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Chalfon C, Finotello R, Sabattini S, Gramer I, Morris JS, Aralla M, Morello EM, Ferraris E, Ramos S, Polton G, Schiavo L, Dobson J, Cola V, Marconato L. Patterns of nodal metastases, biological behaviour and prognosis of canine mast cell tumours of the pinna: A multi-institutional retrospective study. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:332-338. [PMID: 36907653 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (cMCTs) of the pinna have been associated with an aggressive biological behaviour, although data remain scarce. The knowledge acquired over the past years on histologic gradings, and the value of lymph node (LN) staging, may help in better characterizing this anatomical presentation. The first aim was to describe the frequency, location, and histologic appearance of LN metastases in cMCT of the pinna. A second aim was to evaluate prognosis. Medical records of dogs with cMCT of the pinna, that underwent tumour and sentinel (SLN) or regional LN (RLN) excision, were reviewed. The influence of potential prognostic variables on time to progression (TTP) and tumour-specific survival (TSS) was investigated. Thirty-nine dogs were included: 19 (48.7%) had Kiupel high-grade (K-HG) and 20 (51.3%) had low-grade (K-LG) MCTs. Eighteen (46.1%) dogs underwent SLN mapping: the superficial cervical LN was at least one of SLN in 17 (94.4%) cases. Twenty-two (56.4%) dogs had LN metastases; the superficial cervical LN was always involved. On multivariable analysis, only K-HG was associated with increased risk of progression (p = .043) and tumour-related death (p = .021). Median TTP and TSS were 270 and 370 days in K-HG, respectively; these were not reached in dogs with K-LG tumours (p < .01). cMCTs of the pinna are often K-HG and are also associated with a higher frequency of LN metastasis; however, we confirmed the independent prognostic value of histologic grading. A multimodal treatment may lead to favourable long-term outcome. Moreover, the superficial cervical LN is most often the SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Chalfon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Irina Gramer
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Joanna Siriol Morris
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marina Aralla
- Pronto Soccorso Veterinario Laudenese, Oncology Service, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Erica Ferraris
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sofia Ramos
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, UK
| | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, UK
| | - Luca Schiavo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Veronica Cola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Brown M, Hokamp J, Selmic LE, Kovac R. Utility of Spleen and Liver Cytology in Staging of Canine Mast Cell Tumors. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:168-175. [PMID: 35793488 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal ultrasound with spleen and liver cytology is part of routine staging for canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). However, such tests are associated with increased morbidity and cost. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine if spleen cytology was predictive of liver cytology in canine MCTs and if any patient or tumor variables were associated with spleen and/or liver metastasis. Records of dogs with MCTs and cytology of spleen and liver were reviewed. Two hundred five patients were included. Overall, 22 (10.7%) patients had metastasis, with 21 (10.2%) and 13 (6.3%) having spleen and liver metastasis, respectively, and 12 (5.9%) having both. For patients with a positive (or negative) spleen cytology, the odds ratio of having a positive (or negative) liver cytology was 233.49. However, a negative spleen cytology had a higher predictive value (0.99) than a positive cytology (0.54). Finally, the presence of local and systemic signs and tumor size were associated with spleen, liver, and/or spleen or liver metastasis. These results suggest that spleen cytology is predictive of liver cytology in staging of canine MCTs, and increasing tumor size and presence of local or systemic signs are associated with an increased risk of visceral metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Brown
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (M.B., L.E.S.), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica Hokamp
- From the Department of Veterinary Biosciences (J.H.), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Laura E Selmic
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (M.B., L.E.S.), College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rachel Kovac
- From the VCA Animal Diagnostic Clinic, Dallas, Texas (R.K.)
