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Girgin EM, Colak A, Simsek EC, Toprak B, Yalcin H, Ozdogan O, Duman C. The relationship between serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A level in patients with aortic valve stenosis: a case-control study. Acta Cardiol 2021; 76:598-604. [PMID: 32312177 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2020.1751956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common form of calcific aortic valve disease. Many matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) have been shown to be expressed in aortic sclerosis and contribute to valve fibrosis and calcification. We investigated the relationship between Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) and AS. METHODS Sixty-one patients who referred to our cardiology clinic having AS diagnosed with transthoracic echocardiography and thirty control subjects were included in this study. The patient group was divided into two groups as mild and moderate-severe AS in terms of echocardiography results. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and PAPP-A were measured. RESULTS There was statistically significant difference between the patient and control group for PAPP-A (p = 0.009). In addition, the difference between MPV, IGF-1 and PAPP-A levels of control and AS groups was found. We found that serum PAPP-A level was an independent predictor of AS (B = 0.107, p = 0.01) by logistic regression analysis. In linear regression analysis, a significant correlation was found for AS severity with MPV, IGF-1 and PAPP-A levels, respectively (p = 0.025, p = 0.004, p = 0.035). It was revealed that PAPP-A and IGF-1 were negatively correlated (r = -0.327, p = 0.002). Correlation of serum PAPP-A level with echocardiographic parameters was no observed. CONCLUSION The level of PAPP-A may be a marker used in diagnosis rather than a marker used to determine the severity of AS. Studies with larger patient populations may further explain the role of PAPP-A in the diagnosis and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Merve Girgin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Colak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ersin Cagri Simsek
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Toprak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sivas Training and Research Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hülya Yalcin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oner Ozdogan
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Can Duman
- Medical Biochemistry, İzmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey
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McCutcheon K, Dickens C, van Pelt J, Dix-Peek T, Grinter S, McCutcheon L, Patel A, Hale M, Tsabedze N, Vachiat A, Zachariah D, Duarte R, Janssens S, Manga P. Dynamic Changes in the Molecular Signature of Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Compensated and Decompensated Chronic Primary Mitral Regurgitation. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e005974. [PMID: 31510777 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.005974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no proven medical therapy that attenuates adverse left ventricular remodeling in patients with chronic primary mitral regurgitation (CPMR). Identification of molecular pathways important in the progression of left ventricular remodeling in patients with CPMR may lead to development of new therapeutic strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed baseline echocardiographic, cardiac catheterization, and serum NT-pro-BNP analysis in patients with severe CPMR awaiting mitral valve surgery and stratified the study population into compensated or decompensated CPMR. We obtained left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies (n=12) for mRNA expression analysis, and compared baseline transcript levels of 109 genes important in volume-overload left ventricular remodeling with levels in normal hearts (n=5) and between patients with compensated (n=6) versus decompensated (n=6) CPMR. Patients were then randomized to treatment with and without carvedilol and followed until the time of surgery (mean follow-up 8.3 months) when repeat endomyocardial biopsies were obtained to correlate transcriptional dynamics with indices of adverse remodeling. CPMR was associated with increased NPPA expression levels (21.6-fold, P=0.004), decreased transcripts of genes important in cell survival, and enrichment of extracellular matrix genes. Decompensated CPMR was associated with downregulation of SERCA2 (0.77-fold, P=0.009) and mitochondrial gene expression levels and upregulation of genes related to inflammation, the extracellular matrix, and apoptosis, which were refractory to carvedilol therapy. CONCLUSIONS Transition to decompensated CPMR is associated with calcium dysregulation, increased expression of inflammatory, extracellular matrix and apoptotic genes, and downregulation of genes important in bioenergetics. These changes are not attenuated by carvedilol therapy and highlight the need for development of specific combinatorial therapies, targeting myocardial inflammation and apoptosis, together with urgent surgical or percutaneous valve interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keir McCutcheon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium (K.M., S.J.)
| | - Caroline Dickens
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., T.D.-P., R.D.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Department of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium (J.v.P.)
