|
1
|
Schwarz E, Jebbawi F, Keller G, Rhiner T, Fricker A, Waldern N, Canonica F, Schoster A, Fettelschoss-Gabriel A. Phenotypic Shift of an Inflammatory Eosinophil Subset into a Steady-State Resident Phenotype after 2 Years of Vaccination against IL-5 in Equine Insect Bite Hypersensitivity. Vet Sci 2024; 11:476. [PMID: 39453068 PMCID: PMC11512288 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play a key role in allergic diseases such as insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH). Together with Th2 cells, they shape the course of inflammation in associated type I/IVb allergies. Therefore, a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine targeting equine interleukin-5 (eIL-5), eIL-5-CuMV-TT, was developed to interfere with the IL-5 dependency of eosinophils by inducing the production of anti-self-IL-5 antibodies and alleviating clinical signs in IBH-affected horses. A previous study highlighted the presence of two eosinophil subsets, steady-state resident eosinophils (rEos) and inflammatory eosinophils (iEos), circulating in the blood of healthy and IBH-affected horses, distinguishable by the expression of integrin CD49f. Furthermore, eIL-5-CuMV-TT 1st year vaccination showed a significant decrease of total eosinophils and, in particular, iEos. Nevertheless, the very few remaining eosinophils still shared an iEos phenotype, reflected by bigger size and higher granularity. The aim of this study was to follow up on the phenotype of eosinophils in the 2nd year of vaccination of IBH-affected horses with eIL-5-CuMV-TT. Using flow cytometry analysis of the blood of healthy, IBH, IBH-placebo, and IBH-vaccinated horses, the percentage and count of cells were compared between groups with a focus on pair analysis of eosinophils in 1st and 2nd year vaccinated horses. Our data showed comparably low levels of iEos and a significant increase of rEos in 2nd year compared to 1st year vaccinated horses, suggesting a phenotypic shift toward a resident-like eosinophil population, primarily associated with the phenotype of healthy horses. The reduction of size, granularity, and expression of integrin CD49f in the 2nd year suggests a benefit of long-term treatment with the eIL-5-CuMV-TT vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elio Schwarz
- Evax AG, Im Binz 3, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland; (E.S.); (F.J.); (G.K.); (T.R.); (A.F.); (N.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Fadi Jebbawi
- Evax AG, Im Binz 3, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland; (E.S.); (F.J.); (G.K.); (T.R.); (A.F.); (N.W.); (F.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Keller
- Evax AG, Im Binz 3, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland; (E.S.); (F.J.); (G.K.); (T.R.); (A.F.); (N.W.); (F.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanya Rhiner
- Evax AG, Im Binz 3, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland; (E.S.); (F.J.); (G.K.); (T.R.); (A.F.); (N.W.); (F.C.)
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Anna Fricker
- Evax AG, Im Binz 3, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland; (E.S.); (F.J.); (G.K.); (T.R.); (A.F.); (N.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Nina Waldern
- Evax AG, Im Binz 3, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland; (E.S.); (F.J.); (G.K.); (T.R.); (A.F.); (N.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabia Canonica
- Evax AG, Im Binz 3, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland; (E.S.); (F.J.); (G.K.); (T.R.); (A.F.); (N.W.); (F.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Schoster
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Antonia Fettelschoss-Gabriel
- Evax AG, Im Binz 3, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland; (E.S.); (F.J.); (G.K.); (T.R.); (A.F.); (N.W.); (F.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Bieber T. Insights into immunoglobulin E-mediated late-phase reactions in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:305-6. [PMID: 25124176 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|