1
|
Kornya MR, Abrams-Ogg ACG, Blois SL, Wood RD. Investigation of Platelet Function Analyzer 200 platelet function measurements in healthy cats and cats receiving clopidogrel. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:664-670. [PMID: 37646490 PMCID: PMC10621536 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231197440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Platelet Function Analyzer 200 (PFA-200; Siemens) is an in vitro substitute for in vivo bleeding time that is designed to investigate platelet function in a more physiologic manner than traditional aggregometry. The analyzer reports a closure time (CT) as a marker of platelet function, and may also report the calculated platelet function measurement primary hemostasis components, PHC1 and PHC2. These incorporate the measured total volume (TV) of blood aspirated and the initial flow rate (IF). We determined, for the COL/ADP and P2Y cartridges, the median total volume (TVmedian), and RIs for CT, IF, TV, PHC1, and PHC2, and investigated the sensitivity and specificity of those parameters at the determined interpretation thresholds in determination of the clopidogrel effect. Healthy client-owned cats were recruited prospectively to determine RIs for CT, IF, TV, PHC1, and PHC2. Healthy blood-donor cats and cats on clopidogrel therapy were included retrospectively to determine test performance. In 20 healthy cats, RIs for COL/ADP were CT (19.5-87.2 s), IF (199-278 µL/min), TV (199-332 µL), PHC1 (94-106%), and PHC2 (52-148%); and for P2Y, CT (4.2-94.3 s), IF (112-208 µL/min), TV (151-294 µL), PHC1 (35-178%), and PHC2 (90-109%). CVs were calculated for all of these values. Specificity for detection of the clopidogrel effect was calculated from a group of healthy blood donors, and sensitivity for detection of the clopidogrel effect from a group of cats with known clopidogrel effect. Sensitivity and specificity were, for COL/ADP: CT (83.3%, 66.6%), IF (41.4%, 83.3%), TV (83.3%, 100%), PHC1 (100%, 100%) and PHC2 (100%, 83.3%); and for P2Y: CT (100%, 94.4%), IF (30%, 44.4%), TV (100%, 94.4%), PHC1 (100%, 100%), and PHC2 (100%, 97.7%). These PFA-200 values may be beneficial in the determination of platelet function in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Kornya
- Departments of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony C. G. Abrams-Ogg
- Departments of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna L. Blois
- Departments of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Darren Wood
- Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang WH, Lynch AM, Balko JA, Duffy DJ, Robertson JB, Posner LP. Point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation assessment in healthy dogs during the perianesthetic period. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:346. [PMID: 36104699 PMCID: PMC9472389 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM Vet) is a novel, portable device that provides a global assessment of hemostasis. The study aims were to evaluate serial viscoelastic analysis during the perianesthetic period in healthy dogs and to compare the agreement between two VCM Vet devices. Twenty healthy dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery were enrolled. Whole blood samples were collected from an intravenous catheter at four time points: baseline, 15 min after premedication, 60 min after inhalant initiation, and 60 min after inhalant termination. Viscoelastic tests were performed in duplicate on different devices, providing: clot time (CT; seconds), clot formation time (CFT; seconds), alpha angle (α; degrees), amplitude (units) at 10 (A10) and 20 (A20) minutes post clot time, maximum clot firmness (MCF; units), and lysis index (%) at 30 (Li30) and 45 (Li45) minutes post maximum clot formation. Results One hundred sixty samples were analyzed. The speed of CT and CFT significantly decreased an average of 25.5 s (95% confidence interval [CI]15.9–35.0) and 6.9 s (95% CI 3.1–10.7) per time point, respectively. There were no significant changes in clot strength or lysis variables. The Bland–Altman style plot shows an acceptable rate of agreement for all variables with intra-class correlation ranging from 0.64–0.94. Conclusion The rate of clot formation (CT and CFT) decreased over the perianesthetic period in healthy dogs undergoing surgery. These changes were small and occurred without changes in clot strength or fibrinolysis rate, thus were not clinically relevant. There was clinically acceptable consistency between devices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03442-x.
