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Cardoso GS, Amorim R. Bone Regenerate Evaluation Methods. Rev Bras Ortop 2024; 59:e1-e9. [PMID: 38524725 PMCID: PMC10957264 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction by Ilizarov, the distraction osteogenesis technique has been used to treat trauma-related conditions, infections, bone tumors, and congenital diseases, either as methods of bone transport or elongation. One of the major dilemmas for the orthopedic surgeon who performs osteogenic distraction is establishing a reproducible method of assessing the progression of the osteogenesis, enabling the early detection of regenerate failures, in order to effectively interfere during treatment, and to determine the appropriate time to remove the external fixator. Several quantitative monitoring methods to evaluate the structural recovery and biomechanical properties of the bone regenerate at different stages, as well as the bone healing process, are under study. These methods can reveal data on bone metabolism, stiffness, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density. The present review comprehensively summarizes the most recent techniques to assess bone healing during osteogenic distraction, including conventional radiography and pixel values in digital radiology, ultrasonography, bone densitometry and scintigraphy, quantitative computed tomography, biomechanical evaluation, biochemical markers, and mathematical models. We believe it is crucial to know the different methods currently available, and we understand that using several monitoring methods simultaneously can be an ideal solution, pointing to a future direction in the follow-up of osteogenic distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracielle Silva Cardoso
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Renato Amorim
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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2
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Nia A, Jeremic N, Popp D, Schmoelz L, Patsch J, Döring K, Weber M, Synek A, Pahr DH, Aldrian S. Feasibility of aluminum phantom radiography for osteoporosis detection in postmenopausal women with a fragility fracture of the distal radius compared to DXA and HR-pQCT. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:1774-1780. [PMID: 36694475 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, promising results have been reported for detection of osteoporosis with use of an aluminum phantom. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of radiography-based bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using a graded aluminum phantom. This study included 27 postmenopausal women with a distal radius fracture. Aluminum phantom radiography of the healthy radius was conducted as well as high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) measurement of the ultradistal radius and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the radius, spine, and hip. A strong correlation was observed between aluminum phantom radiography-based mean gray value (mGV) and DXA-derived BMD, especially for the ultradistal radius (ρ = 0.75; p < 0.001). A moderate correlation for the femoral neck (ρ = 0.61 and p < 0.001) between modalities was found. Radius mGV and HR-pQCT-derived BMD only showed a moderate correlation (ρ = 0.48; p < 0.09). Aluminum phantom radiography might serve as a cost efficient, highly available, low-radiation dose screening, and diagnostic method for osteoporosis additively to DXA measurements. Especially, an application in areas with constrained DXA availability and such as preoperative trauma settings would be beneficial. However, further investigation and assessment of specificity and sensitivity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arastoo Nia
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natasa Jeremic
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Domenik Popp
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Schmoelz
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janina Patsch
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Döring
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Synek
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Dieter H Pahr
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Wien, Austria
- Division Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Silke Aldrian
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Liu Q, Liu Z, Guo H, Liang J, Zhang Y. The progress in quantitative evaluation of callus during distraction osteogenesis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:490. [PMID: 35610718 PMCID: PMC9128294 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The manual monitoring of callus with digital radiography (X-ray) is the primary bone healing evaluation, assessing the number of bridged callus formations. However, this method is subjective and nonquantitative. Recently, several quantitative monitoring methods, which could assess the recovery of the structure and biomechanical properties of the callus at different stages and the process of bone healing, have been extensively investigated. These methods could reflect the bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), stiffness, callus and bone metabolism at the site of bone lengthening. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the latest techniques for evaluating bone healing during distraction osteogenesis (DO): 1) digital radiography; 2) dual-energy X-ray scanning; 3) ultrasound; 4) quantitative computed tomography; 5) biomechanical evaluation; and 6) biochemical markers. This evidence will provide novel and significant information for evaluating bone healing during DO in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Burti S, Longhin Osti V, Zotti A, Banzato T. Use of deep learning to detect cardiomegaly on thoracic radiographs in dogs. Vet J 2020; 262:105505. [PMID: 32792095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-aided detection (CAD) device based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect cardiomegaly from plain radiographs in dogs. Right lateral chest radiographs (n = 1465) were retrospectively selected from archives. The radiographs were classified as having a normal cardiac silhouette (No-vertebral heart scale [VHS]-Cardiomegaly) or an enlarged cardiac silhouette (VHS-Cardiomegaly) based on the breed-specific VHS. The database was divided into a training set (1153 images) and a test set (315 images). The diagnostic accuracy of four different CNN models in the detection of cardiomegaly was calculated using the test set. All tested models had an area under the curve >0.9, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy. There was a statistically significant difference between Model C and the remainder models (Model A vs. Model C, P = 0.0298; Model B vs. Model C, P = 0.003; Model C vs. Model D, P = 0.0018), but there were no significant differences between other combinations of models (Model A vs. Model B, P = 0.395; Model A vs. Model D, P = 0.128; Model B vs. Model D, P = 0.373). Convolutional neural networks could therefore assist veterinarians in detecting cardiomegaly in dogs from plain radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Burti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - V Longhin Osti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - A Zotti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - T Banzato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
