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Santifort KM, Beukers M, Roos A, van Rijswoud B, Meertens N, Peperkamp K, Ben-Amotz R, Bergknut N. Vertebral Osteosarcoma in Two Cats-Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcome. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3478. [PMID: 38003096 PMCID: PMC10668841 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this case report, we describe the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of two feline cases of vertebral osteosarcoma. Case 1: A 6-year-old female neutered domestic longhaired cat was presented with progressive paraparesis, ataxia, and spinal hyperesthesia. MRI of the thoracolumbar spinal cord and vertebral column revealed a strongly contrast-enhancing mass lesion originating from the dorsal lamina and spinous process of T13. The lesion caused extradural compression of the spinal cord. Surgical debulking was performed, and the histopathological evaluation of surgical biopsies was consistent with vertebral osteosarcoma. The cat was paraplegic with intact nociception post-surgery. Subsequently, the cat recovered ambulation while remaining mildly ataxic and paraparetic at long-term follow-up. Post-operative chemotherapy was started with doxorubicin. CT scans at 2, 4, 9, 13, and 20 months post-surgery showed no signs of local recurrence or metastasis. Case 2: A 15.5-year-old male neutered domestic shorthaired cat was presented with progressive paraparesis, tail paresis, and spinal hyperesthesia. Radiographs and CT scan of the lumbar vertebral column showed a large mass originating from the dorsal lamina and spinous process of L6, suggestive of neoplasia, with severe compression of the spinal cord. Surgical debulking was performed, and the histopathological evaluation was consistent with vertebral osteosarcoma. Post-operative chemotherapy was started with doxorubicin. Seven months post-surgery, the patient was neurologically normal with no signs of metastatic disease. This case report highlights the possibility of good outcomes after the surgical treatment of feline vertebral osteosarcoma supplemented with post-surgical chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Maurits Santifort
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, 6825 MB Arnhem, The Netherlands
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, 5144 AM Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beukers
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, 5144 AM Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Roos
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Nieuwegein, 3433 NP Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin van Rijswoud
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, 6825 MB Arnhem, The Netherlands
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, 5144 AM Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Meertens
- Department of Pathology, Royal GD, 7418 EZ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Peperkamp
- Department of Pathology, Royal GD, 7418 EZ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Ben-Amotz
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, 5144 AM Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Bergknut
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, 5144 AM Waalwijk, The Netherlands
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2
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Nickel M, Schikowski L, Staszyk C, Schaub S. Periosteal reaction‐like lesions at the cranial aspect of the humeral diaphysis have a high prevalence in older, large breed dogs and may represent entheses of the superficial pectoral muscles. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike‐Kristin Nickel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Small Animal Clinic – Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Lisa Schikowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Small Animal Clinic – Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Carsten Staszyk
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen Giessen Germany
| | - Sebastian Schaub
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Small Animal Clinic – Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen Giessen Germany
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3
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Gordon C, Nakahara N, Thomson C, Mitchell R. Novel radical pelvectomy technique to treat chondrosarcoma in a large-breed dog. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:513-516. [PMID: 34472088 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Surgical management of chondrosarcoma with hemipelvectomy is well described, but there have been no reports on extensive excision involving bilateral pubis and unilateral ischium. This report describes a novel pelvectomy technique for the treatment of chondrosarcoma in a large-breed dog. A 12-year-old Labrador Retriever presented for tenesmus due to a large, intra-pelvic mass which was confirmed on computed tomography (CT). Surgery involved removal of the entire left ischium and both pubic bones with preservation of both hind limbs. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a high-grade chondrosarcoma with tumour-free margins of less than 3 mm. The dog recovered well following surgery and regained ambulation within 9 days. Four months postoperatively, the dog had no ongoing pain or tenesmus and only a mild gait abnormality in the left hind limb. Pelvectomy involving the entire pubis and unilateral ischium was well tolerated in a large-breed dog. This technique may offer a novel surgical option to treat neoplasia previously considered too extensive for complete excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gordon
- North Coast Veterinary Specialists and Referral Centre, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - N Nakahara
- North Coast Veterinary Specialists and Referral Centre, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Thomson
- North Coast Veterinary Specialists and Referral Centre, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ras Mitchell
- North Coast Veterinary Specialists and Referral Centre, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Glushkova A, Andričević P, Smajda R, Náfrádi B, Kollár M, Djokić V, Arakcheeva A, Forró L, Pugin R, Horváth E. Ultrasensitive 3D Aerosol-Jet-Printed Perovskite X-ray Photodetector. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4077-4084. [PMID: 33596064 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon detection is important for a wide range of applications. The highest demand, however, comes from medical imaging, which requires cost-effective, high-resolution detectors operating at low-photon flux, therefore stimulating the search for novel materials and new approaches. Recently, hybrid halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) has attracted considerable attention due to its advantageous optoelectronic properties and low fabrication costs. The presence of heavy atoms, providing a high scattering cross-section for photons, makes this material a perfect candidate for X-ray detection. Despite the already-successful demonstrations of efficiency in detection, its integration into standard microelectronics fabrication processes is still pending. Here, we demonstrate a promising method for building X-ray detector units by 3D aerosol jet printing with a record sensitivity of 2.2 × 108 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 when detecting 8 keV photons at dose rates below 1 μGy/s (detection limit 0.12 μGy/s), a 4-fold improvement on the best-in-class devices. An introduction of MAPbI3-based detection into medical imaging would significantly reduce health hazards related to the strongly ionizing X-rays' photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Glushkova