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3
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Evaluation of Tumor Grade and Proliferation Indices before and after Short-Course Anti-Inflammatory Prednisone Therapy in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors: A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060277. [PMID: 35737330 PMCID: PMC9227510 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid administration is a common clinical practice that attempts to decrease the inflammation associated with and improve the resectability of canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). However, the impact of neoadjuvant glucocorticoids on the histological features and proliferation indices of canine MCTs is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in tumor grade, mitotic count, Ki67, AgNOR, and AgNORxKi67 scores following short-course anti-inflammatory neoadjuvant prednisone in canine patients with MCTs. This was a prospective single-arm pilot study. Client-owned dogs with treatment-naïve cytologically confirmed MCTs were enrolled. Patients underwent an initial incisional biopsy followed by a 10–14-day course of anti-inflammatory prednisone and surgical resection. All histological samples were randomized, masked, and evaluated by a single pathologist. Unstained paired pre- and post-treatment samples were submitted to a commercial laboratory for Ki67 and AgNOR immunohistochemical analysis. There were 11 dogs enrolled with 11 tumors. There were no statistical differences between the pre- and post-treatment histological parameters of mitotic index, Ki67, AgNOR, or Ki67xAgNOR. There were no clinically significant alterations between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the assignment of tumor grades. A short course of anti-inflammatory prednisone does not appear to alter the histological parameters that affect grade determination or significantly alter the proliferation indices in canine MCTs.
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040618. [PMID: 35203268 PMCID: PMC8870669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
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Mickelson MA. Updated Concepts in Oncologic Surgery: Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma and Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:549-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Willmann M, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Marconato L, Dacasto M, Hadzijusufovic E, Hermine O, Sadovnik I, Gamperl S, Schneeweiss-Gleixner M, Gleixner KV, Böhm T, Peter B, Eisenwort G, Moriggl R, Li Z, Jawhar M, Sotlar K, Jensen-Jarolim E, Sexl V, Horny HP, Galli SJ, Arock M, Vail DM, Kiupel M, Valent P. Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Canine Mast Cell Neoplasms: A Consensus Proposal. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:755258. [PMID: 34957277 PMCID: PMC8702826 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.755258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell neoplasms are one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in dogs. The clinical picture, course, and prognosis vary substantially among patients, depending on the anatomic site, grade and stage of the disease. The most frequently involved organ is the skin, followed by hematopoietic organs (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow) and mucosal sites of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. In cutaneous mast cell tumors, several grading and staging systems have been introduced. However, no comprehensive classification and no widely accepted diagnostic criteria have been proposed to date. To address these open issues and points we organized a Working Conference on canine mast cell neoplasms in Vienna in 2019. The outcomes of this meeting are summarized in this article. The proposed classification includes cutaneous mast cell tumors and their sub-variants defined by grading- and staging results, mucosal mast cell tumors, extracutaneous/extramucosal mast cell tumors without skin involvement, and mast cell leukemia (MCL). For each of these entities, diagnostic criteria are proposed. Moreover, we have refined grading and staging criteria for mast cell neoplasms in dogs based on consensus discussion. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should greatly facilitate diagnostic evaluation and prognostication in dogs with mast cell neoplasms and should thereby support management of these patients in daily practice and the conduct of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willmann
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Michael Willmann
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Imagine Institute Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, CEREMAST, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Schneeweiss-Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline V. Gleixner
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Böhm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David M. Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mason SL, Pittaway C, Gil BP, Russak OM, Westlake K, Berlato D, Benoit J, Morris J, Dobson JM. Outcomes of adjunctive radiation therapy for the treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs and assessment of toxicity: A multicenter observational study of 300 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2853-2864. [PMID: 34672378 PMCID: PMC8692218 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy is commonly used as an adjunct to incomplete surgical excision in dogs with mast cell tumors (MCT), but the optimal dose and fractionation regimen have yet to be determined. Hypothesis We assessed outcomes (time to local recurrence, patient survival and toxicity) of a large population of dogs with MCT that received adjunctive radiation therapy. Animals Three hundred dogs with 302 MCT treated using adjunctive radiation therapy. Methods Retrospective observational study. Clinical records of 4 veterinary radiation