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Kubai MA, Roy MM, Stinman CC, Kenne DE, Allbaugh RA, Sebbag L. Topical blood products modulate the effects of ophthalmic antibiotics against common bacterial pathogens in dogs with infectious keratitis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1417842. [PMID: 39071784 PMCID: PMC11282578 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1417842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is a common and serious condition that often leads to vision impairment and potential loss of the eye if not treated promptly and adequately. Topical blood products are often used concurrently with topical antibiotics, helping to mitigate corneal 'melt' from proteases released on the ocular surface. However, blood products are rich in albumin and could affect the efficacy of antibiotics due to drug-protein binding. In this study, serum and plasma samples were harvested from 10 healthy dogs and 10 healthy horses, obtaining fresh and frozen (1 month at -20°C) aliquots for in vitro experiments. Albumin levels were quantified using species-specific ELISA kits. Thirty bacteria (10 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, 10 Streptococcus canis, 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa), isolated from canine patients with infectious keratitis, were each tested with blank plates as well as commercial susceptibility plates (Sensititre™ JOEYE2) to assess the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17 different antibiotics in the absence (control) or presence of eight test groups: serum or plasma (fresh or frozen) from canines or equines. Albumin concentrations ranged from 13.8-14.6 mg/mL and 25.9-26.5 mg/mL in canine and equine blood products, respectively. A direct antimicrobial effect was observed mostly with equine vs. canine blood products (specifically serum and to a lesser degree plasma), and mostly for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates. MICs generally increased in the presence of blood products (up to 10.8-fold), although MICs also decreased (down to 0.25-fold) for selected antibiotics and ocular pathogens. Median (range) fold changes in MICs were significantly greater (p = 0.004) with the canine blood products [2 (0.67-8.1)] than the equine blood products [2 (0.5-5)]. In practice, clinicians should consider equine over canine blood products (lesser impact on antimicrobial susceptibility), serum over plasma (greater antimicrobial effects), and administering the blood product ≥15 min following the last antibiotic eyedrop to minimize the amount of albumin-antibiotic binding in tear film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Kubai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mackenzie M. Roy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chloe C. Stinman
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Danielle E. Kenne
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Thomasy SM, Leonard BC, Greiner MA, Skeie JM, Raghunathan VK. Squishy matters - Corneal mechanobiology in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101234. [PMID: 38176611 PMCID: PMC11193890 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The cornea, as a dynamic and responsive tissue, constantly interacts with mechanical forces in order to maintain its structural integrity, barrier function, transparency and refractive power. Cells within the cornea sense and respond to various mechanical forces that fundamentally regulate their morphology and fate in development, homeostasis and pathophysiology. Corneal cells also dynamically regulate their extracellular matrix (ECM) with ensuing cell-ECM crosstalk as the matrix serves as a dynamic signaling reservoir providing biophysical and biochemical cues to corneal cells. Here we provide an overview of mechanotransduction signaling pathways then delve into the recent advances in corneal mechanobiology, focusing on the interplay between mechanical forces and responses of the corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. We also identify species-specific differences in corneal biomechanics and mechanotransduction to facilitate identification of optimal animal models to study corneal wound healing, disease, and novel therapeutic interventions. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and therapeutic opportunities in corneal mechanobiology that are pressing for the research community to address especially pertinent within the domains of limbal stem cell deficiency, keratoconus and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. By furthering our understanding corneal mechanobiology, we can contextualize discoveries regarding corneal diseases as well as innovative treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mark A Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Jessica M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
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Liu J, Xu Y, Huang Y, Sun X, Peng Y, Song W, Yuan J, Ren L. Collagen membrane loaded with doxycycline through hydroxypropyl chitosan microspheres for the early reconstruction of alkali-burned cornea. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125188. [PMID: 37270120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corneal alkali burn is one of the most devastating ophthalmic emergencies correlated with remarkable morbidity resulting in severe visual impairment. Appropriate intervention in the acute phase determines the eventual outcome for later corneal restoration treatment. Since the epithelium plays an essential role in inhibiting inflammation and promoting tissue repair, sustained anti-matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and pro-epithelialization are the prior remedies during the first week. In this study, a drug-loaded collagen membrane (Dox-HCM/Col) that could be sutured to overlay the burned cornea was developed to accelerate the early reconstruction. Doxycycline (Dox), a specific inhibitor of MMPs, was encapsulated in collagen membrane (Col) through hydroxypropyl chitosan microspheres (HCM) to develop Dox-HCM/Col, affording a preferable pro-epithelialization microenvironment and an in-situ controlled release. Results showed that loading HCM into Col prolonged the release time to 7 days, and Dox-HCM/Col could significantly suppress the expression of MMP-9 and -13 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the membrane accelerated the corneal complete re-epithelialization and promoted early reconstruction within the first week. Overall, Dox-HCM/Col was a promising biomaterial membrane for treating alkali-burned cornea in the early stage, and our attempt may provide a clinically feasible method for the ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingni Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongrui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehai Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Proud Seeing Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China.