| | - Therese Dix-Peek
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., T.D.-P., R.D.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sacha Grinter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lindsay McCutcheon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Atulkumar Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.P.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Martin Hale
- Department of Anatomical Pathology (M.H.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nqoba Tsabedze
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Vachiat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Don Zachariah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., T.D.-P., R.D.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium (K.M., S.J.).,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.)
| | - Pravin Manga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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3
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McCutcheon K, Manga P. Left ventricular remodelling in chronic primary mitral regurgitation: implications for medical therapy. Cardiovasc J Afr 2019; 29:51-65. [PMID: 29582880 PMCID: PMC6002796 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical repair or replacement of the mitral valve is currently the only recommended therapy for severe primary mitral regurgitation. The chronic elevation of wall stress caused by the resulting volume overload leads to structural remodelling of the muscular, vascular and extracellular matrix components of the myocardium. These changes are initially compensatory but in the long term have detrimental effects, which ultimately result in heart failure. Understanding the changes that occur in the myocardium due to volume overload at the molecular and cellular level may lead to medical interventions, which potentially could delay or prevent the adverse left ventricular remodelling associated with primary mitral regurgitation. The pathophysiological changes involved in left ventricular remodelling in response to chronic primary mitral regurgitation and the evidence for potential medical therapy, in particular beta-adrenergic blockers, are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keir McCutcheon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Pravin Manga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Nogueira SS, Sousa MG, Gava FN, Rosa FA, Melo GD, Dittrich G, Machado GF, Camacho AA. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in rabbits with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Some studies have shown the role played by matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. In this study, we sought to investigate how plasma and myocardial MMP 2 and 9 perform in rabbits with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, searching for a correlation between the activity of these collagenases and cardiac remodeling. Cardiomyopathy was induced by doxorubicin given intravenously twice a week for six consecutive weeks. Plasma MMP activity and the echocardiogram were assessed at baseline, and at 15 and 45 days after first injection of doxorubicin. The myocardial activity of these enzymes was solely evaluated in nine rabbits at 45 days, and results were compared with nine healthy controls. We only identified the full-length forms of both MMP 2 and 9 throughout the study. The plasma pro-MMP 2 reduced along the deterioration of cardiac function, while the pro-MMP 9 increased significantly at T45 as compared to baseline and T15. A negative significant correlation was found to exist between the plasma activity of pro-MMP 2 and mitral E-to-mitral septal annular early diastolic velocity ratio, which is an estimate of mean left atrial pressure and congestion. Only pro-MMP 2 was found in myocardial samples, and mean activity of such enzyme was statistically lower than that recorded for healthy controls. Although no active form was documented for either collagenase, the duration of the treatment with doxorubicin played a role in the alteration of plasma pro-forms activity. However, these changes could not be associated with most echocardiographic parameters that are supportive of cardiac remodeling.