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Centre Est, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pavao Andričević
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Centre Est, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rita Smajda
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM SA), CH-2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Bálint Náfrádi
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Centre Est, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Márton Kollár
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Centre Est, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Veljko Djokić
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Centre Est, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alla Arakcheeva
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Centre Est, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - László Forró
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Centre Est, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Pugin
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM SA), CH-2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Endre Horváth
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Centre Est, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM SA), CH-2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
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5
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Carew RM, Viner MD, Conlogue G, Márquez-Grant N, Beckett S. Accuracy of computed radiography in osteometry: A comparison of digital imaging techniques and the effect of magnification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jofri.2019.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fleming K, Nemanic S, Löhr CV, Terry J, Milovancev M. CT angiography and MRI imaging features do not predict the tumor type and grade of feline injection site sarcoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:668-679. [PMID: 31515897 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been described as methods for preoperative surgical planning in cats with feline injection site sarcomas (FISS), however, few published studies have compared these modalities. The objective of this retrospective, secondary analysis study was to determine if imaging features of FISS on CTA and MRI are predictive of neoplastic peritumoral projections. Archived data from a previous prospective study were retrieved for 10 cats with FISS. All cats had been evaluated in a single anesthetic episode with MRI and dual phase CT (CTA) imaging followed by surgical removal. Histopathological grading and targeted histopathology of imaging-identified peritumoral projections were performed. Two observers evaluated the CTA and MRI studies for FISS shape, margination, size, enhancement pattern, postcontrast uniformity, pre- and postcontrast margination, the number of muscles involved, mass mineralization, and bone lysis. Metal was present in the imaging field of three of 10 cats, resulting in one nondiagnostic MRI. Peritumoral projections were detected in all cats with both imaging modalities, and most were benign. At least one neoplastic peritumoral projection was detected in six cats using MRI, five cats using CTA, and three cats with both modalities. Higher grade FISS were larger than low grade using MRI, and FISS were larger using MRI. Other FISS imaging features using MRI and CTA were similar. Findings supported use of either MRI or CTA for detecting neoplastic peritumoral projections in cats with FISS. Authors recommend CTA for cats with known metallic objects in the scan field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Fleming
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Sarah Nemanic
- Veterinary Radiology Consulting, LLC., Lebanon, Oregon
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | - Milan Milovancev
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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7
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Hansen KS, Kent MS. Imaging in Non-neurologic Oncologic Treatment Planning of the Head and Neck. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:90. [PMID: 30984771 PMCID: PMC6448413 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging is critical for the diagnosis and staging of veterinary oncology patients. Although cytology or biopsy is generally required for diagnosis, imaging characteristics inform the likelihood of a cancer diagnosis, can result in a prioritized list of differentials that guide further staging tests, and assist in the planning of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy options. Advanced imaging, such as CT and MRI, can better define the extent of disease for surgical and radiation planning for head and neck cancer cases in particular. Additionally, new imaging technologies are continually being translated into veterinary fields, and they may provide more options for cancer patients as they become more widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Hansen
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
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8
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Lamb CR, Whitlock J, Foster‐Yeow ATL. Prevalence of pulmonary nodules in dogs with malignant neoplasia as determined by CT. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:300-305. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Lamb
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - James Whitlock
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. L. Foster‐Yeow
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire United Kingdom
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9
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Park KM, Armstrong JF, Ruby JL, Barber RM, Grimes JA, Kent M. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:1253-1257. [PMID: 30398414 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.10.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Anesi S, Parry AT, Monti P, Elliott J. Radiographic appearance of an osseous metastasis to the distal radius from a transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Anesi
- Intern, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
| | - Andrew T Parry
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingWillows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
| | - Paola Monti
- Department of Clinical PathologyDWR DiagnosticSix Mile BottomUK
| | - James Elliott
- Department of OncologyWillows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
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11
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Boston SE, Skinner OT. Limb shortening as a strategy for limb sparing treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma of the distal radius in a dog. Vet Surg 2017; 47:136-145. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Boston
- University of Florida Small Animal Hospital; Gainesville Florida
| | - Owen T. Skinner
- University of Florida Small Animal Hospital; Gainesville Florida
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12
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Almela R, von Bomhard W, Ansón A, Mayer U. Subcutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma in a metatarsal footpad in a cat. Vet Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Almela
- Kleintierspezialisten Augsburg Überweisungszentrum; Max-Josef-Metzger Straße 9 86157 Augsburg Germany
| | - Wolf von Bomhard
- Specialty Practice for Veterinary Pathology; Hartelstraße 30 80689 Munich Germany
| | - Agustina Ansón
- Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien; Veterinärplatz 1 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Ursula Mayer
