID: PMC5301297 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001711010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Air tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle injury increases the concentrations of some cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasma. However, the effect of an air tourniquet on the IL-6 concentrations after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is unclear. We therefore investigated the impact of tourniquet-induced ischemia and reperfusion injury in TKA using the IL-6 level as an index. Methods: Ten patients with primary knee osteoarthrosis who underwent unilateral TKA without an air tourniquet were recruited (Non-tourniquet group). We also selected 10 age- and sex-matched control patients who underwent unilateral TKA with an air tourniquet (Tourniquet group). Venous blood samples were obtained at 3 points; before surgery, 24 h after surgery, and 7 days after surgery. The following factors were compared between the two groups; IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), the mean white blood cell (WBC) counts, and the maximum daily body temperatures. Results: The IL-6 level at 24 h after surgery was significantly higher than that at any other point (p<0.01). No significant differences were observed in the WBC count, the body temperature, or the CRP, CPK, or IL-6 levels of the two groups at any of the time points. Conclusion: The effect of ischemia and reperfusion due to the use of an air tourniquet on increasing the IL-6 level was much smaller than that induced by surgical stress in TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsunoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Motoki Sonohata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hajime Kugisaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Someya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Honke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Komine
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Izumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shuya Ide
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mawatari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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Granger DN, Holm L, Kvietys P. The Gastrointestinal Circulation: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1541-83. [PMID: 26140727 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) circulation receives a large fraction of cardiac output and this increases following ingestion of a meal. While blood flow regulation is not the intense phenomenon noted in other vascular beds, the combined responses of blood flow, and capillary oxygen exchange help ensure a level of tissue oxygenation that is commensurate with organ metabolism and function. This is evidenced in the vascular responses of the stomach to increased acid production and in intestine during periods of enhanced nutrient absorption. Complimenting the metabolic vasoregulation is a strong myogenic response that contributes to basal vascular tone and to the responses elicited by changes in intravascular pressure. The GI circulation also contributes to a mucosal defense mechanism that protects against excessive damage to the epithelial lining following ingestion of toxins and/or noxious agents. Profound reductions in GI blood flow are evidenced in certain physiological (strenuous exercise) and pathological (hemorrhage) conditions, while some disease states (e.g., chronic portal hypertension) are associated with a hyperdynamic circulation. The sacrificial nature of GI blood flow is essential for ensuring adequate perfusion of vital organs during periods of whole body stress. The restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) to GI organs following ischemia elicits an exaggerated tissue injury response that reflects the potential of this organ system to generate reactive oxygen species and to mount an inflammatory response. Human and animal studies of inflammatory bowel disease have also revealed a contribution of the vasculature to the initiation and perpetuation of the tissue inflammation and associated injury response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lena Holm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Polat B, Albayrak A, Halici Z, Karakus E, Bayir Y, Demirci E, Cadirci E, Odaci E, Yayla M, Atamanalp SS. The Effect of Levosimendan in Rat Mesenteric Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J INVEST SURG 2013; 26:325-33. [PMID: 23957729 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2013.806615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Guo Z, Zhou B, Li W, Sun X, Luo D. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against ultraviolet B radiation injury in rats. J Biomed Res 2012; 26:365-71. [PMID: 23554772 PMCID: PMC3597779 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.26.20110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces photo-damage. Ultraviolet B (UVB) is the major component of UV radiation which induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plays an important role in photo-damage. Hydrogen gas reduces ROS and alleviates inflammation. In this study, we sought to demonstrate that hydrogen-rich saline has the effect on skin injuries caused by UVB radiation. UVB radiation was irradiated on female C57BL/6 rats to induce skin injury. Hydrogen-rich saline and nitrogen-rich saline were administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection. Skin damage was detected by microscope after injury. UVB radiation had a significant affection in tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels, tissue superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide activity. Hydrogen-rich saline had a protective effect by altering the levels of these markers and relieved morphological skin injury. Hydrogen-rich saline protected against UVB radiation injury, possibly by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Guo