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Balistreri CR, Allegra A, Crapanzano F, Pisano C, Triolo OF, Argano V, Candore G, Lio D, Ruvolo G. Associations of rs3918242 and rs2285053 MMP-9 and MMP-2 polymorphisms with the risk, severity, and short- and long-term complications of degenerative mitral valve diseases: a 4.8-year prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:362-70. [PMID: 27288746 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative forms of mitral valve diseases (MVDs) are very complex pathologies. Thus, it is difficult to make generalizations about the disease pathways or genetic risk factors contributing to these diseases. However, a key role of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in their pathophysiology is emerging. Thus, we performed for the first time a perspective study to assess eventual associations of some functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes with the MVD risk, symptom severity, and short- and long-term (4.8 years) complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, 90 patients and two control groups were genotyped for rs3918242, rs243865, and rs2285053 MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene SNPs, and systemic levels of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) and two enzymes were quantified and correlated to genotypes of MMP-2 and MMP-9 SNPs studied. In addition, associations between these SNPs and symptom severity and short- and long-term (4.8 years) complications were evaluated. RESULTS Interestingly, rs3918242 MMP-9 and rs2285053 MMP-2 SNPs were significantly represented in cases than two control groups and were associated with a higher MVD risk, as demonstrated using dominant/recessive models. Cases stratified for NYHA symptoms and particularly those NYHA III+IV with rs3918242 CT+TT MMP-9 and rs2285053CT+TT genotypes also showed higher severity related to significant higher systemic levels of MMP enzymes and pro-ANP at enrolment and 4.8 follow-up times. In addition, cases with these genotypes and particularly those NYHA III+IV had a very significant percentage of complications, particularly at the 4.8 follow-up. Surprisingly, 20% of patient controls developed MVD at 4.8-year follow-up and were carriers of these genotypes. CONCLUSION Thus, the associations observed seem to suggest that the two SNPs might represent useful biomarkers and targets for preventing and monitoring MVDs and developing personalized treatments, consenting a more appropriate management and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Allegra
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Floriana Crapanzano
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogera Pisano
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Oreste Fabio Triolo
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Argano
- Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Lio
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Italy
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Increased serum C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with congestive heart failure due to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Vet J 2015; 209:113-8. [PMID: 26831162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease in humans and dogs is associated with mildly increased circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). Few studies have evaluated associations between circulating CRP and canine myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and the results reported have been divergent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of CRP, determined using a novel automated canine-specific high-sensitivity CRP assay (Gentian hsCRP), were associated with severity of MMVD and selected clinical variables in dogs. The study included 188 client-owned dogs with different severities of MMVD. Dogs were classified based on ACVIM consensus statement guidelines (group A, n = 58; group B1, n = 56; group B2, n = 38; group C, n = 36). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF; group C) had significantly higher CRP concentrations (median, 2.65 mg/L; quartile 1-quartile 3, 1.09-5.09) compared to dogs in groups A (median, 0.97 mg/L; quartile 1-quartile 3, <0.50-1.97; P = 0.001), B1 (median, 0.78 mg/L; quartile 1-quartile 3, <0.50-1.73, P <0.0001) and B2 (median, 0.60 mg/L; quartile 1-quartile 3, <0.50-1.23; P <0.0001). Other variables reflecting disease severity, including left atrial to aortic root ratio (P = 0.0002, adjusted r(2) = 0.07) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter normalised for bodyweight (P = 0.0005, adjusted r(2) = 0.06), were positively associated with CRP concentration, but the association disappeared if dogs with CHF were excluded from analysis. In conclusion, slightly higher CRP concentrations were found in dogs with CHF whereas severity of asymptomatic MMVD showed no association with CRP concentrations.
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7
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Moesgaard SG, Aupperle H, Rajamäki MM, Falk T, Rasmussen CE, Zois NE, Olsen LH. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in advanced canine myxomatous mitral valve disease. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:560-7. [PMID: 25458505 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated mitral valve and myocardial protein and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and plasma MMP and TGF-β concentrations in age-matched dog groups euthanized due to either advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) or other reasons. Furthermore, echocardiographic data and lumen/area ratio were correlated with tissue and plasma levels of MMPs, TIMPs and TGF-βs. Mitral valve and myocardial gene expression of MMP2, MMP14, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were increased and plasma MMP9 was decreased in advanced MMVD dogs. Myocardial gene expression of TIMP2 and TIMP3 were increased in advanced MMVD. All affected markers correlated to echocardiographic parameters. Significantly narrowed lumen/area ratio was associated with increased myocardial expression of MMP2, MMP14, TIMP2 and TIMP3. No differences in tissue protein expression were recorded. MMP2, MMP14, TIMP2, TIMP3, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 appear to play a local role in the development of advanced MMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M M Rajamäki
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Falk
- Din Veterinaer, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | | | - N E Zois