Collapse
|
3
|
Vuille-dit-Bille J, Weingand N, Jud Schefer R, Stirn M, Adamik KN, Rathmann JMK, Sigrist NE. Comparison of Jugular vs. Saphenous Blood Samples, Intrarater and In-Between Device Reliability of Clinically Used ROTEM S Parameters in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2101. [PMID: 36009691 PMCID: PMC9405132 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) allows for the global assessment of hemostasis in whole blood samples. Preanalytical and analytical factors may influence test results, and data about the reliability and reproducibility of lyophilized ROTEM tests are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of blood collection site on ROTEM S parameters and to assess intrarater and in-between device variability. A total of thirty, healthy, staff-owned dogs were included. Blood collection and ROTEM analysis were performed by trained staff according to a standardized protocol. Extrinsically activated (tissue factor; Ex-TEM S), with the addition of cytochalasin for platelet inhibition (Fib-TEM S), and intrinsically activated (In-TEM) analyses were performed. Analysis of our data showed significant variability for various Ex-TEM S and Fib-TEM S parameters from different collection sites and intrarater and in-between device measurements. We conclude that serial monitoring with ROTEM should be performed on the same device, with blood always taken from the same collection site using a standardized blood sampling technique. While In-TEM S, apart from maximum lysis, showed very stable and reliable results, we suggest interpreting especially clotting and clot formation parameters from Ex-TEM S and Fib-TEM S tests with caution and using duplicate measurements to detect outliers and to prevent initiation of incorrect therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Vuille-dit-Bille
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Weingand
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Jud Schefer
- Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Stirn
- Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadja E. Sigrist
- Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weingand N, Vuille-dit-Bille J, Jud Schefer R, Kutter APN, Stirn M, Adamik KN, Sigrist NE. Evaluation of the Effect of Storage Time on ROTEM S ® Parameters in Healthy and Ill Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1996. [PMID: 35953985 PMCID: PMC9367567 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Viscoelastic testing as a bedside test to assess global haemostasis has gained popularity in the past decade, with rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and thromboelastography (TEG) being the two commonly used devices. TEG studies suggest analysis 30 min after blood sampling. However, the reproducibility of results over time for ROTEM analysis using lyophilized samples in dogs has not been established. In this study, we investigated the influence of time on viscoelastic testing, using 33 healthy staff-/client-owned dogs for blood sampling and repeated measurements of ROTEM tracings at three different time points after blood collection. Additionally, a group of 21 hospitalized patients with suspected coagulation disorders were included to investigate whether stability over time was comparable between healthy and ill dogs. We demonstrated a significant difference of ROTEM tracings over time, with a tendency towards hypocoagulability over time. These changes do have a clinical relevance as they exceed reference intervals and could therefore lead to erroneous conclusions about a patient's coagulation status. Therefore, time-specific reference intervals are proposed and presented in this publication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weingand
- Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Vuille-dit-Bille
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Jud Schefer
- Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette P. N. Kutter
- Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Stirn
- Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadja E. Sigrist
- Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buriko Y, Murray M, Hess R, Silverstein D. Presample Volume Necessary to Obtain Accurate Laboratory Parameters from Central Venous Catheters in Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We compared laboratory parameters from central venous catheters using multiple presample volumes (PSVs) to venipuncture values. Blood was obtained from dogs for a venous blood gas, packed red blood cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), and a coagulation panel. Blood was drawn both by venipuncture and from the catheter (using PSVs 300%, 600%, and 1200% of the dead space volume). Twenty dogs were enrolled. Venipuncture values were significantly higher than those obtained from the catheter for PCV (300% [P = .007], 600% [P = .005], and 1200% [P = .02]), TS (300% [P = .006] and 600% [P = .04]), and lactate (600% [P = .04] and 1200% [P = .01]). Venipuncture values were significantly lower than those obtained from a catheter for pH (1200% [P = .008]) and chloride (300% [P = .04], 600% [P = .003], and 1200% [P = .03]). An increase was found in prothrombin time in samples drawn with 600% PSV compared with 1200% (P = .008). The PCV and TS are diluted when smaller PSVs are used. A 1200% PSV best approximated the PCV and TS obtained by venipuncture. A 300% PSV may be adequate to evaluate coagulation and venous blood gas values.