- Kleintierspezialisten Augsburg Überweisungszentrum; Max-Josef-Metzger Straße 9 86157 Augsburg Germany
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13
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Mesquita L, Mortier J, Ressel L, Finotello R, Silvestrini P, Piviani M. Neoplastic pleural effusion and intrathoracic metastasis of a scapular osteosarcoma in a dog: a multidisciplinary integrated diagnostic approach. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:337-343. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mesquita
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science; Institute of Veterinary Science; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - Jeremy Mortier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science; Institute of Veterinary Science; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health; Institute of Veterinary Science; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science; Institute of Veterinary Science; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - Paolo Silvestrini
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science; Institute of Veterinary Science; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - Martina Piviani
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science; Institute of Veterinary Science; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
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14
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Talbott JL, Boston SE, Milner RJ, Lejeune A, Souza CHDM, Kow K, Bacon NJ, Hernandez JA. Retrospective Evaluation of Whole Body Computed Tomography for Tumor Staging in Dogs with Primary Appendicular Osteosarcoma. Vet Surg 2016; 46:75-80. [PMID: 27906470 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whole body computed tomography (CT) for staging canine appendicular osteosarcoma. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma (n=39). METHODS Medical records for client-owned dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma from August 2008 to July 2014 were reviewed. Dogs were included if they had a confirmed diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma and were staged using whole body CT. Data collected included signalment, body weight, primary tumor location, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, findings on 3-view thoracic radiographs, cytologic or histologic results, and findings on CT. RESULTS Thirty-nine dogs (median age 8.5 years; median body weight 37 kg) had osteosarcoma of the distal radius (n=17), proximal humerus (11) and other sites. Serum ALP activity was elevated in 14 dogs. Bone metastasis was not detected in any dog on whole body CT. Pulmonary metastasis was considered definitive on CT based on board certified radiologist assessment in 2/39 dogs (5%). Two additional dogs (2/39, 5%) had soft tissue masses diagnosed on CT, consistent with concurrent, non-metastatic malignancies. CONCLUSION Bone metastases were not identified in any dog with whole body CT. Thoracic and abdominal CT detected lung lesions and concurrent neoplasia in dogs with primary appendicular osteosarcoma. Whole body CT may be a useful adjunct to other screening tests for disseminated malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Talbott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah E Boston
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rowan J Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carlos H de M Souza
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kelvin Kow
- University of Surrey School of Veterinary Medicine, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Bacon
- University of Surrey School of Veterinary Medicine, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge A Hernandez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Mitchell KE, Boston SE, Kung M, Dry S, Straw RC, Ehrhart NP, Ryan SD. Outcomes of Limb-Sparing Surgery Using Two Generations of Metal Endoprosthesis in 45 Dogs With Distal Radial Osteosarcoma. A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology Retrospective Study. Vet Surg 2016; 45:36-43. [PMID: 26731595 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report outcomes in dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma (OSA) treated with metal endoprosthesis limb-sparing surgery and compare outcomes between 2 generations of endoprosthesis. STUDY DESIGN Multi-institutional retrospective case series. ANIMALS Forty-five dogs with distal radial OSA treated with endoprosthesis and chemotherapy. METHODS Data of dogs treated with either first-generation endoprosthesis (GEN1) or second-generation endoprosthesis (GEN2) were sourced from medical records and radiographs. Surgical outcomes included postoperative lameness assessment and the presence, severity, and time to onset of complications. Oncologic outcomes included presence of local recurrence or metastasis, time to onset of local recurrence, metastasis-free interval (MFI), and survival time. Results for surgical and oncologic outcomes were compared between GEN1 and GEN2. RESULTS Twenty-eight dogs received GEN1 and 17 dogs received GEN2. There were 39 complications (96%, 14 minor, 29 major) including infection (78%), implant-related complication (36%), and local recurrence (24%). Metastatic frequency was 67% and median MFI was 188 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 126-250 days). Survival time ranged from 34 days to 6.1 years with a median of 289 days (95% CI: 207-371 days). There was no significant difference in complication severity, frequency, time to complication, MFI, or survival time between dogs receiving GEN1 and GEN2. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in outcomes between dogs receiving GEN1 and GEN2 for limb-sparing surgery of the radius. Metastatic frequency and survival time for metal endoprosthesis were similar to that of amputation with curative intent chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Mitchell
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study (TRACTS) Group, University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Werribee, Australia
| | - Sarah E Boston
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marvin Kung
- Australian Animal Cancer Foundation, Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre, Albany Creek, Australia
| | - Sarah Dry
- Southpaws Specialty Surgery for Animals, Moorabbin, Australia
| | - Rod C Straw
- Australian Animal Cancer Foundation, Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre, Albany Creek, Australia
| | - Nicole P Ehrhart
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Stewart D Ryan
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study (TRACTS) Group, University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Werribee, Australia
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Abstract
MRI has the unique ability to detect abnormal fluid content, and is therefore unparalleled in its role of detection, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning and follow-up evaluation of musculoskeletal disease. MRI in companion animals should be considered in the following circumstances: a definitive diagnosis cannot be made on radiographs; a patient is nonresponsive to medical or surgical therapy; prognostic information is desired; assessing surgical margins and traumatic and/or infectious joint and bone disease; ruling out subtle developmental or early aggressive bone lesions. The MRI features of common disorders affecting the shoulder, elbow, stifle, carpal, and tarsal joints are included in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E Sage
- MRVets, P.C., 14900 Avery Ranch Boulevard C200, #101, Austin, TX 78717, USA.