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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Kang MH, Park HM. Short-term effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in dogs with severe myxomatous mitral valve disease. Vet Q 2014; 34:60-6. [PMID: 25252247 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2014.954063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to treat damaged myocardium is a relatively new concept. Clinical beneficial and safety outcomes are still controversial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate recruitment of hematopoietic stem cells and therapeutic efficacy of G-CSF in the treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) of dogs. ANIMALS AND METHODS Thirty client-owned MMVD dogs with clinical signs of heart failure were enrolled in a prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to compare the short-term effect of G-CSF (n = 17) with control group (n = 13) for identical periods. Clinical, hematological, and cardiovascular assessments were performed on days 0, 1, 3, and 7. Follow-up examination was conducted four weeks after the study. RESULTS Dogs treated with G-CSF had a significantly elevated white blood cell (WBC) (×10(3)/μL) count at day 3 compared with baseline (from 10.23 ± 4.42 to 42.84 ± 11.84; P = .000). The WBC population was also changed (elevated neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes) and the numbers of CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood were also increased at day 3. However, the results of clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic assessments did not differ significantly between the G-CSF treatment and control groups after four weeks. CONCLUSIONS G-CSF administration elevated the peripheral WBC count, especially neutrophils, and recruited hematopoietic stem cells. However, positive effects of G-CSF on cardiac function were not detected during short-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Kang
- a Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine , College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
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9
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HANIFEH M, RAJAMÄKI MM, MÄKITALO L, SYRJÄ P, SANKARI S, KILPINEN S, SPILLMANN T. Identification of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities within intestinal mucosa of clinically healthy beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1079-85. [PMID: 24748420 PMCID: PMC4155186 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that contribute to the control of breakdown and reconstitution of extracellular matrix under both normal and pathological conditions. The main objective of this study was to identify the presence of MMP-2 and -9 in the mucosa of the small and large intestines of clinically healthy beagle dogs using gelatin zymography technique. Intestinal mucosa samples from four different parts of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) were taken from 12 healthy laboratory beagle dogs and examined histologically. Based on WSAVA histology standards, recorded findings of all samples were considered insignificant. Pro-MMP-2 and -9 activities were found in 17/48 (35%) and 25/48 (52%) of the samples, respectively. Among four different parts of the intestine of 12 dogs, the ileum had the highest positivity rates of 7/12 (58.3%) and 8/12 (66.7%) for pro-MMP-2 and -9 activities, respectively. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference of pro-MMP-2 and -9 activities between the separate parts of the intestine (P>0.05). None of the intestinal samples showed gelatinolytic activity corresponding to the control bands of active MMP-2 and MMP-9. This study showed that pro-MMP-2 and -9 could be detected in the intestinal mucosa of healthy dogs using zymography, which seems to be a useful tool to evaluate the role of MMP-2 and -9 in the pathogenesis of canine chronic enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen HANIFEH
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57 (Viikintie 49), 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Tabriz, Postal Code 5166616471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Minna M RAJAMÄKI
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57 (Viikintie 49), 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Laura MÄKITALO
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital
and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernilla SYRJÄ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Satu SANKARI
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57 (Viikintie 49), 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Susanne KILPINEN
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57 (Viikintie 49), 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Thomas SPILLMANN
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57 (Viikintie 49), 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
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10
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Fonfara S, Hetzel U, Tew SR, Cripps P, Dukes-McEwan J, Clegg PD. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors, and lysyl oxidase in myocardial samples from dogs with end-stage systemic and cardiac diseases. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:216-23. [PMID: 23363345 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the degree of mRNA expression for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and lysyl oxidase in myocardial samples from dogs with cardiac and systemic diseases and from healthy control dogs. SAMPLE Myocardial samples from the atria, ventricles, and septum of 8 control dogs, 6 dogs with systemic diseases, 4 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 5 dogs with other cardiac diseases. PROCEDURES Degrees of mRNA expression for MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -13; TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4; and lysyl oxidase were measured via quantitative real-time PCR assay. Histologic examination of the hearts was performed to identify pathological changes. RESULTS In myocardial samples from control dogs, only TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 mRNA expression was detected, with a significantly higher degree in male versus female dogs. In dogs with systemic and cardiac diseases, all investigated markers were expressed, with a significantly higher degree of mRNA expression than in control dogs. Furthermore, the degree of expression for MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 was significantly higher in dogs with DCM than in dogs with systemic diseases and cardiac diseases other than DCM. Expression was generally greater in atrial than in ventricular tissue for MMP-2, MMP-13, and lysyl oxidase in samples from dogs with atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Degrees of myocardial MMP, TIMP, and lysyl oxidase mRNA expression were higher in dogs with cardiac and systemic diseases than in healthy dogs, suggesting that expression of these markers is a nonspecific consequence of end-stage diseases. Selective differences in the expression of some markers may reflect specific pathogenic mechanisms and may play a role in disease progression, morbidity and mortality rates, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Fonfara
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, England.