Collapse
|
6
|
Steiner V, Schwendenwein I, Burgener IA, Pagitz M, Tichy A, Luckschander-Zeller N. Comparison of the effects of open-tube and evacuated tube-assisted sampling methods on thromboelastography variables for blood samples from healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 2021; 83:239-244. [PMID: 34941566 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.05.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of open-tube blood sampling with previously investigated blood sampling methods via evacuated tube on thromboelastography variables for blood samples from dogs. ANIMALS 10 healthy Beagles from the research colony owned by the Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University Veterinary of Medicine, Vienna, were used. PROCEDURES In this prospective study, blood was sampled from each dog serially into citrate solution-containing tubes via 20-gauge needle. One evacuated tube was filled from a jugular vein via the evacuated tube port, and the second tube was opened and filled by catching blood flowing through the needle from a lateral saphenous vein. Venipuncture quality was scored with a previously described method. Thromboelastography was performed for each sample. RESULTS Inferential statistics used with the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed significant differences in reaction time (R) of 3.43 ± 0.84 minutes versus 4.53 ± 0.62 minutes (mean ± SD) between evacuated tube assisted and open-tube sampling, respectively. No other significant differences were identified. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The sampling methods compared have a small but significant effect on R in thromboelastographic analysis for blood samples from healthy dogs. Shear stress by vacuum sampling seems to accelerate coagulation in jugular blood samples harvested by evacuated tube, resulting in a shortened R. Results suggested that the open-tube method avoids shear stress induced activation of coagulation and is an appropriate sampling method for thromboelastography when used within a standardized protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Steiner
- 1Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- 2Department for Pathobiology, Central Laboratory, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- 1Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Pagitz
- 1Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- 3Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Luckschander-Zeller
- 1Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kielb Basile JL, Lynch AM, Ruterbories L, Castaneda K, Griffith E, Ueda Y. Influence of long-stay jugular catheters on hemostatic variables in healthy dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 31:557-563. [PMID: 34216531 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare hemostatic variables performed on blood samples obtained from indwelling jugular catheters or direct venipuncture over a 72-hour period. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SETTING University research laboratory. ANIMALS Five healthy neutered male purpose-bred Beagle dogs. INTERVENTIONS Each dog was sedated to facilitate placement of a long-stay 20-Ga polyurethane IV catheter into the jugular vein. Blood samples were obtained from the preplaced catheters at 4 time points corresponding to 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours relative to placement. Blood samples were also obtained by direct venipuncture of a peripheral vein using a 21-Ga butterfly catheter and evacuated blood tubes at the same time points. Platelet count, platelet closure time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and kaolin-activated thromboelastography were performed on these paired samples at each time point. The patency of the indwelling catheters was maintained by flushing every 6 hours with heparinized saline. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS No significant differences were identified in any of the hemostatic variables obtained by either blood collection technique at any time point during the study (P > 0.05). There was also no significant day-to-day variation in any catheter-derived hemostatic variable obtained from individual dogs identified over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that accurate hemostatic variables may be obtained using blood collected from indwelling jugular catheters, maintained with heparinized saline for at least 72 hours, in healthy dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex M Lynch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura Ruterbories
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kady Castaneda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Griffith
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fudge JM, Cano KS, Page B, Jeffery U. Comparison of viscoelastic test results from blood collected near simultaneously from the jugular and saphenous veins in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:598-603. [PMID: 32996837 PMCID: PMC10741292 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20959612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare viscoelastic test results from samples collected from a jugular vein using a 20 G needle and a medial saphenous vein using a 22 G needle in cats presenting for elective ovariohysterectomy (OHE) or castration. METHODS Forty apparently healthy cats (20 males and 20 females) presenting for elective OHE or castration were included in a prospective study observing viscoelastic test results from central and peripherally collected whole blood. Cats were anesthetized during blood collection