centers were reviewed. Results Local recurrence rates were similar regardless of radiation protocol with 6.6% of patients developing recurrent cutaneous MCT at a median of 526 days. Local recurrence rate was similar between high and low‐risk MCT. Mast cell tumor related death was reported in 19% of all dogs, with 13% of dogs with low‐risk MCT dying of their disease compared to 29% of dogs with high‐risk MCT. No SC MCT (SCMCT) recurred after radiation therapy and only 7% of dogs with SCMCT were reported to have died of their disease. Mild late toxicity was common in both protocols and severe late toxicity occurred in 1.9% of dogs many years after treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Our study supports the use of adjunctive radiation for the long‐term control of incompletely or narrowly excised cutaneous and SCMCT in dogs. More moderate dose and fractionation protocols may be appropriate in the adjunctive treatment of low‐risk MCT in dogs. Large multicenter prospective studies are required to establish the optimal dose and fractionation for MCT of different risk categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Mason
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Basildon, United Kingdom.,Queens Veterinary School Hospital-Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Pittaway
- Queens Veterinary School Hospital-Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Dick White Referrals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Begona Pons Gil
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Onne-Marju Russak
- Dick White Referrals, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Westlake
- Queens Veterinary School Hospital-Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Berlato
- AniCura Animal Oncology and Imaging Center, Hünenberg, Switzerland.,Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Benoit
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jane Margaret Dobson
- Queens Veterinary School Hospital-Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Bellamy E, Berlato D. Canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours: a review. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:497-511. [PMID: 34671978 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours are common neoplasms in the dog. While the majority can be treated with adequate local therapy alone, a subset demonstrates a biologically aggressive behaviour associated with local recurrence or metastasis. This article reviews the diagnosis and tumour staging of canine mast cell tumours alongside treatment options and the evidence supporting their use. In addition, prognostic markers are evaluated to highlight how one can recognise mast cell tumours that may behave in a biologically aggressive manner as well as the challenges of tumours that are large, infiltrative or in locations not amenable to wide surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bellamy
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - D Berlato
- AniCura AOI Center AG, Hünenberg, 6331, Switzerland
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9
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Brown GK, Campbell JE, Jones PD, De Ridder TR, Reddell P, Johannes CM. Intratumoural Treatment of 18 Cytologically Diagnosed Canine High-Grade Mast Cell Tumours With Tigilanol Tiglate. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:675804. [PMID: 34513966 PMCID: PMC8429927 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.675804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine high-grade mast cell tumours (HGMCT) are associated with a poor prognosis, are inherently more invasive, and have higher rates of local recurrence. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of intratumoural tigilanol tiglate (TT) as a local treatment option. Eighteen dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) cytologically diagnosed by veterinary pathologists as either high-grade or suspected high-grade MCT were treated with TT. The TT dose was based on tumour volume (0.5 mg TT/cm3 tumour volume) and delivered intratumourally using a Luer lock syringe and a fanning technique to maximise distribution throughout the tumour mass. Efficacy was assessed on the presence/absence of a complete response (CR) to therapy at days 28 and 84 using response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST). For dogs not achieving a CR after 28 days, the protocol was repeated with a second intratumoural TT injection. Ten out of 18 dogs (56%) in this study achieved and maintained a CR to at least 84 days after their first or second treatment. Six patients were alive and available for evaluation at 2 years, three of those were recurrence free, and a further three patients were recurrence free following a second treatment cycle. Tigilanol tiglate shows efficacy for local treatment of HGMCT, with higher efficacy noted with a second injection if a CR was not achieved following the first treatment. In the event of treatment site recurrence (TSR), the tumour may be controlled with additional treatment cycles. Tigilanol tiglate provides an alternative local treatment approach to dogs with HGMCT that would either pose an unacceptable anaesthetic risk or the tumour location provides a challenge when attempting surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Reddell
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, QLD, Australia
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
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10
