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Omidian H, Wilson RL. Long-Acting Gel Formulations: Advancing Drug Delivery across Diverse Therapeutic Areas. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:493. [PMID: 38675454 PMCID: PMC11053897 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This multifaceted landscape of long-acting gels in diverse medical fields, aims to enhance therapeutic outcomes through localized treatment and controlled drug release. The objective involves advancements spanning cancer treatment, immunotherapy, diabetes management, neuroendocrine disorders, ophthalmic applications, contraception, HIV/AIDS treatment, chronic diseases, wound care, and antimicrobial treatments. It explores the potential of long-acting gels to offer sustained and extended drug release, targeted therapy, and innovative administration routes while addressing limitations such as scalability challenges and regulatory hurdles. Future directions focus on personalized therapies, biodegradability, combination therapies, interdisciplinary innovation, regulatory considerations, and patient-centric development. This comprehensive review highlights the pivotal role of long-acting gels in transforming therapeutic approaches and improving patient outcomes across various medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
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Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Hawkins MG. Treatment of Pain in Birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:83-120. [PMID: 36402490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the current understanding of evidence-based clinical analgesic use in birds. The field of avian analgesia has dramatically expanded during the last 20 years, affording more options for alleviating both acute and chronic pain. These options include opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, and/or other drugs like gabapentin, amantadine, and cannabinoids, acting at different points in the nociceptive system thereby helping to provide greater pain relief while reducing the risk of adverse effects when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Michelle G Hawkins
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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A Critical Review of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Opioid Medications Used in Avian Patients. BIRDS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/birds3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid drugs are used to manage moderate to severe pain in mammals and avian species. In dosing opioids for a particular species, it is optimal to use dosing regimens based on pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics studies conducted in the same species as variability in the physiology among different species may result in differences in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Unfortunately, dosing regimens are typically extrapolated from closely related avian species or even mammals, which is unideal. Therefore, this critical review aims to collate and evaluate the dosing regimens of selected opioids: tramadol, hydromorphone, buprenorphine, butorphanol, and fentanyl, in avian species and its related safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic data. Our review found specific dosing regimens not described in the Exotic Animal Formulary for tramadol used in Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) and Hispaniolan Parrot (Amazona ventralis); hydromorphone used in Orange-winged Parrot (Amazona amazonica); buprenorphine used in Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) and Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus); and butorphanol used in Hispaniolan Parrot (Amazona ventralis), Broiler Chicken and Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus). Cockatiel appeared to not experience analgesic effects for hydromorphone and buprenorphine, and American Kestrel exhibited sex-dependent responses to opioids. The selected opioids were observed to be generally safe, with adverse effects being dose-dependent.
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Laniesse D, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Smith DA, Douglas JM, Mosley C, Beaufrère H, Paul-Murphy J. Evaluation of the thermal antinociceptive effects of subcutaneous administration of butorphanol tartrate or butorphanol tartrate in a sustained-release poloxamer 407 gel formulation to orange-winged Amazon parrots ( Amazona amazonica). Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:543-550. [PMID: 32584180 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.7.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the thermal antinociceptive effects of butorphanol tartrate and butorphanol tartrate in a sustained-release 25% poloxamer 407 (P407) gel formulation (But-P407) in parrots. ANIMALS 13 orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica). PROCEDURES First, butorphanol tartrate (5 mg/kg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered IM to birds in a randomized complete crossover design. The temperature prompting a foot withdrawal response to a thermal stimulus (ie, the thermal threshold) was determined 30 minutes before (baseline) and at various points after treatment administration. Second, But-P407 (12.5 mg/kg) or P407 was administered SC in a similar crossover design. Thermal threshold was determined before and at various points after treatment administration. Third, But-P407 (12.5 mg/kg) or saline solution was administered SC and evaluated as in the second trial. Sedation was scored immediately before each time point in all 3 trials. RESULTS In the first trial, a significant increase in thermal threshold was noted 30 minutes after butorphanol tartrate (vs saline solution) administration. No sedation was noted. In the second and third trials, no significant difference was identified between results for But-P407 and those for either control treatment (saline solution or P407). Mild sedation was noted in the second trial following But-P407 administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested a small but significant thermal antinociceptive effect of butorphanol tartrate lasting between 30 minutes and 1.5 hours in orange-winged Amazon parrots. No antinociceptive effect of butorphanol tartrate was demonstrated when delivered in P407. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential analgesic effects of But-P407.