| | - Patrick Gavin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6610, USA; MRVets, P.C., 109 Raven View Drive, Sagle, ID 83860, USA
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17
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Kubicek L, Vanderhart D, Wirth K, An Q, Chang M, Farese J, Bova F, Sudhyadhom A, Kow K, Bacon NJ, Milner R. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND FRACTURES FOLLOWING STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IN DOGS WITH APPENDICULAR OSTEOSARCOMA. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:321-30. [PMID: 26916056 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this observational, descriptive, retrospective study was to report CT characteristics associated with fractures following stereotactic radiosurgery in canine patients with appendicular osteosarcoma. Medical records (1999 and 2012) of dogs that had a diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma and undergone stereotactic radiosurgery were reviewed. Dogs were included in the study if they had undergone stereotactic radiosurgery for an aggressive bone lesion with follow-up information regarding fracture status, toxicity, and date and cause of death. Computed tomography details, staging, chemotherapy, toxicity, fracture status and survival data were recorded. Overall median survival time (MST) and fracture rates of treated dogs were calculated. CT characteristics were evaluated for association with time to fracture. Forty-six dogs met inclusion criteria. The median overall survival time was 9.7 months (95% CI: 6.9-14.3 months). The fracture-free rates at 3, 6, and 9 months were 73%, 44%, and 38% (95% CI: 60-86%, 29-60%, and 22-54%), respectively. The region of bone affected was significantly associated with time to fracture. The median time to fracture was 4.2 months in dogs with subchondral bone involvement and 16.3 months in dogs without subchondral bone involvement (P-value = 0.027, log-rank test). Acute and late skin effects were present in 58% and 16% of patients, respectively. Findings demonstrated a need for improved patient selection for this procedure, which can be aided by CT-based prognostic factors to predict the likelihood of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Kubicek
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611.,Angell Animal Medical Center, Jamaica Plain, MA, Boston, MA, 02130
| | - Daniel Vanderhart
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Kimberly Wirth
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Qi An
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Myron Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - James Farese
- Pet Emergency and Specialty Center of Marin, San Rafael, CA, 94901
| | - Francis Bova
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Atchar Sudhyadhom
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Kelvin Kow
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Nicholas J Bacon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Rowan Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
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Brown G, Kalff S, Gemmill TJ, Pink J, Oxley B, McKee WM, Clarke SP. Highly Comminuted, Articular Fractures of the Distal Antebrachium Managed by Pancarpal Arthrodesis in 8 Dogs. Vet Surg 2015; 45:44-51. [PMID: 26507577 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Brown
- Grove Referrals; Fakenham Norfolk United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Kalff
- Fitzpatrick Referrals; Godalming Surrey United Kingdom
| | - Toby J. Gemmill
- Willows Referral Service; Solihull West Midlands United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Pink
- Willows Referral Service; Solihull West Midlands United Kingdom
| | - Bill Oxley
- Willows Referral Service; Solihull West Midlands United Kingdom
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Hill M, Scudder CJ, Glanemann B, Drees R. Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in a dog imaged with CT. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2014-000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Glanemann
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
| | - Randi Drees
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
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Drees R. Radiographic diagnosis of aggressive bone disease - back to the paradigms! EQUINE VET EDUC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Drees
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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Vanel M, Blond L, Vanel D. Imaging of primary bone tumors in veterinary medicine: Which differences? Eur J Radiol 2013; 82:2129-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sternberg RA, Pondenis HC, Yang X, Mitchell MA, O'Brien RT, Garrett LD, Helferich WG, Hoffmann WE, Fan TM. Association between absolute tumor burden and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in canine appendicular osteosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:955-63. [PMID: 23734720 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA), increased pretreatment serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) activity is a negative prognostic factor, associated with shorter disease-free intervals and survival times, but a biologic basis for observed differential serum BALP activities in canine OSA patients remains incompletely defined. OBJECTIVE Serum BALP activity will correlate with absolute tumor burden in dogs with OSA. ANIMALS This study included 96 client-owned dogs with appendicular OSA. METHODS In canine OSA cell lines, the expression and membranous release of BALP was evaluated in vitro. The correlation between serum BALP activity and radiographic primary tumor size was evaluated in OSA-bearing dogs. In dogs developing visceral OSA metastases, serial changes in serum BALP activities were evaluated in relation to progression of macroscopic metastases, and visceral metastatic OSA cells were evaluated for BALP expression. RESULTS In vitro, BALP expression was not associated with either tumorigenic or metastatic phenotype, rather the quantity of membranous BALP released was proportional with cell density. In dogs devoid of macroscopic metastases, there was a positive correlation between serum BALP activity and absolute primary tumor size. In dogs with progressive OSA metastases, serum BALP activity increased and coincided with the development of macroscopic metastases. OSA cells derived from visceral metastatic lesions retained BALP expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Tumor burden is a determinant of serum BALP activity in dogs with appendicular OSA. The association between increased pretreatment BALP activity and negative clinical prognosis may simply be attributed to greater initial tumor burden, and consequently more advanced tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Sternberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802-4714, USA
