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Urlings P, Gramer I, Jones C, Dirrig H. Computed tomographic features of canine prostatic carcinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:447-455. [PMID: 38687009 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine prostatic carcinoma (PC) has incompletely defined CT features. The purpose of this multicenter retrospective case series was to assess prostatic, regional, and distant findings of PC. Thirty dogs were enrolled. Consistent prostatic features included postcontrast heterogeneity with hypoattenuating, nonenhancing areas (30/30), capsular distortion (29/30), prostatic urethral effacement, displacement, or invasion (28/30), precontrast heterogeneity (27/30), and mineralization (24/30) which was always within or at the margin of the hypoattenuating areas. Consistent extraprostatic features included medial iliac lymph node enlargement (20/30), internal iliac lymph node enlargement (15/30), and periprostatic fat streaking or fluid (15/29). In a minority of dogs, there was lymph node mineralization, bladder trigone invasion, ureteral dilation, ductus deferens invasion, and bony changes consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. Strongly suspected and potential bony metastases were noted infrequently (8/26), all in vertebrae regional to the prostate. In conclusion, these findings provide guidance on the expected CT features of canine PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Urlings
- Southpaws Specialty, Emergency and Referral Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Animal Hospital, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Irina Gramer
- Southpaws Specialty, Emergency and Referral Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Coleen Jones
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Helen Dirrig
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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Berg FM, Correia ETO, Abenojar EC, Basilion JP, Rosol TJ, Baroni RH, Exner AA, Bittencourt LK. Multispecies comparative prostate anatomy by imaging: Implications for experimental models of prostatic disease. Prostate 2024; 84:682-693. [PMID: 38477025 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest in using preclinical models for development and assessment of medical devices and imaging techniques for prostatic disease care. Still, a comprehensive assessment of the prostate's radiological anatomy in primary preclinical models such as dogs, rabbits, and mice utilizing human anatomy as a reference point remains necessary with no optimal model for each purpose being clearly defined in the literature. Therefore, this study compares the anatomical characteristics of different animal models to the human prostatic gland from the imaging perspective. METHODS We imaged five Beagle laboratory dogs, five New Zealand White rabbits, and five mice, all sexually mature males, under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval. Ultrasonography (US) was performed using the Vevo® F2 for mice (57 MHz probe). Rabbits and dogs were imaged using the Siemens® Acuson S3000 (17 MHz probe) and endocavitary (8 MHz) probes, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also conducted with a 7T scanner in mice and 3T scanner in rabbits and dogs. RESULTS Canine transrectal US emerged as the optimal method for US imaging, depicting a morphologically similar gland to humans but lacking echoic zonal differentiation. MRI findings in canines indicated a homogeneously structured gland similar to the human peripheral zone on T2-weighted images (T2W) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). In rabbits, US imaging faced challenges due to the pubic symphysis, whereas MRI effectively visualized all structures with the prostate presenting a similar aspect to the human peripheral gland on T2W and ADC maps. Murine prostate assessment revealed poor visualization of the prostate glands in ultrasound due to its small size, while 7T MRI delineated the distinct prostates and its lobes, with the lateral and dorsal prostate resembling the peripheral zone and the anterior prostate the central zone of the human gland. CONCLUSION Dogs stand out as superior models for advanced preclinical studies in prostatic disease research. However, mice present as a good model for early stage studies and rabbits are a cost-effective alternative and serve as valuable tools in specific research domains when canine research is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Berg
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo T O Correia
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric C Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronaldo H Baroni
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Yang NS, Johnson EG, Palm CA, Burton JH, Rebhun RB, Kent MS, Culp WTN. MRI characteristics of canine prostatic neoplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:105-112. [PMID: 36065472 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to evaluate dogs with suspected prostatic neoplasia, however, published studies describing MRI characteristics of canine prostatic neoplasia are currently lacking. The aims of the current retrospective case series study were to describe MRI findings of the pelvic region in dogs with a histopathologic or cytologic diagnosis of prostatic neoplasia. Retrospective analysis of these images was then performed by a board-certified veterinary radiologist for shared imaging characteristics. The most consistent characteristics were heterogeneous hyperintensity of the tumor on T2-weighted images (10/10) and short tau inversion recovery images (10/10), prostatic capsular margin distortion by the tumor (10/10), cavitations (10/10), complete effacement of the prostatic architecture (9/10), neurovascular bundle (NVB) compression or invasion (9/10), heterogeneous isointensity of the tumor on T1-weighted images (9/10), and strong contrast enhancement of the tumor (8/10). Additional features included an overlying pattern of distorted radiating striations (7/10), regional lymphadenomegaly (5/10), mineralization within the mass (5/10), urinary bladder trigone involvement (6/10), and post-prostatic urethral involvement (7/10). These findings supported the use of MRI as an adjunct imaging modality for diagnosis and therapeutic planning of prostatic neoplasia and including prostatic neoplasia as a likely differential diagnosis for dogs with these MRI characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Yang
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carrie A Palm