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Karbe GT, Davis E, Runge JJ, Brown DC, Holt DE. Evaluation of scar revision after inadequate primary excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors in 85 dogs (2000-2013). Vet Surg 2021; 50:807-815. [PMID: 33666268 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of residual tumor, and factors associated with local recurrence and disease progression in dogs with incompletely excised mast cell tumors (MCT) following scar revision surgery. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Eighty-five dogs. METHODS Medical records from January 2000 to April 2013 were reviewed. Dogs with scar revision surgery after incomplete primary MCT excision were included. Recorded were signalment; initial tumor size, location and grade; time interval between primary excision and scar revision surgery; presence of MCT in the resected scar; local recurrence, lymph node metastasis, systemic metastasis, and cause of death. RESULTS Eighty six tumors in 85 dogs were studied. Residual MCT was found in 23 (27%) resected scars. Seven (8%) scars with residual MCT had incomplete or narrow margins. Follow-up was available for 68 dogs (69 tumors; median 403 days; range 4-2939). Local recurrence was reported in three (4%) dogs at 212, 555, and 993 days. Disease progressed in 10 dogs (14.5%) with regional or systemic metastasis at a median of 207 days (64-1583). Margin status and presence of MCT in the resected scar were not associated with local recurrence or disease progression. Lymph node metastasis (p = .004), locoregional recurrence (p = .013), and disease progression (p = .001) were significantly more likely in Grade III tumors. CONCLUSION Twenty-seven percent of resected scars contained residual MCT, but recurrence was uncommon after surgical revision. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians should primarily consider tumor grade when estimating the likelihood of local recurrence and disease progression and determining the need for ancillary treatment of MCT after scar resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georga T Karbe
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Davis
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Runge
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dorothy C Brown
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David E Holt
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Niemiec B, Gawor J, Nemec A, Clarke D, McLeod K, Tutt C, Gioso M, Steagall PV, Chandler M, Morgenegg G, Jouppi R. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:E36-E161. [PMID: 32715504 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental, oral, and maxillofacial diseases are some of the most common problems in small animal veterinary practice. These conditions create significant pain as well as localized and potentially systemic infection. As such, the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) believes that un- and under treated oral and dental diseases pose a significant animal welfare concern. Dentistry is an area of veterinary medicine which is still widely ignored and is subject to many myths and misconceptions. Effective teaching of veterinary dentistry in the veterinary school is the key to progression in this field of veterinary medicine, and to the improvement of welfare for all our patients globally. These guidelines were developed to provide veterinarians with the information required to understand best practices for dental therapy and create realistic minimum standards of care. Using the three-tiered continuing education system of WSAVA, the guidelines make global equipment and therapeutic recommendations and highlight the anaesthetic and welfare requirements for small animal patients. This document contains information on common oral and dental pathologies, diagnostic procedures (an easily implementable and repeatable scoring system for dental health, dental radiography and radiology) and treatments (periodontal therapy, extractions). Further, there are sections on anaesthesia and pain management for dental procedures, home dental care, nutritional information, and recommendations on the role of the universities in improving veterinary dentistry. A discussion of the deleterious effects of anaesthesia free dentistry (AFD) is included, as this procedure is ineffective at best and damaging at worst. Throughout the document the negative effects of undiagnosed and/or treated dental disease on the health and well-being of our patients, and how this equates to an animal welfare issue, is discussed.
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12
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Oliveira MT, Campos M, Lamego L, Magalhães D, Menezes R, Oliveira R, Patanita F, Ferreira DA. Canine and Feline Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor: A Comprehensive Review of Treatments and Outcomes. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 41:100472. [PMID: 32891740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) or mastocytoma is one of the most frequent malignant cutaneous tumors in the dog, and the second most frequent in the cat. Several mast cell tumor therapeutic approaches have been proposed in the past years for dogs and cats, resulting in very distinct outcomes. The current comprehensive literature review presents a critical approach to the scientific information published about the MCTs treatments and the subsequent prognosis and survival times, in dogs and in cats diagnosed with MCTs. A systematic review of the literature following the Cochrane principles and methodology was performed. The authors resorted to MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases to select the 133 publications with evidence-based treatments for MCTs in companion animals. Results of the review suggest that the recommended treatment, prognosis and survival times for dogs and cats with MCTs depends at all times on the clinical staging, histological grade and location of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Oliveira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Marco Campos
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Luís Lamego
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Diogo Magalhães
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Menezes
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Renato Oliveira
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Francisco Patanita
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - David A Ferreira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
