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Lichtenauer EA, Santifort KM, Bergknut N, van Soens I, Beukers M, Carrera I. Case report: Radiofrequency-induced thermal burn injury in a dog after magnetic resonance imaging. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1364635. [PMID: 38807939 PMCID: PMC11131380 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1364635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A 10-year-old male Shar-Pei was referred for lethargy and proprioceptive deficits of the left thoracic limb. An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the cervical spinal column and the brain was performed. The MRI examination of the brain was normal. A left-sided C3-C4 intervertebral disc extrusion with spinal cord compression was diagnosed. Medical treatment was elected. Within a week after the MRI examination, the dog presented with deep partial-thickness skin burn wounds in both axillae. Since the specific absorption rate had not exceeded the safety limits during any of the scans and no other procedures or circumstances were identified that could possibly have resulted in burn injuries, the thermal burn injuries were diagnosed as radiofrequency (RF) burns. The wounds healed by secondary intent over the next month. RF burns are the most reported complication in humans undergoing MRI but have not been reported in veterinary patients. Clinicians and technicians should consider the potential risk for RF burns in veterinary patients and take precautions regarding positioning of the patient and take notice of any signs of burn injury when performing follow-up examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A. Lichtenauer
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands
| | - Koen M. Santifort
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Niklas Bergknut
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands
| | - Iris van Soens
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beukers
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands
| | - Ines Carrera
- Vet Oracle Teleradiology, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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Mantis P, Sofou EI, Aleksandrova S, Badulescu E, Church D, Lloyd D, Koutsouvelis P, Mpairamoglou S, Chatzis M, Saridomichelakis M. High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy findings of the skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:415-424. [PMID: 37114506 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high-frequency ultrasonographic appearance of skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD) has not been described. OBJECTIVES To compare high-frequency ultrasonographic findings among lesional, macroscopically nonlesional skin of dogs with cAD, and the macroscopically nonlesional skin of healthy dogs. Additionally, to determine whether there is any correlation between the ultrasonographic findings in lesional skin and local Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) or its domains (erythema, lichenification, excoriations/alopecia). As a secondary aim, six cAD dogs were re-evaluated after management intervention. ANIMALS Twenty dogs with cAD (six were re-examined after treatment) and six healthy dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all dogs, ultrasonographic examination was performed on the same 10 skin sites, using a 50 MHz transducer. Wrinkling of skin surface, presence/width of subepidermal low echogenic band, hypoechogenicity of dermis and thickness of the skin were evaluated and scored/measured blindly. RESULTS Dermal hypoechogenicity was more common and severe in lesional compared to macroscopically nonlesional skin of dogs with cAD. In lesional skin, presence/severity of wrinkling of skin surface and of dermal hypoechogenicity were positively correlated with presence/severity of lichenification, while severity of dermal hypoechogenicity was positively correlated with local CADESI-04. A positive correlation between the change in skin thickness and the change in the severity of erythema during treatment was noted. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy may be useful for the evaluation of skin of dogs with cAD and for evaluating the progression of skin lesions during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mantis
- Diagnostic Imaging Service, Dick White Referrals, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Evangelia I Sofou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Svetlina Aleksandrova
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Elisabeta Badulescu
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - David Church
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Manolis Chatzis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Chhay S, Hanazono K, Kitahara J, Hori A, Miyoshi K, Itami T, Endoh D, Nakade T. The effects of gel pad thickness on the evaluation of skin structures using ultrasonography in normal dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1472-1475. [PMID: 34305079 PMCID: PMC8498840 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gel pads are commonly used in skin ultrasonography; however, the effects of their thickness are unknown. This study investigated the effects of pad thickness on measurements of skin
thickness in 10 beagle dogs. Sonograms to measure neck skin thickness were captured without pads and using pads with thicknesses of 3, 5, 10, and 20 mm. Without pads, acoustic shading was
observed due to air bubbles in the coupling gel. With 20-mm pads, echogenic artifacts were observed on the skin surface. Entry echo with 20-mm pads was significantly higher than with 3-mm
pads. This suggests that visibility of the skin structure could be affected when a gel pad is not used or when a thick gel pad is selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sothavy Chhay
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kiwamu Hanazono
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University.,Animal Medical Center, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Jo Kitahara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Ai Hori
- Animal Medical Center, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kenjiro Miyoshi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University.,Animal Medical Center, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Takaharu Itami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University.,Animal Medical Center, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Daiji Endoh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Tetsuya Nakade
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University.,Animal Medical Center, Rakuno Gakuen University
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Del Baldo F, Diana A, Canton C, Linta N, Chiocchetti R, Fracassi F. The Influence of Skin Thickness on Flash Glucose Monitoring System Accuracy in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020408. [PMID: 33562672 PMCID: PMC7914766 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS) has been validated for use in dogs with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. It continuously measures the glucose in the interstitial fluid through a small filament (5 mm long) inserted under the skin. Interstitial glucose concentrations are reportedly comparable to whole blood glucose concentrations. However, several factors can influence the performance of interstitial sensors, including the proportion of interstitial fluid in a tissue. The influence of skin thickness on flash glucose monitoring system accuracy has not been investigated in previous studies; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether FGMS accuracy is affected by skin thickness. On the basis of our results, skin thickness seems to affect FGMS measurements; the mean bias was significantly inversely correlated (p = 0.02; r = −0.6) with the mean skin thickness, and clinical accuracy according to ISO 15197:2013 criteria was observed only in dogs with skin thickness > 5 mm, with 99% of the results falling in zone A + B of the Parkes consensus error grid analysis. In dogs with thin skin (<5 mm), the clinical accuracy was low, and the results should be interpreted with