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Niwa H, Higuchi T, Fujii S, Kinoshita Y, Uchida-Fujii E, Sueyoshi M, Nukada T, Ueno T. Prevalence of equine proliferative enteropathy in Hidaka district, Hokkaido, over five seasons. J Equine Sci 2022; 33:71-74. [PMID: 36699202 PMCID: PMC9843160 DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is an equine infectious disease that can lead to severe weight loss and hyperplasia of the intestinal mucosa due to infection with Lawsonia intracellularis. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of EPE in a major Thoroughbred breeding area: Hidaka district, Hokkaido, Japan. Of the 252 symptomatic horses that we tested, 192 EPE cases (76.2%), including 8 fatal cases, were confirmed from April 2015 to March 2020 by etiological and/or serological investigation. Most of the EPE cases were observed in foals (88.5%), with fewer cases in yearlings (7.3%) and adults (4.2%). Asymptomatic infection was observed in 62.9% of the horses kept with affected horses. These results suggest that EPE is an enzootic disease in Hidaka district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Niwa
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Toru Higuchi
- Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Hokkaido 053-0021, Japan
| | - Seiichi Fujii
- Hokkaido Hidaka Livestock Hygiene Service Centre, Hokkaido 056-0003, Japan
| | - Yuta Kinoshita
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Eri Uchida-Fujii
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Masuo Sueyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Toshio Nukada
- Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga, 520-3005, Japan
| | - Takanori Ueno
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
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Ueno Y, Uemura R, Niwa H, Higuchi T, Sekiguchi S, Sasaki Y, Sueyoshi M. Total serum protein reference value as a clinical diagnostic index of equine proliferative enteropathy. J Equine Sci 2019; 30:63-67. [PMID: 31592224 PMCID: PMC6773620 DOI: 10.1294/jes.30.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) caused by Lawsonia intracellularis is characterized by hypoproteinemia. There are currently no reliable reports that provide a reference value for the total serum protein (TP) concentration to clinically diagnose EPE. The objective of this study was to statistically determine the reference value. Feces and sera of 99 foals with EPE-like clinical signs and of 35 healthy foals were obtained. The samples were used for specific-gene detection of L. intracellularis, TP measurement, and specific-antibody detection against L. intracellularis. Based on these results, the optimal reference value for the TP concentration as a clinical diagnostic index of EPE was found to be ≤ 4.8 g/dl. This clinical diagnostic index will provide an effective approach for diagnosing EPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Ueno
- KM Biologics Co., Ltd., Kumamoto 860-8568, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Niwa
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Toru Higuchi
- Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, NOSAI Minami, Hokkaido 053-0021, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sasaki
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masuo Sueyoshi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7167529 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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ENDO Y, NIWA H, KATAYAMA Y, MURASE H, SATO F, KOROSUE K, ISHIMARU M, SUEYOSHI M. Lawsonia intracellularis Infection in Thoroughbred Foals on a Breeding Farm in Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.12935/jvma.68.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro ENDO
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association
| | - Hidekazu NIWA
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association
| | - Yoshinori KATAYAMA
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association
| | - Harutaka MURASE
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association
| | - Fumio SATO
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association
| | - Kenji KOROSUE
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association
| | | | - Masuo SUEYOSHI
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki
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Nowland MH, Brammer DW, Garcia A, Rush HG. Biology and Diseases of Rabbits. LABORATORY ANIMAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMCID: PMC7150064 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Beginning in 1931, an inbred rabbit colony was developed at the Phipps Institute for the Study, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis at the University of Pennsylvania. This colony was used to study natural resistance to infection with tuberculosis (Robertson et al., 1966). Other inbred colonies or well-defined breeding colonies were also developed at the University of Illinois College of Medicine Center for Genetics, the Laboratories of the International Health Division of The Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, and Jackson Laboratories. These colonies were moved or closed in the years to follow. Since 1973, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has reported the total number of certain species of animals used by registered research facilities (1997). In 1973, 447,570 rabbits were used in research. There has been an overall decrease in numbers of rabbits used. This decreasing trend started in the mid-1990s. In 2010, 210,172 rabbits were used in research. Despite the overall drop in the number used in research, the rabbit is still a valuable model and tool for many disciplines.
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Page AE, Stills HF, Horohov DW. Sub-isotypic differences in the immunoglobulin G response to Lawsonia intracellularis in vaccinated, seropositive, and equine proliferative enteropathy-affected horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 162:162-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Page AE, Slovis NM, Horohov DW. Lawsonia intracellularis and Equine Proliferative Enteropathy. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2014; 30:641-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-P. Lavoie
- Université de Montréal - Clinical Sciences; St-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
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Page AE, Stills HF, Horohov DW. The effect of passively acquired antibodies onLawsonia intracellularisinfection and immunity in the horse. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:655-61. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Page
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center; University of Kentucky; Lexington USA
| | - H. F. Stills
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; University of Kentucky; Lexington USA
| | - D. W. Horohov
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center; University of Kentucky; Lexington USA
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Pusterla N, Gebhart CJ, Lavoie JP, Drolet R. Lawsonia intracellularis. EQUINE INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014. [PMCID: PMC7151967 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0891-8.00034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pusterla N, Gebhart C. Lawsonia intracellularis infection and proliferative enteropathy in foals. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:34-41. [PMID: 23871678 PMCID: PMC7126703 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is a disease of foals caused by the obligate intracellular organism Lawsonia intracellularis. This organism is unique in that it causes proliferation of infected enterocytes, resulting in thickening of the intestinal epithelium, most often the small intestine. This disease affects mainly weanling foals and causes fever, lethargy, peripheral edema, diarrhea, colic and weight loss. The diagnosis of EPE may be challenging and relies on the presence of hypoproteinemia, thickening of segments of the small intestinal wall observed on abdominal ultrasonography, positive serology and molecular detection of L. intracellularis in feces. The epidemiology and genetic basis for pathogenesis for this disease is beginning to be elucidated. Phenotypic traits, genomic features, and gene expression profiles during L. intracellularis infection in vitro and in vivo are presented. In addition, this article reviews the epidemiology, pathological and clinicopathological findings, diagnosis, and control of EPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pusterla
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Pusterla N, Gebhart CJ. Equine proliferative enteropathy--a review of recent developments. Equine Vet J 2013; 45:403-9. [PMID: 23662705 PMCID: PMC7163532 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is a disease of foals caused by the obligate intracellular organism Lawsonia intracellularis. This emerging disease affects mainly weanling foals and causes fever, lethargy, peripheral oedema, diarrhoea, colic and weight loss. The diagnosis of EPE may be challenging and relies on the presence of hypoproteinaemia, thickening of segments of the small intestinal wall observed upon abdominal ultrasonography, positive serology and molecular detection of L. intracellularis in faeces. Although the clinical entity, diagnostic approach and treatment of EPE are well established and described, the epidemiology for this disease has remained largely unaddressed. This article focuses on new developments in the field of EPE, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pusterla
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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