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13
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Cunningham DP, Skinner OT. Determination of the lateral extent of the subcutaneous wound bed in canine cadavers after closure of skin defects to replicate tumor excision. Vet Surg 2020; 49:728-735. [PMID: 32073170 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of subcutaneous involvement after primary closure of experimental skin defects. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Eight large, mixed breed dog cadavers. METHODS Standardized, circular skin defects with diameters of 2, 4, 6, or 8 cm were created at the lateral thorax or abdomen by using a matrix to ensure even distribution, with eight defects of each diameter. The wound beds were covered in 60% barium sulfate paste prior to primary closure. Computed tomography and a dedicated viewing program were used to measure the distance from the edge of the subcutaneous defect to the incision at set intervals along the incision. RESULTS The mean ± SD maximum lateral extension was 6.4 ± 1.9, 14.1 ± 4.9, 18.5 ± 6.9, and 26.0 ± 9.6 mm for 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-cm defects, respectively. Extension >2 cm from the incision occurred in zero of eight, one of eight, five of eight, and six of eight defects after closure of 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-cm defects, respectively. Extension >3 cm from the incision occurred in zero of eight, zero of eight, two of eight, and five of eight defects after closure of 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-cm defects, respectively. CONCLUSION The lateral extent of the subcutaneous wound bed extended past previously recommended revision margins of 2 to 3 cm in some defects measuring greater than 4 cm in diameter. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surgeons and radiation oncologists should consider the potential extent of the subcutaneous defect when planning revision therapy, especially after large resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin P Cunningham
- University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Health Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Owen T Skinner
- University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Health Center, Columbia, Missouri
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14
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Moore AS, Frimberger AE, Taylor D, Sullivan N. Retrospective outcome evaluation for dogs with surgically excised, solitary Kiupel high-grade, cutaneous mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:402-408. [PMID: 31916687 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Published outcomes for dogs with specifically high-grade mast cell tumours (MCTs), controlled for clinical stage, are few. Clinical outcomes for 49 dogs with Kiupel high-grade, clinical stage I, cutaneous MCTs were evaluated. Median survival time (MST) was 1046 days; 1 and 2-year survival rates were 79.3% and 72.9%, respectively. At study end 24 dogs had died, 23 dogs were alive (median follow-up 980 days) and 2 dogs were lost to follow-up. Death was considered MCT-related in 14 of 20 dogs with a known cause of death. Local tumour recurrence developed in nine dogs (18.4%); regional lymph node metastasis occurred in six dogs (12.2%); and a new MCT developed in 15 dogs (30.1%). Tumour location, histologic margin size and use of chemotherapy did not affect MST; increasing mitotic count (P = .001) and increasing tumour diameter (P = .024) were independently negatively prognostic. Six dogs that developed lymph node metastasis after surgery had worse MST (451 days) than 42 dogs that did not develop metastasis (1645 days); (P < .001). Our study suggests that dogs with local surgical control of clinical stage I histologically high Kiupel grade cutaneous MCT may have a long survival time; especially those with smaller tumours and a lower mitotic count. Our results suggest that evaluation of staging information and mitotic count may be equally helpful as histologic grading when making a prognosis; and highlight the importance of not relying on histologic grade alone when predicting survival for dogs with MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony S Moore
- Veterinary Oncology Consultants, Wauchope, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - David Taylor
- Vetnostics, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Pecceu E, Serra Varela JC, Handel I, Piccinelli C, Milne E, Lawrence J. Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high-risk mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:389-401. [PMID: 31863546 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting evidence exists regarding the importance of routine abdominal ultrasound (US) with hepatic and splenic fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology during staging of canine mast cell tumours (MCT). The objective of this study was to correlate ultrasonographic and cytologic findings in dogs with strictly defined high-risk MCTs and to determine the influence on outcome. Our hypothesis was that US poorly predicts visceral metastasis in high-risk MCTs and that early metastasis is associated with improved outcome when compared to overt metastasis. US of liver and spleen correlated to cytologic results, categorized as no metastasis, early metastasis or overt metastasis. Of 82 dogs prospectively enrolled, 18% had early visceral metastasis and 7% had overt metastasis on cytology; 67% with visceral metastasis had regional LN metastasis. US was a poor predictor of metastasis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the spleen of 67%, 68%, 21% and 94%, respectively and for the liver of 29%, 93%, 56% and 82%, respectively. Median time to progression (TTP) for dogs with no metastasis, early metastasis and overt metastasis was not reached, 305 and 69 days, respectively (P < .001). Median survival time (MST) for the 3 groups were not reached, 322 and 81 days, respectively (P < .001). High Patnaik or Kiupel grade, early metastasis, overt metastasis and adequate local control were significantly associated with outcome. Early visceral metastasis was associated with poorer outcome compared to dogs without metastasis, however, a subset of dogs experienced long-term control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Pecceu