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Oblak ML, Boston SE, Woods JP, Nykamp S. Comparison of concurrent imaging modalities for staging of dogs with appendicular primary bone tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:28-39. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Oblak
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - S. E. Boston
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - J. P. Woods
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - S. Nykamp
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
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Karnik KS, Samii VF, Weisbrode SE, London CA, Green EM. Accuracy of computed tomography in determining lesion size in canine appendicular osteosarcoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:273-9. [PMID: 22413965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidetector contrast enhanced computed tomography with acquisition of 0.625-mm thick transverse images was used to measure the extent of appendicular osteosarcoma in 10 dogs. The measured length of tumor based on CT was compared to the true length of tumor using histopathology. There was a statistically significant association with good correlation between the true length of osteosarcoma compared to the length of intramedullary/endosteal abnormalities on CT with a mean overestimation of 1.8% (SD = 15%). There was not a statistically significant association between the true tumor length and the length of periosteal proliferation on CT with a mean overestimation of 9.7% (SD = 30.3%). There was a statistically significant association, but with poor correlation, between the true tumor length compared to the length of abnormal contrast enhancement with a mean overestimation of 9.6% (SD = 34.8%). The extent of intramedullary/endosteal CT abnormalities assessed from submillimeter transverse images may be of value in assessing patient candidacy and surgical margins for limb-sparing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketaki S Karnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Morello E, Martano M, Buracco P. Biology, diagnosis and treatment of canine appendicular osteosarcoma: Similarities and differences with human osteosarcoma. Vet J 2011; 189:268-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cruz R, Steyn P, Collins D, Powers B, Urigh J. Radiography, 99mTc–HDP, and 111In Labeled Vitamin B12 SPECT of Canine Osteosarcoma: A Comparative Study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011; 47:229-35. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article was to compare radiography, planar bone scintigraphy, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to determine the size of osteosarcomas in long bones of dogs. Ten dogs with osteosarcoma in six radii, two humeri, one tibia, and one ulna were evaluated. Macroslides, mediolateral radiographs, planar scintigrams, and sagittal images from SPECT scans were used to obtain measurements. On the scintigraphic images, the edges of the tumor were established using the activity profile imaging tool. The radiographic magnification was factored. The mean percentage of tumor size overestimation was 9.29% on mediolateral radiographs, 5.35% on planar scintigrams, and 33.25% on SPECT images. The correlation coefficient adjusted for sample size was significantly higher (P<0.01) for technetium 99m (99mTc) hydroxyethylene diphosphonate (HDP) (75.5%) and radiography (61.3%) compared with indium 111–vitamin B12 (28.3%). The correlation coefficient for 99mTc–HDP was higher than that obtained for radiographs; however, statistical difference between the two variables was not demonstrated (P>0.05). 99mTc bone scan is a good estimator of intramedullary size of osteosarcoma in long bones when the activity profile tool to determine the margin of the tumor is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cruz
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada (R.C.); Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Consultants, Fort Collins, CO (P.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.C.); and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.P., J.U.)
| | - Phillip Steyn
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada (R.C.); Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Consultants, Fort Collins, CO (P.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.C.); and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.P., J.U.)
| | - Douglas Collins
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada (R.C.); Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Consultants, Fort Collins, CO (P.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.C.); and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.P., J.U.)
| | - Barbara Powers
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada (R.C.); Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Consultants, Fort Collins, CO (P.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.C.); and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.P., J.U.)
| | - John Urigh
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada (R.C.); Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Consultants, Fort Collins, CO (P.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.C.); and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.P., J.U.)
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Hodge SC, Degner D, Walshaw R, Teunissen B. Vascularized Ulnar Bone Grafts for Limb-Sparing Surgery for the Treatment of Distal Radial OsteosarcomaS. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011; 47:98-111. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this retrospective study was to compare vascularized free or roll-in ulnar bone grafts for limb-sparing surgery in dogs with radial osteosarcoma with the cortical allograft, metal endoprosthesis, or distraction osteogenesis techniques. Overall, the ulnar graft techniques used in this study demonstrated excellent healing properties. Complications included recurrence of the tumor in 25% (2/8) of the dogs, metastasis in 50% (4/8) of the dogs, implant loosening in 37.5% (3/8) of the dogs, implant failure in 12.5% (1/8) of the dogs, and infection in 62.5% (5/8) of the dogs. Mean survival time was 29.3 mo (range, 9 to 61 mo). The mean metastasis-free interval was 33.67 mo (range, 8 to 54 mo). Tumors recurred locally in two dogs at 10 mo and 20 mo postoperatively. This study yielded similar long-term complications as other limb-sparing options (such as cortical allografts and metal endoprostheses) and allowed dogs to bear weight on the operated limb with acceptable limb function. More research is needed regarding specific healing times for ulnar vascularized grafts, time until implant removal, and the extent of radial bone that could ultimately be replaced by the ulna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Hodge
- Tennessee Avenue Animal Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (S.H.); Michigan Veterinary Specialists, Southfield, MI (D.D.); The Animal Cancer & Imaging Center, Canton, MI (R.W.); and Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Hospital, Port Washington, WI (B.T.)
