Mammary duct ectasia in dogs: 51 cases (1992-1999)

Aerobic Isolates from Gestational and Non-Gestational Lactating Bitches (Canis lupus familiaris)

Simple Summary

Mastitis represents the inflammation of the mammary gland, and it affects all mammals. It is usually caused by bacterial agents, but other organisms such as fungi or parasites can be responsible for the onset of mastitis. In bitches, mastitis is considered a genuine emergency, since it can affect both the mother and the pups. Left untreated, it can lead to the loss of the bitch and the entire litter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial load from the milk of healthy bitches and from bitches with mastitis. The main isolated bacterial families were the Staphylococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae families. The bacterial load from bitches’ overt pseudopregnancy seems to have a lower bacteriological burden than periparturient females. Some of the isolated milk strains of lactating bitches are also responsible for nosocomial infection. The transmission of such strains from humans to animals or vice versa is possible. Environmental hygiene needs to be adequately addressed, alongside a minimum manipulation of the lactating mammary glands where possible.

Abstract

Mastitis is a complex and well-defined mammary gland pathology, and an emergency in bitches. In dogs, its prevalence is about 1% of all reported diseases and about 5.3% of all reproductive pathologies. Lactating bitches are naturally prone to developing mastitis since puppies can easily overstimulate the epidermal layer of nipples during feeding, facilitating bacterial colonization of the glands. This study aimed to describe the aerobic bacterial flora isolated from milk samples derived from a cohort of patients (n = 87) diagnosed with clinical mastitis (n = 29), subclinical mastitis (n = 17) and healthy mammary glands (n = 46). All of the patients underwent a gynecology consultation to diagnose mammary gland afflictions; physical examination results were coupled with traditional hematological findings. The milk samples were plated on specific microbiological media for bacterial isolation. Among the 162 milk samples analyzed, 93.2% (151/162) had a positive microbiological result, while 6.8% (11/162) were sterile. The bacteriological profile of the milk samples showed 47 different species. The most common bacterial families detected in healthy bitches and bitches with subclinical and clinical mastitis were the Staphylococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae families. The results indicated that half of the isolated bacteria are novel findings in dogs and that some of them are normal components of human milk.

Lactation-related mammary gland pathologies-A neglected emergency in the bitch

Mastitis is a common reproductive disorder in bitches, reaching a prevalence of 0.71%. Mastitis has a wide range of forms, from asymptomatic to severe gangrenous mastitis that can lead to septic shock and death of the bitch and nurslings. However, most of the time it is overlooked, undiagnosed or mistreated. The present systematic review was performed to revise and summarize the existing knowledge related to this disorder, including diagnosis, treatment and prevention.