with a standardized protocol including buprenorphine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine and isoflurane. Blood samples from jugular and saphenous veins were collected near simultaneously. Viscoelastic evaluations of whole blood were performed using a point-of-care device measuring clot time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), alpha angle (α), maximum clot formation (MCF), and amplitude at 10 and 20 mins (A10 and A20, respectively). Viscoelastometry continued post-clot time to determine a lysis index at 30 and 45 mins (LI30 and LI45, respectively) to assess fibrinolysis. RESULTS Studied cats had a median age of 18 months (range 5 months to 5 years) and a median weight of 3.6 kg (range 2.7-5.9 kg). A total of 80 samples were available for analysis. While lysis indices were not different, viscoelastic measures of coagulation differed between sampling sites (CT, P <0.005; CFT, P = 0.01; α, P <0.05; MCF, P <0.0005; A10, P <0.0005; A20, P <0.0005). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Viscoelastic results from jugular venous blood samples appear to be more hypercoagulable than those collected from the medial saphenous vein, suggesting that the same site should be used consistently for serial monitoring or for collecting study data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernie Page
- Surgery, Hill Country Animal League,
Boerne, TX, USA
| | - Unity Jeffery
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Texas A&M University,
College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Phipps WE, de Laforcade AM, Barton BA, Berg J. Postoperative thrombocytosis and thromboelastographic evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:85-92. [PMID: 31841092 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and severity of thrombocytosis and thromboelastographic evidence of hypercoagulability during the first 2 weeks after splenectomy in dogs with splenic masses and to investigate relationships between platelet counts and thromboelastography values. ANIMALS 34 dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses. PROCEDURES Blood samples for platelet counts and thromboelastography were obtained at induction of anesthesia (day 0) prior to splenectomy and on days 2, 7, and 14. RESULTS Mean platelet counts were 167.9 × 103/μL, 260.4 × 103 μ/L, 715.9 × 103/μL, and 582.2 × 103/μL on days 0, 2, 7, and 14, respectively, and were significantly higher at all postoperative assessment points than on day 0. Thrombocytosis was observed in 3% (1/34), 6% (2/33), 81% (21/26), and 69% (18/26) of dogs on days 0, 2, 7, and 14. Platelet counts > 1,000 × 103/μL were observed in 1 dog on day 2 and in 5 dogs on day 7. One or more thromboelastography values suggestive of hypercoagulability were observed in 45% (15/33), 84% (26/31), 89% (24/27), and 84% (21/25) of dogs on days 0, 2, 7, and 14. At each assessment point, higher platelet counts were correlated with thromboelastography values suggestive of hypercoagulability. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Marked thrombocytosis and thromboelastography values suggestive of hypercoagulability were common during the first 2 weeks after splenectomy for the dogs of this study. If present, hypercoagulability could increase the risk for development of postsplenectomy thrombotic conditions such as portal system thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shin D, Nam A, Song KH, Seo KW. Influence of needle gauge and venepuncture difficulty on thromboelastography in healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:708-713. [PMID: 30179081 PMCID: PMC10814300 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18796672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two differently sized butterfly catheter needles and the effect of venepuncture difficulty on thromboelastography (TEG) results in healthy cats. METHODS Twenty-four healthy cats were included. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein by syringe aspiration via direct venepuncture with 21 G and 22 G butterfly needles. The venepuncture difficulty score was classified into four categories. The first 1.5 ml blood drawn from each subject was discarded before collecting a sample for TEG analysis. TEG analyses were performed on citrated whole blood samples from 17 clinically healthy cats, using assays with kaolin as activators. Among the TEG parameters, reaction time (R), clot formation time (κ), alpha angle (α), maximum amplitude (MA) and global clot strength (G) were recorded from each tracing. RESULTS Seven cats were excluded from the study; results were obtained for the remaining 17 cats. There were no statistically significant differences between the use of two different needles for R (P = 0.72), κ (P = 0.74), α (P = 0.99), MA (P = 0.08) and G (P = 0.09). Samples with difficulty scores ⩾1 were not significantly different from samples with difficulty scores of 0 for R (P = 0.24), κ (P = 0.65), α (P = 0.65), MA (P = 0.72) and G (P = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of TEG in clinically healthy cats do not differ significantly when using two different gauge needles. There was no significant difference in the TEG results according to venepuncture difficulty scoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duree Shin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Aryung Nam