| | - Daniel Degner
- Tennessee Avenue Animal Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (S.H.); Michigan Veterinary Specialists, Southfield, MI (D.D.); The Animal Cancer & Imaging Center, Canton, MI (R.W.); and Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Hospital, Port Washington, WI (B.T.)
| | - Richard Walshaw
- Tennessee Avenue Animal Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (S.H.); Michigan Veterinary Specialists, Southfield, MI (D.D.); The Animal Cancer & Imaging Center, Canton, MI (R.W.); and Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Hospital, Port Washington, WI (B.T.)
| | - Brian Teunissen
- Tennessee Avenue Animal Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (S.H.); Michigan Veterinary Specialists, Southfield, MI (D.D.); The Animal Cancer & Imaging Center, Canton, MI (R.W.); and Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Hospital, Port Washington, WI (B.T.)
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Abstract
The stifle joint, a common location for lameness in dogs, is a complex arrangement of osseous, articular, fibrocartilaginous, and ligamentous structures. The small size of its component structures, restricted joint space, and its intricate composition make successful diagnostic imaging a challenge. Different tissue types and their superimposition limit successful diagnostic imaging with a single modality. Most modalities exploit the complexity of tissue types found in the canine stifle joint. Improved understanding of the principles of each imaging modality and the properties of the tissues being examined will enhance successful diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Marino
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY 11803, USA.
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Reid A, Schneider-Kolsky ME, O’Donnell CJ. Comparison of computed radiography and multi-detector computed tomography in the detection of post mortem metacarpal index. Forensic Sci Int 2008; 177:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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LeBlanc AK, Daniel GB. Advanced imaging for veterinary cancer patients. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2007; 37:1059-77; v-i. [PMID: 17950882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an update on the recent advances made in veterinary advanced imaging specifically with regard to cross-sectional modalities (CT and MRI) and nuclear medicine (positron emission tomography [PET] and PET/CT). A brief summary of technical improvements and a review of recent literature are included to provide an overview of the progress made in this important element of the practicing veterinary oncologist's repertoire. An in-depth summary of PET is also included to introduce the technical aspects and potential clinical and research applications of this novel imaging modality in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Knoxville, TN 37996-4544, USA.
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Britt T, Clifford C, Barger A, Moroff S, Drobatz K, Thacher C, Davis G. Diagnosing appendicular osteosarcoma with ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: 36 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48:145-50. [PMID: 17355605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the ability to obtain diagnostic cytology samples from appendicular bone lesions using ultrasound-guided needle aspirations. Secondary objectives were to compare cytological evaluations with histopathological results and to determine the utility of staining malignant mesenchymal cells for the presence of alkaline phosphatase. METHODS Aspirations from 36 aggressive appendicular bone lesions with histological diagnoses were included in the study. Ultrasound was used to guide the needle to the medullary cavity or the adjacent soft tissue mass. The smears stained with Wright-Giemsa and nitroblue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl phosphate toluidine salt (NBT/BCIP) were examined. RESULTS A diagnostic sample was obtained in 32 of the 36 cases. Of the 32 diagnostic samples, cytology indicated sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 97 per cent (confidence interval: 83 to 100 per cent) and a specificity of 100 per cent (confidence interval: 16 to 100 per cent). When a diagnosis of sarcoma was made on cytology, alkaline phosphatase staining indicated osteosarcoma, with a sensitivity of 100 per cent (confidence interval: 87 to 100 per cent). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study indicate that ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of aggressive bone lesions is a viable technique for identifying malignant mesenchymal cells and for diagnosing sarcomas. It is cost-effective and minimally invasive. Furthermore, identifying alkaline-phosphatase-negative malignant mesenchymal cells from a bone aspiration may rule out osteosarcoma, whereas alkaline-phosphatase-positive malignant mesenchymal cells are suggestive of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Britt
- Department of Surgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, 197 Hance Avenue, Tinton Falls, NJ 07724, USA
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Lacoste H, Fan TM, Lorimier LP, Charney SC. Urine N-Telopeptide Excretion in Dogs with Appendicular Osteosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Liptak JM. Right forelimb lameness in an 8-year-old rottweiler. Aust Vet J 2005; 83:677. [PMID: 16315665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb13046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liptak JM, Pluhar GE, Dernell WS, Withrow SJ. Limb-Sparing Surgery in a Dog with Osteosarcoma of the Proximal Femur. Vet Surg 2005; 34:71-7. [PMID: 15720600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2005.00013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report successful limb-sparing surgery in a dog with a proximal femoral osteosarcoma (OSA) using a composite allograft-prosthetic technique. STUDY DESIGN Case report. ANIMAL Client-owned dog. METHODS A stage IIB OSA of the proximal aspect of the femur was resected in accordance with oncologic and limb-sparing principles. The osseous defect was reconstructed with a proximal femoral allograft and cemented, long-stemmed femoral prosthesis. Soft tissue reconstruction was achieved by suturing host tendons to their respective allogeneic tendons on the allograft. Coxofemoral joint function was preserved using standard total hip arthroplasty techniques. RESULTS Limb-sparing surgery of the proximal aspect of the femur using a composite allograft-prosthetic technique resulted in excellent limb function. Postoperative complications included aseptic loosening of the femoral composite graft and allograft nonunion, which required revision, traumatic implant luxation, and local tumor recurrence. Limb function was excellent after surgical stabilization of the allograft nonunion but deteriorated after implant luxation 270 days postlimb-sparing surgery. Pulmonary and skeletal metastases were diagnosed and local tumor recurrence suspected 596 and 650 days postoperatively, respectively. The dog was euthanatized 688 days after limb-sparing surgery as a result of progressive local and metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Limb-sparing surgery for dogs with primary bone tumors of the proximal aspect of the femur is feasible with good functional results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius M Liptak