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Piso DYT, Barreto MYP, Bonilla MDPS, Rincón AC, Páez OLA, Rengifo CA, de Andrade AL. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on corneal re-epithelization and metalloproteinase expression in the cornea of sheep with experimentally-induced infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Vet World 2023; 16:799-810. [PMID: 37235149 PMCID: PMC10206962 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.799-810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is the most crucial ophthalmic disease among ruminants worldwide. Moraxella is the bacteria generally associated with this disease and leads to keratitis, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, or blindness. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) effects in corneal ulcers and different ocular superficial diseases in animals and humans are beneficial and enhance rapid healing and improvement, but the effects in infectious keratoconjunctivitis in ruminants are uncertain. This study aimed to examine the effect of PRP on re-epithelization, corneal tissue, clinical signs, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in sheep with infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Materials and Methods Eighteen sheep were divided into three groups and subjected to a disease-induction experiment. Group 1 (G1) was administered 1.0 mL PRP subconjunctivally, Group 2 (G2) was administered 1.0 mL PRP subconjunctivally and 50 μL gentamicin drops, and the control group (CG) was administered 50 μL saline solution topically every 12 h. Clinical ophthalmologic examination, fluorescein staining, and photography were carried out. Ulcerated areas were measured employing J-Image software. Five and eleven days following the procedure, half of the animals from each group were euthanized, and their corneas were evaluated by histopathology and zymography. Results Control Group and G2 epithelialized more rapidly. The CG exhibited fewer clinical signs of ocular disease. In histopathological analysis, in G2, alterations were observed only in the epithelium. The CG and G1 exhibited alterations in the epithelium, stroma, and Descemet's membrane. In zymography, a decline in MMP-2 expression in the animals treated with PRP was detected. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was significantly expressed in the animals treated with PRP monotherapy, whereas PRP + gentamicin and CG caused a decrease. Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma alone did not demonstrate any beneficial effect on re-epithelialization, a decline in clinical signs, tissue alterations, and expression of metalloproteinases. Platelet-rich plasma combined with gentamicin was capable of suppressing MMPs, primarily MMP-9, but do not display positive effects in re-epithelization, reduction of clinical signs, or tissue effects. These outcomes are similar to those discovered in untreated animals, so the use of PRP in patients with infectious keratoconjunctivitis does not offer greater benefits in sheep. Additional research is required to validate the results of PRP use in natural disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Yisela Trujillo Piso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Impronta Research Group, Cooperative University of Colombia, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Mónica Yamile Padilla Barreto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Impronta Research Group, Cooperative University of Colombia, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Maria del Pilar Sanchez Bonilla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Impronta Research Group, Cooperative University of Colombia, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Analorena Cifuentes Rincón
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Impronta Research Group, Cooperative University of Colombia, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Omar Leonardo Aristizábal Páez
- Department of Animal Health, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Research Group, University of Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Carlos Augusto Rengifo
- Department of Animal Health, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Research Group, University of Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Alexandre Lima de Andrade
- Department of Clinics, Surgery, and Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Aracatuba, SP Brazil
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Walter H, Verspohl J, Meißner J, Oltmanns H, Geks AK, Busse C. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of N-Acetylcysteine against Pathogens Most Commonly Associated with Infectious Keratitis in Dogs and Cats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030559. [PMID: 36978427 PMCID: PMC10044442 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against common pathogens associated with infectious keratitis in dogs and cats, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus (S.) pseudintermedius (n = 20), Streptococcus (St.) canis (n = 10) and Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa (n = 7) of canine and feline infectious ulcerative keratitis and a quality control strain (P. aeruginosa DSM 19880) were tested. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NAC concentrations was determined using microdilution methodology. For S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa, NAC concentrations in the range of 1.56 mg/mL (0.156%) to 100 mg/mL (10%), and for St. canis, concentrations ranging from 0.195 mg/mL (0.0195%) to 6.25 mg/mL (0.625%) were tested. For S. pseudintermedius, the MIC was 3.12 mg/mL (0.312%) for all tested isolates. For P. aeruginosa isolates and the quality control strain, the MIC ranged from 3.12 mg/mL (0.312%) to 6.25 mg/mL (0.625%). For St. canis, the MIC ranged from 1.56 mg/mL (0.156%) to 3.12 mg/mL (0.312%). NAC has an in vitro antimicrobial activity against three bacterial species commonly found in infectious keratitis in dogs and cats and therefore may be a promising alternative or adjuvant to topical antibiotics. The results warrant a clinical pilot study to assess the potential of NAC to reduce or replace the use of topical antibiotics in line with the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Jutta Verspohl
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Jessica Meißner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.M.); (H.O.)
| | - Hilke Oltmanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.M.); (H.O.)
| | - Anna Karoline Geks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Claudia Busse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-6200
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Diehm YF, Kotsougiani-Fischer D, Porst E, Haug V, Siegwart LC, Overhoff D, Kneser U, Fischer S. Oral doxycycline prevents skin-associated adverse effects induced by injectable collagenase in a rodent model of capsular contracture around silicone implants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270112. [PMID: 35793344 PMCID: PMC9258873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The collagenase of the bacterium Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) is already an established treatment for fibroproliferative diseases like M. Dupuytren and M. Peyronie Although results are comparable to surgical intervention, skin laceration is a severe and relevant side effect. Doxycycline (DOX) recently rose interest as an inhibitor of matrix-metalloproteinases alongside its capabilities of skin accumulation. It therefore might be a potential skin protective agent in the use of CCH. Methods For simulation of a fibroproliferative disease adjacent to the skin, we utilized a rodent model of capsular fibrosis involving silicone implants and subsequent fibrotic capsule formation. For in-vitro studies, fibrotic capsules were excised and incubated with 0.9 mg/ml CCH and four different doses of DOX. For in-vivo experiments, animals received 0.0, 0.3 or 0.9 mg/ml CCH injections into the fibrotic capsules with or without prior oral DOX administration. Outcome analysis included histology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression analysis, chemical collagen and DOX concentration measurements as well as μCT imaging. Results In-vitro, DOX showed a dose-dependent inhibition of CCH activity associated with increasing capsule thickness and collagen density and content. In-vivo, oral DOX administration did neither interfere with capsule formation nor in effectiveness of CCH dissolving fibrotic capsule tissue. However, skin thickness and especially collagen density was significantly higher compared to control groups. This led to a reduced rate of clinical skin lacerations after DOX administration. Conclusion DOX inhibits CCH and accumulates in the skin. Thereby, DOX can effectively reduce skin laceration after CCH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick F. Diehm
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen; University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kotsougiani-Fischer
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen; University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Elena Porst
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen; University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Valentin Haug
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen; University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Laura C. Siegwart
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen; University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Daniel Overhoff
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim—Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen; University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fischer
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen; University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Dees DD, Keys DA. Use of autologous serum or Vizoovet to improve healing rates of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects after diamond burr debridement in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 25:6-11. [PMID: 34786805 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the use of autologous serum or Vizoovet® improved healing rates of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) after diamond burr debridement (DBD) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Two parallel group randomized prospective study with a historical control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Canine patients having undergone DBD for treatment of SCCEDs were included. Data for the control group (ofloxacin only) were gathered from patient records. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups for post-procedural medical treatments of ofloxacin and autologous serum (group 1) or ofloxacin and Vizoovet®, an all-natural eyed drop containing propolis, aloe vera, and chamomile (group 2). Each dog was examined between 2 and 3 weeks until the cornea was fluorescein stain negative. Data points collected included age, sex, breed, type of medications used, retention of bandage contact lens (BCL), time to healing, and number of DBD performed. RESULTS A total of 120 dogs, each contributing one eye to the study, underwent DBD for SCCEDs. Mean (± standard deviation) days until healed were 20.1 ± 11.1 days, 16.3 ± 4.5 days, and 16.0 ± 3.7 days for the control group, group 1, and group 2, respectively. There was a marginally significant difference in days until healed between groups (p = .0515). SCCEDs healed significantly faster in group 2 (p = .03) and marginally faster in group 1 (p = .06) compared with the control group. Days until healing between group 1 and 2 were not significantly different (p = .76). CONCLUSIONS As compared to the control group, use of Vizoovet® as adjunctive medical treatment resulted in shorter corneal healing time after DBD.
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Tsvetanova A, Powell RM, Tsvetanov KA, Smith KM, Gould DJ. Melting corneal ulcers (keratomalacia) in dogs: A 5-year clinical and microbiological study (2014-2018). Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:265-278. [PMID: 33794048 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify bacterial microorganisms associated with canine keratomalacia, review their antimicrobial sensitivity, and evaluate clinical outcomes compared to results of microbial culture. METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinical records of dogs diagnosed with a melting corneal ulcer presented to a referral hospital in Hertfordshire, UK between 2014 and 2018. RESULTS One hundred and ten melting corneal ulcers were sampled in 106 dogs. The most common pure bacterial isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 26) followed by β-hemolytic Streptococcus (n = 12). Melting corneal ulcers that cultured coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, coliform bacteria, Pasteurella multocida, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus viridans presented in smaller numbers and were analyzed together (n = 16). Multiple cultures were identified in nine cases (n = 9). Forty-seven cultures yielded no bacterial growth (n = 47). The susceptibility to fluoroquinolones remained high with the exception of β-hemolytic Streptococci. There was no significant difference in the ulcer severity at presentation in regard to the cultured bacteria. Overall, 63 eyes (57%) received surgical grafting in addition to medical treatment. In 14 cases (13%), the progression of corneal melting despite medical ± surgical treatment resulted in enucleation. Fifty-seven percent (8/14) of the enucleated eyes cultured pure Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. In contrast, all β-hemolytic Streptococcus-associated ulcers healed. CONCLUSIONS The most common bacterial species associated with canine keratomalacia were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and β-hemolytic Streptococcus. Because of the variation in antibacterial sensitivity between these two species, bacterial culture and sensitivity testing should be performed in all dogs presenting with keratomalacia. Melting corneal ulcers associated with pure Pseudomonas infection were significantly more likely to result in globe loss than melting corneal ulcers associated with other cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tsvetanova
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerry M Smith
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David J Gould
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of local doxycycline administration on skin scarring. BACKGROUND Skin scarring represents a major source of morbidity for surgical patients. Doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic with off-target effects on the extracellular matrix, has demonstrated antifibrotic effects in multiple organs. However, doxycycline's potential effects on skin scarring have not been explored in vivo. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice underwent dorsal wounding following an established splinted excisional skin wounding model. Doxycycline was administered by local injection into the wound base following injury. Wounds were harvested upon complete wound closure (postoperative day 15) for histological examination and biomechanical testing of scar tissue. RESULTS A one-time dose of 3.90 mM doxycycline (2 mg/mL) within 12 hours of injury was found to significantly reduce scar thickness by 24.8% (P < 0.0001) without compromising tensile strength. The same effect could not be achieved by oral dosing. In doxycycline-treated scar matrices, collagen I content was significantly reduced (P = 0.0317) and fibers were favorably arranged with significantly increased fiber randomness (P = 0.0115). Common culprits of altered wound healing mechanics, including angiogenesis and inflammation, were not impacted by doxycycline treatment. However, engrailed1 profibrotic fibroblasts, responsible for scar extracellular matrix deposition, were significantly reduced with doxycycline treatment (P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Due to the substantial improvement in skin scarring and well-established clinical safety profile, locally administered doxycycline represents a promising vulnerary agent. As such, we favor rapid translation to human patients as an antiscarring therapy.