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Abstract
Treatment of avian renal disease relies on supportive care, such as fluid therapy and nutritional support. Analgesia and adaptations of the environment are indicated in cases of renal disease associated with painful joints. Other treatments vary with the underlying etiology and may include systemic antibiotics, antifungal therapy, vitamin A supplementation, or chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Cojean
- Zoological Medicine Service, Clinique vétérinaire Benjamin Franklin, 38 rue du Danemark, ZA Porte Océane II, Brech 56400, France
| | - Sylvain Larrat
- Zoological Medicine Service, Clinique vétérinaire Benjamin Franklin, 38 rue du Danemark, ZA Porte Océane II, Brech 56400, France
| | - Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Service de médecine zoologique, Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Coutant T, Laniesse D, Sykes JM. Advances in Therapeutics and Delayed Drug Release. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2019; 22:501-520. [PMID: 31395328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the frequency of drug administration in the treatment of exotic pets is advantageous because it may decrease handling frequency and thus potential stress and injury risk for the animal, increase owner compliance with the prescribed treatment, and decrease need for general anesthesia in patients that cannot be handled safely. Increasing efficient drug plasma concentration using sustained-released delivery systems is an appealing solution. Potential candidates that could provide a promising solution have been investigated in exotic pets. In this article, the technologies that are the closest to being integrated in exotic pet medicine are reviewed: osmotic pumps, nanoparticles, and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Coutant
- Service NAC, CHV Fregis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France.
| | - Delphine Laniesse
- Eläinsairaala Evidensia Tammisto Vantaa, Tammiston Kauppatie 29, Vantaa 01510, Finland
| | - John M Sykes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Zoological Health Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
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Booty SJ, Harding DRK, Whitby CP, Gater M, Chambers P, Singh PM. Sustained-Release Injectable Hydrogel Formulations for Administration of Sodium Salicylate in Broiler Chickens. J Avian Med Surg 2019; 32:294-300. [PMID: 31112642 DOI: 10.1647/2017-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We developed injectable hydrogels for the slow release of analgesic drugs in birds as an in vivo model of pharmacokinetics in wild avian species. Hydrogels loaded with sodium salicylate (NaSA) were injected subcutaneously in Ross broiler chickens. The hydrogels were made by dissolving sodium alginate and NaSA in water at 2 different concentrations (low, LALG; high, HALG) and then adding calcium chloride. In vitro drug release studies were performed by swelling the hydrogels in water and analyzing serial samples by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Dried hydrogel films of the same formulations of the two alginate concentrations then were dissolved in sterile water for the in vivo pharmacokinetic study conducted in 18 chickens divided into 3 groups of 6 birds. Each of the 2 resultant NaSA hydrogel solutions were filtered with 0.2-µm syringe filters before injecting at a NaSA dose of 150 mg/kg SC in the respective LALG or HALG groups. The control group was injected SC with the same dose of NaSA dissolved in water. Pharmacokinetics parameters calculated by the compartmental and noncompartmental approaches were compared among the 3 groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results of in vitro studies showed that both hydrogels released 80% of the drug during the first 3.5 hours. Results of the pharmacokinetic study indicated that NaSA concentrations remained above the minimum effective concentration (MEC) for analgesia in humans for 24 ± 8.9 (LALG) to 26 ± 4 (HALG) hours for the hydrogel formulations compared to 10 ± 5.6 hours for the aqueous formulation. These hydrogel formulations may have potential in providing long-term analgesia in avian species, but need further evaluation with pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Booty
- Institutes of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 11222, New Zealand
| | - David R K Harding
- Institutes of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 11222, New Zealand
| | - Catherine P Whitby
- Institutes of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 11222, New Zealand
| | - Margaret Gater
- Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 11222, New Zealand
| | - Paul Chambers
- Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 11222, New Zealand
| | - Preet M Singh
- Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 11222, New Zealand
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Booty SJ, Harding DRK, Whitby CP, Gater M, Chambers P. Sustained-Release Injectable Hydrogel Formulations for Administration of Sodium Salicylate in Broiler Chickens. J Avian Med Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1647/2018-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Booty
- From the Institutes of Fundamental Sciences (Booty, Harding, Whitby); and Veterinary, Animal, and Bi
| | - David R. K. Harding
- From the Institutes of Fundamental Sciences (Booty, Harding, Whitby); and Veterinary, Animal, and Bi
| | - Catherine P. Whitby
- From the Institutes of Fundamental Sciences (Booty, Harding, Whitby); and Veterinary, Animal, and Bi
| | - Margaret Gater
- From the Institutes of Fundamental Sciences (Booty, Harding, Whitby); and Veterinary, Animal, and Bi
| | - Paul Chambers
- From the Institutes of Fundamental Sciences (Booty, Harding, Whitby); and Veterinary, Animal, and Bi
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Pascoe PJ, Pypendop BH, Pavez Phillips JC, DiMaio Knych HK, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Hawkins MG. Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl after intravenous administration in isoflurane-anesthetized red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:606-613. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.6.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hawkins MG, Pascoe PJ, DiMaio Knych HK, Drazenovich TL, Kass PH, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D. Effects of three fentanyl plasma concentrations on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:600-605. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.6.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Powers LV, Davidson G. Compounding and Extralabel Use of Drugs in Exotic Animal Medicine. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2018; 21:195-214. [PMID: 29655467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Extralabel drug use is the use of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug in a manner different from what is stipulated on the approved label. Compounding is the process of preparing a medication in a manner not indicated on the label to create a formulation specifically tailored to the needs of an individual patient. Extralabel drug use and compounding are vital aspects of safe and effective drug delivery to patients in exotic animal practice. There are few FDA-approved drugs for exotic animal species, and many approved drugs for other species are not available in suitable formulations for use in exotic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Powers
- Avian and Exotic Pet Service, Carolina Veterinary Specialists, 12117 Statesville Road, Huntersville, NC 28078, USA.
| | - Gigi Davidson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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