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Seo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mays EM, Dorman DC, McKendry C, Hanel RM. A pilot study documenting increased thrombin generation following abrupt withdrawal of heparin therapy in healthy dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018; 28:518-526. [PMID: 30303616 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document if a transient hypercoagulable state occurs in healthy dogs following abrupt cessation of unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy. DESIGN Prospective experimental pilot study. SETTING University research facility. ANIMALS Seven adult random-source male dogs. INTERVENTION Thromboelastography (TEG) and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex formation were used to assess coagulation status in healthy dogs. Seven adult research dogs received 200-300 IU/kg subcutaneous UFH every 8 hours for 4 days. A final IV bolus of 100 IU/kg was given on day 4 and the peak measured heparin concentration 1 hour later is defined as the start of heparin withdrawal (time 0). Citrated whole blood samples were collected at baseline (prior to heparin administration) and 3, 6, 12, 30, and 48 hours after UFH withdrawal. At all time points, a kaolin-activated TEG was performed and citrated plasma for measurement of TAT concentration was collected for batch analysis. Fibrinogen concentration, PCV, total plasma proteins, and platelet count were measured at baseline and 48 hours after heparin withdrawal. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared to baseline, TAT was increased 12 hours after heparin withdrawal and returned to baseline by 30 hours. TEG clot formation time (K) was decreased 30 and 48 hours after heparin withdrawal. CONCLUSION TAT results suggest that a transient increase in thrombin generation developed 12 hours after withdrawal of UFH therapy. Though clot kinetics were rapid compared to baseline beginning 30 hours after heparin withdrawal, a return to baseline was not documented. Future studies are warranted to determine the clinical relevance of these results and to evaluate the effect of UFH withdrawal in critically ill animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Mays
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27695 (Mays, Daorman, Hanel), and
| | - David C Dorman
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27695 (Mays, Daorman, Hanel), and
| | - Colleen McKendry
- Department of Statistics, NCSU Bioinformatics Research Center, NCSU College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Raleigh, NC, 27607 (McKendry)
| | - Rita M Hanel
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27695 (Mays, Daorman, Hanel), and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee A, Boysen SR, Sanderson J, Wagg CR, Chalhoub S. Effects of Yunnan Baiyao on blood coagulation parameters in beagles measured using kaolin activated thromboelastography and more traditional methods. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 5:53-56. [PMID: 30255049 PMCID: PMC6137688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Yunnan Baiyao is anecdotally widely used in veterinary medicine for its pro-coagulation properties. There are no studies determining its effect on clotting tests. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral Yunnan Baiyao (YB) on hemostasis by measuring coagulation via kaolin activated citrated whole blood thromboelastography (TEG), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, and d-dimers. The study was a prospective, randomized controlled crossover trial. Eight healthy University of Calgary owned beagles were treated orally with either Yunnan Baiyao or placebo every 12 h for 5 treatments. Blood was collected immediately before treatment, 2 h after the last treatment, and 24 h after the last treatment. TEG analysis was run 30 ± 5 min after blood collection. All other coagulation analyses were sent to a reference laboratory for further analysis. No treatment adverse effects were observed. Oral YB increased R-time significantly within the YB group, but the increase was still within canine reference ranges. No other changes were observed. Oral YB at the dosage and frequency administered in this study did not produce any significant improvement in hemostatic parameters. There is a need for further research and scientific evidence for YB use and dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T3G 4Z7, Canada
| | - Søren R Boysen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T3G 4Z7, Canada
| | - Jillian Sanderson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T3G 4Z7, Canada
| | - Cathy R Wagg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T3G 4Z7, Canada
| | - Serge Chalhoub
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T3G 4Z7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reuteler A, Axiak-Flammer S, Howard J, Adamik KN. Comparison of the effects of a balanced crystalloid-based and a saline-based tetrastarch solution on canine whole blood coagulation and platelet function. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016; 27:23-34. [PMID: 27926787 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.42) solution in either a buffered, electrolyte-balanced (HES-BAL), or a saline (HES-SAL) carrier solution on canine platelet function and whole blood coagulation. DESIGN Prospective, randomized study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Thirty-seven client-owned dogs undergoing general anesthesia for arthroscopy or imaging studies. INTERVENTIONS Dogs received a 15 mL/kg intravenous bolus of HES-SAL (n = 13), HES-BAL (n = 14), or a modified Ringer's solution (n = 10) over 30-40 minutes. Coagulation was analyzed using a Platelet Function Analyzer-100 (closure time [CtPFA ]), and whole blood thromboelastometry (ROTEM) with extrinsically (ex-tem and fib-tem) and intrinsically (in-tem) activated assays, which assessed clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), maximal clot firmness (MCF), and lysis index (LI). Coagulation samples were assayed prior to fluid administration (T0), and 5 minutes (T1), and 3 hours (T2) following fluid bolus administration, respectively. RESULTS Both HES solutions resulted in impaired platelet function as indicated by a significant prolongation of CtPFA at T1 as compared to T0, but which resolved by T2. An IV bolus of Ringer's solution did not alter platelet function. In both HES groups, whole blood coagulation was significantly impaired at T1 as indicated by a significant increase in in-tem CFT, and a significant decrease in ex-tem, in-tem, and fib-tem MCF compared to T0. Furthermore, a significant increase in ex-tem CFT at T1 compared to T0 was found in the HES-SAL group. With the exception of in-tem MCF after HES-BAL, these effects were not present at T2. No significant differences were found in CtPFA or any ROTEM variable at any time point between HES-SAL and HES-BAL. CONCLUSION Administration of a single bolus of 15 mL/kg 6% HES 130/0.42 results in significant but short-lived impairment of canine platelet function and whole blood coagulation, regardless of carrier solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annina Reuteler
- Sections of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shannon Axiak-Flammer
- Anesthesia, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judith Howard
- the Diagnostic Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Sections of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Junge HK, Ringer SK, Mayer N, Schwarzwald CC. Assessment of method reliability and determination of reference intervals for rotational thromboelastometry in horses. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016; 26:691-703. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Junge
- Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simone K. Ringer
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Mayer
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Blois SL, Lang ST, Wood RD, Monteith G. Biologic variability and correlation of platelet function testing in healthy dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 44:503-10. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shauna L. Blois
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Sean T. Lang
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - R. Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Gabrielle Monteith
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bucknoff MC, Hanel RM, Marks SL, Motsinger-Reif AA, Suter SE. Evaluation of thromboelastography for prediction of clinical bleeding in thrombocytopenic dogs after total body irradiation and hematopoietic cell transplantation. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:425-32. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.5.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Greenwell CM, Epstein SE, Brain PH. Influence of needle gauge used for venipuncture on automated platelet count and coagulation profile in dogs. Aust Vet J 2014; 92:71-4. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CM Greenwell
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital; 1 Richardson Place North Ryde New South Wales 2213 Australia
| | - SE Epstein
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis California USA
| | - PH Brain
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital; 1 Richardson Place North Ryde New South Wales 2213 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Flatland B, Koenigshof AM, Rozanski EA, Goggs R, Wiinberg B. Systematic evaluation of evidence on veterinary viscoelastic testing Part 2: Sample acquisition and handling. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 24:30-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bente Flatland
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Amy M. Koenigshof
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824
| | - Elizabeth A. Rozanski
- the Department of Clinical Sciences; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton MA 01536
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Goggs R, Brainard B, de Laforcade AM, Flatland B, Hanel R, McMichael M, Wiinberg B. Partnership on Rotational ViscoElastic Test Standardization (PROVETS): Evidence-based guidelines on rotational viscoelastic assays in veterinary medicine. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 24:1-22. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| | - Benjamin Brainard
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602
| | - Armelle M. de Laforcade
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; North Grafton MA 01536
| | - Bente Flatland
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Rita Hanel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; NC State University; Raleigh NC 27607
| | - Maureen McMichael
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL 61801
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lennon E, Hanel R, Walker J, Vaden S. Hypercoagulability in Dogs with Protein-Losing Nephropathy as Assessed by Thromboelastography. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:462-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E.M. Lennon
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Raleigh NC
| | - R.M. Hanel
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Raleigh NC
| | - J.M. Walker
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Raleigh NC
| | - S.L. Vaden
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Raleigh NC
| |
Collapse
|