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11
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Beta-blockade for mitral regurgitation: could the management of valvular heart disease actually be moving into the 21st century? J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60:839-40. [PMID: 22818062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Roosens B, Bala G, Droogmans S, Van Camp G, Breyne J, Cosyns B. Animal models of organic heart valve disease. Int J Cardiol 2012; 165:398-409. [PMID: 22475840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heart valve disease is a frequently encountered pathology, related to high morbidity and mortality rates in industrialized and developing countries. Animal models are interesting to investigate the causality, but also underlying mechanisms and potential treatments of human valvular diseases. Recently, animal models of heart valve disease have been developed, which allow to investigate the pathophysiology, and to follow the progression and the potential regression of disease with therapeutics over time. The present review provides an overview of animal models of primary, organic heart valve disease: myxoid age-related, infectious, drug-induced, degenerative calcified, and mechanically induced valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Roosens
- Centrum Voor Hart- en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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Łój M, Garncarz M, Jank M. Genomic and genetic aspects of heart failure in dogs - a review. Acta Vet Hung 2012; 60:17-26. [PMID: 22366129 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2012.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The most common causes of heart failure in dogs are valvular disease, predominantly endocardiosis, and myocardial disease, predominantly dilated cardiomyopathy. They are related to changes in the expression of several genes in the heart muscle and in peripheral blood nuclear cells which could be considered as prognostic or diagnostic markers of heart disease in dogs. Since many human genetic markers of heart failure have turned out to be useless in dogs, the screening for genomic markers of canine heart failure could give more insight into the molecular pathology of these diseases and aid the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Łój
- 1 Warsaw University of Life Sciences Department of Physiological Sciences ul. Nowoursynowska 159c 02-787 Warsaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Garncarz
- 2 Warsaw University of Life Sciences Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ul. Nowoursynowska 159c 02-787 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Jank
- 1 Warsaw University of Life Sciences Department of Physiological Sciences ul. Nowoursynowska 159c 02-787 Warsaw Poland
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Fonfara S, Tew SR, Cripps P, Dukes-McEwan J, Clegg PD. Increased blood mRNA expression of inflammatory and anti-fibrotic markers in dogs with congestive heart failure. Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:879-85. [PMID: 22100243 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling contribute to the development of congestive heart failure (CHF), but the pathogenesis is still incompletely understood. Therefore, whole blood samples from eight dogs without cardiac disease and eight dogs with CHF were investigated for mRNA expression of IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα, IFNγ, TGFβ1-3, MMP1, -2, -3, -9 and TIMP1-4 using quantitative PCR. Dogs with CHF had significantly higher IL1β (P=0.015), IL2 (P=0.043), MMP1 (P=0.031), TIMP3 (P=0.012) and lower TNFα (P<0.001), TGFβ3 (P=0.006), TIMP1 (P=0.015) and TIMP2 (P=0.011) mRNA levels. Increased pro-inflammatory IL1β and anti-fibrotic MMP1 and reduced pro-fibrotic TGFβ and TIMP1 and TIMP2 in dogs with CHF suggest progressive left ventricular remodeling. The reduction of TNFα and increase of immunomodulatory IL2 and TIMP3 might suggest control of the inflammatory response. A better understanding of inflammation and ECM remodeling in cardiac diseases may lead to novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fonfara
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
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