caution. Abstract A flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS) has been validated for use in diabetic dogs. However, it is unknown whether skin thickness affects FGMS measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether FGMS accuracy is affected by skin thickness. Fourteen client-owned diabetic dogs on insulin treatment were prospectively enrolled in the study. The dogs were divided into two groups according to their ultrasound-measured skin thickness: dogs with skin thickness < 5 mm (Group 1) and dogs with skin thickness > 5 mm (Group 2). On days 1, 7 and 14, glucose curves were obtained simultaneously using the FGMS and a validated portable blood glucose meter. Paired measurements were used to calculate the mean bias and to determine accuracy according to ISO 15197:2013 criteria. The mean bias was significantly inversely correlated (p = 0.02; r = −0.6) with the mean skin thickness. Clinical accuracy was observed only in Group 2, with 99% of the results in zone A + B of the Parkes consensus error grid analysis. In conclusion, skin thickness seems to affect FGMS measurements, and the device is accurate in dogs with thicker skin (>5 mm); in dogs with thin skin (<5 mm), the clinical accuracy is low, and the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Determination of Spearman Correlation Coefficient ( r) to Evaluate the Linear Association of Dermal Collagen and Elastic Fibers in the Perspectives of Skin Injury. Dermatol Res Pract 2018; 2018:4512840. [PMID: 29853856 PMCID: PMC5954912 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4512840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Difference in scar formation at different sites, in different directions at the same site, but with changes in the elasticity of skin with age, sex, and race or in some pathological conditions, is well known to clinicians. The inappropriate collagen syntheses and delayed or lack of epithelialization are known to induce scar formation with negligible elasticity at the site of damage. Changes in the elasticity of scars may be due to an unequal distribution of dermal collagen (C) and elastic (E) fibers. Materials and Methods Spearman correlation coefficients (r) of collagen and elastic fibers in horizontal (H) and in vertical (V) directions (variables CV, CH, EV, and EH) were measured from the respective quantitative fraction data in 320 skin samples from 32 human cadavers collected at five selected sites over extremities. Results Spearman's correlation analysis revealed the statistically significant (p < 0.01) strong positive correlation between CH and CV in all the areas, that is, shoulder joint area (r = 0.66), wrist (r = 0.75), forearm (r = 0.75), and thigh (r = 0.80), except at the ankle (r = 0.26, p = 0.14) region. Similarly, positive correlation between EH and EV has been observed at the forearm (r = 0.65, moderate) and thigh (r = 0.42, low) regions. However, a significant moderate negative correlation was observed between CV and EV at the forearm (r = −0.51) and between CH and EH at the thigh region (r = −0.65). Conclusion Significant differences of correlations of collagen and elastic fibers in different directions from different areas of extremities were noted. This may be one of the possible anatomical reasons of scar behavior in different areas and different directions of the same area.
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Kubicek L, Vanderhart D, Wirth K, An Q, Chang M, Farese J, Bova F, Sudhyadhom A, Kow K, Bacon NJ, Milner R. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND FRACTURES FOLLOWING STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IN DOGS WITH APPENDICULAR OSTEOSARCOMA. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:321-30. [PMID: 26916056 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this observational, descriptive, retrospective study was to report CT characteristics associated with fractures following stereotactic radiosurgery in canine patients with appendicular osteosarcoma. Medical records (1999 and 2012) of dogs that had a diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma and undergone stereotactic radiosurgery were reviewed. Dogs were included in the study if they had undergone stereotactic radiosurgery for an aggressive bone lesion with follow-up information regarding fracture status, toxicity, and date and cause of death. Computed tomography details, staging, chemotherapy, toxicity, fracture status and survival data were recorded. Overall median survival time (MST) and fracture rates of treated dogs were calculated. CT characteristics were evaluated for association with time to fracture. Forty-six dogs met inclusion criteria. The median overall survival time was 9.7 months (95% CI: 6.9-14.3 months). The fracture-free rates at 3, 6, and 9 months were 73%, 44%, and 38% (95% CI: 60-86%, 29-60%, and 22-54%), respectively. The region of bone affected was significantly associated with time to fracture. The median time to fracture was 4.2 months in dogs with subchondral bone involvement and 16.3 months in dogs without subchondral bone involvement (P-value = 0.027, log-rank test). Acute and late skin effects were present in 58% and 16% of patients, respectively. Findings demonstrated a need for improved patient selection for this procedure, which can be aided by CT-based prognostic factors to predict the likelihood of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Kubicek
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611.,Angell Animal Medical Center, Jamaica Plain, MA, Boston, MA, 02130
| | - Daniel Vanderhart
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Kimberly Wirth
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Qi An
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Myron Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - James Farese
- Pet Emergency and Specialty Center of Marin, San Rafael, CA, 94901
| | - Francis Bova
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Atchar Sudhyadhom
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Kelvin Kow
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Nicholas J Bacon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Rowan Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
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Mantis P, Tontis D, Church D, Lloyd D, Stevens K, Balomenos D, Gouletsou PG, Gianoulopoulos G, Doukas D, Galatos AD, Saridomichelakis M. High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy of the normal canine haired skin. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:176-e45. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mantis
- Department of Clinical Science and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Thessaly; Trikalon Street 224 GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tontis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Thessaly; Trikalon Street 224 GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - David Church
- Department of Clinical Science and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - David Lloyd
- Department of Clinical Science and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - Kim Stevens
- Department of Clinical Science and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - Dimitrios Balomenos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Thessaly; Trikalon Street 224 GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Pagona G. Gouletsou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Thessaly; Trikalon Street 224 GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Giorgos Gianoulopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Thessaly; Trikalon Street 224 GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Dimitrios Doukas
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Thessaly; Trikalon Street 224 GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Apostolos D. Galatos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Thessaly; Trikalon Street 224 GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Manolis Saridomichelakis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Thessaly; Trikalon Street 224 GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
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