- Animal Cancer Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Ehrhart N. Longitudinal Bone Transport for Treatment of Primary Bone Tumors in Dogs: Technique Description and Outcome in 9 Dogs. Vet Surg 2005; 34:24-34. [PMID: 15720593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2005.00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a surgical technique for bone transport osteogenesis (BTO) limb salvage and report outcome in 9 dogs with primary bone tumors. ANIMALS Nine dogs with spontaneously occurring primary bone tumors. RESULTS BTO surgery was performed as a primary means of limb salvage in 7 dogs and as a salvage procedure after catastrophic allograft infection and failure in 2 dogs. Mean defect size was 9.5 cm with a mean of 123 days distraction until docking. Mean time from surgery to fixator removal was 205 days. Minimum follow-up was 9 months. There were 2 histologically confirmed local recurrences where although limb function was excellent, eventually resulted in limb amputation. Limb function was good to excellent in all but 2 dogs; 1 was chronically non-weight bearing before BTO surgery because of complications associated with an allograft limb salvage that had been performed previously on the same limb. The cause of lameness in the other dog was undetermined. CONCLUSIONS BTO limb salvage can be successful in dogs with primary bone tumors. Whereas allograft limb salvage may be simpler from an initial management perspective, BTO has some unique advantages when compared with the allograft technique. CLINICAL RELEVANCE BTO has an emerging role in limb salvage surgery for dogs with primary bone tumors. BTO provides excellent long-term outcomes in some dogs with primary bone tumors and will likely become increasingly more attractive as technique modifications allow the duration of the treatment to be shortened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ehrhart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
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Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Straw RC, Jameson VJ, Lafferty MH, Rizzo SA, Withrow SJ. Intercalary Bone Grafts for Joint and Limb Preservation in 17 Dogs with High-Grade Malignant Tumors of the Diaphysis. Vet Surg 2004; 33:457-67. [PMID: 15362984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2004.04069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate postoperative complications, limb function, and tumor control after intercalary resection and reconstruction for preservation of limb and joint function in dogs with high-grade malignant tumors of diaphyseal bone. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Seventeen client-owned dogs. METHODS The bone tumor database and medical records were reviewed (1986-2002) for dogs with diaphyseal tumors treated with intercalary resection and reconstruction with either an allograft or irradiated autograft. Clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, surgical management, and outcome were determined from medical records and telephone interviews with veterinarians and owners. Statistical analyses included chi2 to test associations between intra- and postoperative variables with complications, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for disease-free interval, metastasis-free interval (MFI), and median survival time. RESULTS Intercalary limb-sparing surgery was performed in 17 dogs with diaphyseal tumors: osteosarcoma (OSA) (15), histiocytic sarcoma (1), and solitary metastasis from a pulmonary adenocarcinoma (1). One dog was excluded from further analysis when the spared limb was amputated 4 days postoperatively because of incomplete tumor resection. In 16 dogs, limb function was good to excellent. Complications occurred in 5 dogs (31.3%) and included superficial infection in 2 dogs (12.5%) and implant failure in 4 dogs (25%). All implant failures occurred in the ulna and there was a significant association between implant failure and non-cemented allografts (P=.042). Non-union of 1 or both osteotomies was diagnosed in 10 dogs (83.3%) and, despite lack of clinical signs in all cases, was significantly associated with the use of intracavitary locally released cisplatin (P=.046) and cemented intercalary grafts (P=.046). Local tumor recurrence was diagnosed in 1 dog (6.3%) and metastatic disease in 12 dogs (75.0%), including 10 dogs with OSA. The median MFI was 137 days. The local disease-free and overall limb-salvage rate was 94% and 100%, respectively. Overall median survival time was 393 days and the median survival time for dogs with OSA was 449 days. CONCLUSION Intercalary limb-sparing surgery results in better postoperative limb function with fewer and less severe complications than historical reports of dogs treated with non-intercalary limb-sparing surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In dogs with diaphyseal tumors, intercalary limb-sparing surgery preserves normal joint function and results in good to excellent limb use with few complications and good local tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius M Liptak
- Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Lascelles BDX, Larue SM, Jameson VJ, Powers BE, Huber DJ, Withrow SJ. Intraoperative Extracorporeal Irradiation for Limb Sparing in 13 Dogs. Vet Surg 2004; 33:446-56. [PMID: 15362983 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2004.04068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate extracorporeal intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) as a treatment method for limb and joint sparing in dogs with appendicular sarcomas in sites other than the distal aspect of the radius. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Thirteen client-owned dogs. METHODS The bone tumor database and medical records (1998-2002) were reviewed for dogs with primary appendicular bone tumors treated with IORT limb-sparing surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The segment of bone containing the tumor was isolated from adjacent soft tissue and an osteotomy performed distant to the tumor. The bone segment was exteriorized, irradiated (70 Gy single fraction), and then stabilized with internal fixation. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered. Lameness was graded and local and distant tumor control was determined. Associations between intra- and postoperative variables with complications and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for median disease-free interval and survival time were calculated. RESULTS Limb function was good or excellent in 10 dogs (77%). Postoperative complications (9 dogs, 69%) included deep infection, fracture of the irradiated bone, and implant failure. Surgical failure was more likely if a single implant was used to stabilize the osteotomized bone and if deep infection developed postoperatively. In 3 dogs, tumors recurred locally within bone in the radiation field. The disease-free and overall success rates of extracorporeal IORT for limb and joint preservation were 46% and 54%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Extracorporeal IORT provides a novel alternative to traditional techniques for preservation of joint and limb function in dogs with primary appendicular sarcomas. A minimum of 2 implants and intramedullary bone cement should be used to stabilize the osteotomized bone to minimize postoperative complications. Extracorporeal IORT should be used with caution in dogs with tumors of the distal tibia because of a high complication rate. Dogs with tumors in areas of good soft-tissue coverage, such as the humerus and femur, may be good candidates for limb and joint-sparing surgery using extracorporeal IORT. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Extracorporeal IORT is a surgical technique that can be used for limb and joint salvage in dogs with primary appendicular sarcomas in sites usually not amenable to traditional limb-sparing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius M Liptak
- Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Morello E, Vasconi E, Martano M, Peirone B, Buracco P. Pasteurized tumoral autograft and adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of canine distal radial osteosarcoma: 13 cases. Vet Surg 2004; 32:539-44. [PMID: 14648532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2003.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report outcome in 13 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma, without evidence of metastasis, treated by a combination of adjuvant chemotherapy and a pasteurized autograft limb-sparing procedure. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Thirteen dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma. METHODS Limb-sparing procedure was performed using an autograft from the excised tumoral segment, pasteurized at 65 degrees C for 40 minutes. Adjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin or cisplatin and doxorubicin) was administered in all dogs. RESULTS Mean and median survival times were 531 and 324 days, respectively (range, 180 to 1,868 days). Overall survival was 100% at 6 months, 50% at 12 months, 44% at 18 months, and 22% at 24 months. Lung metastasis occurred in 5 (38%) dogs. Observed complications were local recurrence (2 dogs, 15%), allograft infection (4 dogs, 31%), and implant failure (3 dogs, 23%). Limb function was good in 12 dogs (92%) and fair in 1 dog. CONCLUSIONS Pasteurized bone autograft derived from the tumoral bone segment was an effective alternative to cortical bone allograft for limb sparing in canine distal radial osteosarcoma, in terms of feasibility, pattern of healing, complications, and survival. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of a pasteurized bone autograft eliminates the need for a canine bone allograft bank and has the added advantage of good fit to the recipient site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Morello
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, School of Veterinary Medicine, Turin, Italy
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Açil Y, Springer I, Behrens P, Ullrich KP, Hedderich J, Bruns J. Differential enhancement of collagen crosslink excretion in cases of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2003; 129:583-8. [PMID: 14513370 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-003-0470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2003] [Accepted: 05/30/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) are markers of collagen absorption and LP is specific for collagen type I in bone. In the present study we evaluated the concentration of HP and LP in urine of patients with osteosarcoma ( n=20; age range 16-49 years) and chondrosarcoma ( n=15; age range 18-70 years). The values were compared with those obtained from 74 healthy controls (age range 16-83 years). The range and upper limit of normal values (HP(max) and LP(max)) were measured in our control group. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine concentrations of HP and LP (nmol/mmol creatinine). The average urinary HP concentrations were significantly increased in patients with osteosarcoma ( p=0.001) and chondrosarcoma ( p<0.001), whereas HP remained within the normal range in approximately half of the patients. The average urinary LP concentrations were not increased in osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma patients as compared with the control group. Further studies in a large group of patients are necessary to evaluate whether HP might be a valuable marker of prognosis, and if its urinary concentration can be correlated to tumour burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Açil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Chun R, de Lorimier LP. Update on the biology and management of canine osteosarcoma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2003; 33:491-516, vi. [PMID: 12852233 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(03)00021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor diagnosed in dogs. Our understanding of the risk factors and genetic changes in canine OSA patients is growing, but specific, innovative therapeutic strategies are slow in coming. Appendicular skeletal osteosarcoma, the most frequent form of this disease, is typically seen in large to giant breeds, with males being overrepresented in most reports. Axial skeletal OSA is less common than appendicular OSA, but the biologic behavior of the disease is equally aggressive in all skeletal sites except for the mandible. Though the current standard of care for dogs with osteosarcoma remains surgical resection of the affected site, followed by chemotherapy with either a platinum- (cisplatin or carboplatin) or doxorubicin-based protocol, novel therapies are being actively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthanne Chun
- Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mosier Hall, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506-5606, USA.
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