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Sato Y, Kobayashi M, Itagaki S, Hirano T, Noda T, Mizuno S, Sugawara M, Iseki K. Protective effect of lutein after ischemia-reperfusion in the small intestine. Food Chem 2011; 127:893-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hamilton TR, Thacher CW, Forsee KM, Nakamura RK. Trauma-associated acute mesenteric ischemia in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2010; 20:595-600. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2010.00582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bretz B, Blaze C, Parry N, Kudej RK. Ischemic postconditioning does not attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury of rabbit small intestine. Vet Surg 2010; 39:216-23. [PMID: 20210969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2009.00619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether ischemic postconditioning can attenuate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury and has a beneficial effect on tissue blood flow during reperfusion. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experimental study. ANIMALS New Zealand White rabbits (n=6). METHODS Rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital, to avoid the preconditioning effects of volatile anesthetics, and ventilated with room air. Rectal temperature, hemodynamics, and normocapnia were maintained. After celiotomy, 3 jejunal segments were isolated in each rabbit for the following groups: (1) control, (2) I-R, and (3) I-R with postconditioning. I-R was induced by a 45-minute occlusion of the segment jejunal artery followed by 2-hour reperfusion. The postconditioning segment had 4 cycles of 30-second reperfusion and 30-second reocclusion during the initial 4 minutes of reperfusion. Stable isotope-labeled microspheres were used to measure intestinal blood flow at baseline, end occlusion, and end reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, intestine segments were harvested and the rabbits euthanatized. A semiquantitative histopathologic evaluation (0-5) was conducted by a single, blinded observer. Wet-to-dry weight ratios were calculated to assess intestinal edema. RESULTS There was no significant difference in grade of necrosis, tissue wet-to-dry weight ratios, or blood flow at any time point between ischemic and postconditioning groups. CONCLUSIONS Ischemic postconditioning was ineffective in this model of intestinal I-R. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Further experimental studies will need to be performed before clinical application of postconditioning for intestinal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bretz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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Lu X, Li Y, Simovic MO, Peckham R, Wang Y, Tsokos GC, Dalle Lucca JJ. Decay-accelerating factor attenuates C-reactive protein-potentiated tissue injury after mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. J Surg Res 2009; 167:e103-15. [PMID: 20189588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute pro-inflammatory mediator that has been demonstrated to enhance ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury by virtue of activating the complement system. CRP is able to interact with complement proteins such as C1q, complement factor H, and C4b-binding protein. Since complement activation is central in the expression of tissue injury following IR, we have investigated the effects of human decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a complement inhibitor, on CRP-potentiated complement activation and tissue injury in mice subjected to mesenteric IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57B1/6 mice were allocated into eight groups: (1) Sham-operated group without IR injury; (2) CRP+Sham group; (3) IR group; (4) CRP+IR group; (5) DAF group; (6) CRP+DAF group; (7) IR+DAF group, and (8) CRP+IR+DAF group. Intestinal and lung injury, neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression, complement component deposition, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production were assessed for each treatment group of mice. RESULTS We report that administration of DAF significantly attenuates the CRP-enhanced intestinal injury as well as remote lung damages following acute mesenteric IR in mice, while DAF inhibits complement activation, suppresses neutrophil infiltration, and reduces IL-6 production. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that inhibition complement activation with DAF may prove useful for the treatment of post-ischemic inflammatory injuries associated with an increased production of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Lu
- Division of Military Casualty Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Zheng X, Mao Y, Cai J, Li Y, Liu W, Sun P, Zhang JH, Sun X, Yuan H. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:478-84. [PMID: 19353364 DOI: 10.1080/10715760902870603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen gas was reported to reduce reactive oxygen species and alleviate cerebral, myocardial and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. This paper studied the effect of hydrogen-rich saline, which was easier for clinical application, on the intestinal I/R injury. Model of intestinal I/R injury was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Physiological saline, hydrogen-rich saline or nitrogen-rich saline (5 ml/kg) was administered via intravenous infusion at 10 min before reperfusion, respectively. The intestine damage was detected microscopically and was assessed by Chiu score system after I/R injury. In addition, serum DAO activity, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 levels, tissue MDA, protein carbonyl and MPO activity were all increased significantly by I/R injury. Hydrogen-rich saline reduced these markers and relieved morphological intestinal injury, while no significant reduction was observed in the nitrogen-rich saline-treated animals. In conclusion, hydrogen-rich saline protected the small intestine against I/R injury, possibly by reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Zheng
- Chinese PLA Institute of Burn Surgery & Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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