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Sigmund AB, Ward DA, Cox SK, Hendrix DVH. Tear film concentrations of topically applied 0.5% oxytetracycline ointment in normal canine eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:707-713. [PMID: 32524758 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the tear film levels of oxytetracycline in normal canine eyes after application of the ophthalmic ointment, Terramycin™ (0.5% oxytetracycline, polymyxin B sulfate), to guide appropriate treatment frequency. ANIMALS STUDIED Ten research beagles. PROCEDURES Ten research beagles with confirmed normal eyes were administered 0.02 mL of Terramycin™ ophthalmic ointment onto the dorsal bulbar conjunctival surface of the right eye. Tear samples were collected via dye-less Schirmer tear strips at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-administration. The sample for each timepoint was collected on a separate day, and concentrations of oxytetracycline were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS There was a semi-logarithmic decline in the median tear concentration of oxytetracycline. The median (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) tear concentrations of oxytetracycline at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours were 43.5 μg/mL (11.1-302.2 μg/mL), 28.7 μg/mL (8.04-113.7 μg/mL), 16.1 μg/mL (4.96-37.7 μg/mL), 9.2 μg/mL (4.52-28.1 μg/mL), and 6.11 μg/mL (4.36-26.7 μg/mL), respectively. Mean (±SD) drug recovery via HPLC was 88% (±7.5%). CONCLUSIONS Ophthalmic Terramycin™ achieves a substantially higher tear level than the MIC for common bacterial corneal pathogens up to 12 hours post-administration in normal eyes. Anti-collagenolytic tear levels were not achieved at the timepoints evaluated or with the manufacturer-prescribed dosing frequency. HPLC can be used to analyze tear concentrations of ophthalmic ointment formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Sigmund
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Daniel A Ward
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Sherry K Cox
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Diane V H Hendrix
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
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Lively MJ, Westermeyer HD. In vitro assessment of the long-term stability of the inhibitory effects of canine and feline plasma on MMP 2 and 9. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:898-901. [PMID: 30950143 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of increasing storage time on the inhibitory effects of canine and feline plasma on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 in vitro. METHODS Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activity in the presence of canine plasma stored for 57, 155, 222, 316, 367, and 438 days, and feline plasma stored for 17, 198, 565, and 954 days was assayed using a commercially available colorimetric assay kit. RESULTS For canine plasma, the MMP 2 activity for older samples was not significantly different than the 57-day sample (P = 0.2025-0.9033). Two canine samples had significantly lower MMP 9 activity than the 57-day sample (367 days: P = 0.0099, 438 days: P = 0.0348, others P = 0.0778-0.9928). For feline plasma, storage time did not significantly affect inhibition of MMP 2 and MMP 9 activity (ANOVA, P = 0.2688 and P = 0.2404, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increasing storage time does not significantly decrease the inhibiting activity of plasma on MMP 2 and 9 for up to 14 months in dogs and 31 months in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Lively
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Hans D Westermeyer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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