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Maetani A, Ohtani M, Hatate K, Matsumoto K, Yamagishi N. Effect of dietary difructose anhydride III supplementation on bone mineral density and calcium metabolism in late-lactation dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1061-1067. [PMID: 29760322 PMCID: PMC6068292 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 28 days of dietary difructose anhydride (DFA) III supplementation on calcium (Ca) metabolism in late-lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous pregnant Holstein cows were divided into two groups. The DFA group was fed total mixed ration (TMR) supplemented with 40 g of DFA III, and the control group was fed TMR only. The replenishment of bone Ca reserves was evaluated by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) and blood biochemical bone markers. Serum Ca concentrations, urinary Ca-to-creatinine (Cre) (Ca/Cre) ratios, and milk Ca concentrations were also analyzed. The BMD of the 4th caudal vertebra in the DFA group was higher than in the control group on day 28. With respect to bone markers, the ratios of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) to osteocalcin (OC) in the DFA group were significantly lower than those in the control group on days 21 and 28. Milk Ca concentrations in the DFA group were also higher than those in the control group on days 14, 21, and 28, whereas serum Ca concentrations and urinary Ca/Cre ratios were unchanged in both groups. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with DFA III increased BMD and decreased serum ucOC/OC ratios in late-lactation dairy cows; this indicates that the replenishment of bone Ca reserves may be enhanced by dietary DFA III supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Maetani
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0831, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtani
- Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0831, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hatate
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Yamagishi
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Lucas K, Nolte I, Galindo-Zamora V, Lerch M, Stukenborg-Colsman C, Behrens BA, Bouguecha A, Betancur S, Almohallami A, Wefstaedt P. Comparative measurements of bone mineral density and bone contrast values in canine femora using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and conventional digital radiography. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:130. [PMID: 28490330 PMCID: PMC5426025 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening due to bone remodelling processes after total hip replacement is one common cause for revision surgery. In human medicine, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for quantitative evaluation of bone mineral density, whereas in veterinary medicine conventional radiography is used for follow-up studies. Recently, a method has been described using digital X-ray images for quantitative assessment of grey scale values of bone contrast. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA with grey scale values (GV) measured in digital X-ray images (RX50, RX66) ex vivo. RESULTS The measured GV in the chosen X-ray settings showed on average a good correlation (r = 0.61) to the measured BMD with DEXA. Correlation between the two X-ray settings was very good (r = 0.81). For comparisons among regions of interests (ROIs) a difference of 8.2% was found to be statistically significant, whereas in the case of RX50 and RX66 differences of 5.3% and 4.1% were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that measuring absolute changes in bone mineral density might be possible using digital radiography. Not all significant differences between ROIs detectable with DEXA can be displayed in the X-ray images because of the lower sensitivity of the radiographs. However, direct comparison of grey scale values of the periprosthetic femur in one individual patient during the follow-up period, in order to predict bone remodelling processes, should be possible, but with a lesser sensitivity than with DEXA. It is important that the same X-ray settings are chosen for each patient for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lucas
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - I Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - V Galindo-Zamora
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - B A Behrens
- Institute of Forming Technology and Machines, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Bouguecha
- Institute of Forming Technology and Machines, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Betancur
- Institute of Forming Technology and Machines, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Almohallami
- Institute of Forming Technology and Machines, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Wefstaedt
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
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Maetani A, Itoh M, Nishihara K, Aoki T, Ohtani M, Shibano K, Kayano M, Yamada K. Experimental assessment of bone mineral density using quantitative computed tomography in holstein dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1209-11. [PMID: 27075115 PMCID: PMC4976281 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by
quantitative computed tomography (QCT), comparing the relationships of BMD between QCT and
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and between QCT and radiographic absorptiometry
(RA) in the metacarpal bone of Holstein dairy cows (n=27). A significant positive
correlation was found between QCT and DXA measurements (r=0.70,
P<0.01), and a significant correlation was found between QCT and RA
measurements (r=0.50, P<0.01). We conclude that QCT
provides quantitative evaluation of BMD in dairy cows, because BMD measured by QCT showed
positive correlations with BMD measured by the two conventional methods: DXA and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Maetani
- Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0831, Japan
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YAMADA K, SATO F, HIGUCHI T, NISHIHARA K, KAYANO M, SASAKI N, NAMBO Y. Experimental investigation of bone mineral density in Thoroughbreds using quantitative computed tomography. J Equine Sci 2015; 26:81-7. [PMID: 26435681 PMCID: PMC4591414 DOI: 10.1294/jes.26.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the indications of the strength and health. BMD measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was compared with that measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Limbs were removed from horses that had been euthanized for reasons not associated with this study. Sixteen limbs (left and right metacarpals and metatarsals) from 4 horses were used to compare BMD as measured by QCT with those measured by DXA and RBAE. There was a strong correlation between BMD values measured by QCT and those measured by DXA (R(2)=0.85); correlation was also observed between values obtained by QCT and those obtained by RBAE (R(2)=0.61). To investigate changes in BMD with age, 37 right metacarpal bones, including 7 from horses euthanized because of fracture were examined by QCT. The BMD value of samples from horses dramatically increased until 2 years of age and then plateaued, a pattern similar to the growth curve. The BMD values of bone samples from horses euthanized because of fracture were within the population range, and samples of morbid fracture were not included. The relationship between BMD and age provides a reference for further quantitative studies of bone development and remodeling. Quantitative measurement of BMD using QCT may have great potential for the evaluation of bone biology for breeding and rearing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka YAMADA
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Fumio SATO
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | | | - Kaori NISHIHARA
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsunori KAYANO
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki SASAKI
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuo NAMBO
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Bowen AJ, Burd MA, Craig JJ, Craig M. Radiographic Calibration for Analysis of Bone Mineral Density of the Equine Third Metacarpal Bone. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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