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jenna H Burton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - William T N Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Hsieh ES, Palm C, Segev G, Johnson EG, Leung K, Westropp JL. Diagnostic yield of uroendoscopy compared to ultrasonography for evaluating lower urinary tract disorders in dogs. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1700-1707. [PMID: 35986564 PMCID: PMC9511071 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Cystourethroscopy and vaginoscopy (uroendoscopy) is often used in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs with lower urinary tract disorders (LUTD). Objective/Hypothesis To evaluate if uroendoscopy is warranted in dogs with various LUTD, the agreement between uroendoscopic and ultrasonographic diagnoses were compared. Dogs with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) will have the highest diagnostic agreement between uroendoscopy and ultrasonography (US) compared to dogs presenting for other LUTD. Animals Two hundred thirty‐seven dogs presenting between 2014 and 2019 with lower urinary tract signs (LUTS) that had US within 60 days preceding uroendoscopy. Methods Retrospective study. Dogs were categorized by primary indication for ultrasound. Pertinent uroendoscopic findings were recorded and agreements (κ analysis) between the final uroendoscopic diagnosis were compared with the final ultrasonographic diagnosis. Results Pertinent uroendoscopic findings were recorded for 69/237 (29%) cases. For dogs presenting primarily for urinary incontinence (UI), agreement between uroendoscopy and US was 71% (46/65; κ = 0.47, 95% CI 0.28‐0.66), for dogs with stranguria, 58% (29/50; κ = 0.47, 95% CI 0.31‐0.62) and for dogs with rUTI the agreement was substantial at 87% (26/30; κ = 0.70, 95% CI 0.43‐0.98). Urethral strictures were the majority (14/21; 67%) of pertinent uroendoscopic findings for dogs with stranguria, of which 12 were male dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Agreement between uroendoscopy and US was moderate for all dogs. Based on these data, recommendation for uroendoscopy should be tailored to individual clinical presentation and signalment; transabdominal US is not the preferred modality for urethral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmelyn S. Hsieh
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of California Davis California USA
| | - Carrie Palm
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology University of California Davis California USA
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Eric G. Johnson
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences University of California Davis California USA
| | - Kaitlin Leung
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of California Davis California USA
| | - Jodi L. Westropp
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology University of California Davis California USA
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Maeda S, Motegi T, Iio A, Kaji K, Goto-Koshino Y, Eto S, Ikeda N, Nakagawa T, Nishimura R, Yonezawa T, Momoi Y. Anti-CCR4 treatment depletes regulatory T cells and leads to clinical activity in a canine model of advanced prostate cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003731. [PMID: 35131860 PMCID: PMC8804701 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration is an emerging strategy for cancer immunotherapy. However, its efficacy in advanced prostate cancer remains unclear. Here, we showed the therapeutic efficacy of anti-Treg treatment in a canine model of advanced prostate cancer. Methods We used dogs with naturally occurring prostate cancer to study the molecular mechanism underlying Treg infiltration and the effect of anti-Treg treatment. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the association with prognosis was examined in dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer. The molecular mechanism of Treg infiltration was explored by RNA sequencing and protein analyses. A non-randomized canine clinical trial was conducted to define the therapeutic potential of anti-Treg treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Human prostate cancer datasets were analyzed to compare gene expression in dogs and humans. Results Tumor-infiltrating Tregs were associated with poor prognosis in dogs bearing spontaneous prostate cancer. RNA sequencing and protein analyses showed a possible link between the CCL17–CCR4 pathway and the increase of tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Dogs with advanced prostate cancer responded to mogamulizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CCR4, with decreased circulating Tregs, improved survival, and low incidence of clinically relevant adverse events. Urinary CCL17 concentration and BRAFV595E mutation were independently predictive of the response to mogamulizumab. Analysis of a transcriptomic dataset of human prostate cancer showed that the CCL17–CCR4 axis correlated with Foxp3. In silico survival analyses revealed that high expression of CCL17 was associated with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that tumor-infiltrating Tregs expressed CCR4 in human patients with prostate cancer. Conclusions Anti-Treg treatment, through CCR4 blockade, may be a promising therapeutic approach for advanced prostate cancer in dogs and some population of human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Iio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Eto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Palm CA, Segev G, Shipov A, Balsa IM, Phillips KL, Culp WTN. Treatment of a Congenital Imperforate Vestibulovaginal Junction and Secondary Hydrocolpos With Endoscopic Laser Ablation in Two Dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 45:100576. [PMID: 34400380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two dogs were evaluated for clinical signs including dysuria, stranguria, and/or dyschezia. Physical examination findings were consistent with a caudal abdominal and intra-pelvic mass. Imaging with abdominal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a tubular fluid-filled structure. In 1 dog computed tomography identified the fluid-filled structure to be the vagina and hydrocolpos was suspected. Endoscopic evaluation of the urogenital tracts identified imperforate vaginas in both dogs, and endoscopic-guided laser ablation was used to create a vaginal opening into the vestibule. Initial response to treatment was positive in both dogs, although 1 dog developed a recurrence of hydrocolpos 1-month after treatment. Endoscopic laser ablation provided a minimally invasive option for opening an imperforate vagina and no procedural complications occurred. Further evaluation is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Palm
- University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ingrid M Balsa
- University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Phillips
- University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William T N Culp
- University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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