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Serra Varela
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Chiara Piccinelli
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
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16
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Mendez SE, Drobatz KJ, Duda LE, White P, Kubicek L, Sorenmo KU. Treating the locoregional lymph nodes with radiation and/or surgery significantly improves outcome in dogs with high-grade mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:239-246. [PMID: 31509648 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade canine mast cell tumours (HG-MCT) have a high rate of locoregional relapse. In this study, dogs with HG-MCT treated with radiation therapy (RT) were retrospectively evaluated to determine the benefit associated with treating the locoregional lymph nodes (LNs). Forty-two dogs were included. Variables assessed for association with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) included WHO stage, tumour location and size, LN irradiation (prophylactic, therapeutic or none), LN treatment (yes or no), LN status at RT (metastatic or nonmetastatic) and RT intent (definitive vs palliative). Lower-stage disease at irradiation was significantly associated with prolonged median PFS (425 vs 125 days for stage 0 vs 1-4), and OS (615 vs 314 days for stage 0 vs 1-4). Having any LN treatment and definitive RT were both significantly associated with prolonged OS. In order to evaluate the role of LN irradiation, dogs were divided into subgroups: (a) stage 0 at irradiation with no LN treatment (n = 14), (b) stage 0 at irradiation with prophylactic LN irradiation (n = 6), (c) stage 0 at irradiation but previously stage 2 (n = 5) and (d) stage >0 at irradiation (n = 17). Prophylactic LN irradiation significantly prolonged PFS (>2381 vs 197 days; group B vs A). Interestingly, dogs that were stage 2 and had LN treatment (C) had prolonged OS vs dogs with negative LNs and no LN treatment (A) (1908 vs 284 days; P = .012). This study confirms that prophylactic and therapeutic LN irradiation in dogs with HG-MCT is beneficial and improves outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Mendez
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenneth J Drobatz
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lilian E Duda
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,University of Pennsylvania, Penn Vet Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Karin U Sorenmo
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Vet Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Gamperl S, Stefanzl G, Peter B, Smiljkovic D, Bauer K, Willmann M, Valent P, Hadzijusufovic E. Effects of ibrutinib on proliferation and histamine release in canine neoplastic mast cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:553-561. [PMID: 31286638 PMCID: PMC6900099 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib is effective in the treatment of human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma. Recent data have shown that ibrutinib also blocks IgE-dependent activation and histamine release in human basophils (BAs) and mast cells (MCs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether BTK serves as a novel therapeutic target in canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). We evaluated the effects of ibrutinib on two canine MC lines, C2 and NI-1 and on primary MCs obtained from canine MCTs (n = 3). Using flow cytometry, we found that ibrutinib suppresses phosphorylation of BTK and of downstream STAT5 in both MC lines. In addition, ibrutinib decreased proliferation of neoplastic MCs, with IC50 values ranging between 0.1 and 1 μM in primary MCT cells and between 1 and 3 μM in C2 and NI-1 cells. In C2 cells, the combination "ibrutinib + midostaurin" produced synergistic growth-inhibitory effects. At higher concentrations, ibrutinib also induced apoptosis in both MC lines. Finally, ibrutinib was found to suppress IgE-dependent histamine release in primary MCT cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 μM in NI-1 cells, and from 0.05 to 1 μM in primary MCT cells. In summary, ibrutinib exerts anti-proliferative effects in canine neoplastic MCs and counteracts IgE-dependent histamine release in these cells. Based on our data, ibrutinib may be considered as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of canine MCT. The value of BTK inhibition in canine MCT patients remains to be elucidated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Bauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Willmann M, Hadzijusufovic E, Hermine O, Dacasto M, Marconato L, Bauer K, Peter B, Gamperl S, Eisenwort G, Jensen-Jarolim E, Müller M, Arock M, Vail DM, Valent P. Comparative oncology: The paradigmatic example of canine and human mast cell neoplasms. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 17:1-10. [PMID: 30136349 PMCID: PMC6378619 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In humans, advanced mast cell (MC) neoplasms are rare malignancies with a poor prognosis. Only a few preclinical models are available, and current treatment options are limited. In dogs, MC neoplasms are the most frequent malignant skin tumours. Unlike low‐grade MC neoplasms, high‐grade MC disorders usually have a poor prognosis with short survival. In both species, neoplastic MCs display activating KIT mutations, which are considered to contribute to disease evolution. Therefore, tyrosine kinase inhibitors against KIT have been developed. Unfortunately, clinical responses are unpredictable and often transient, which remains a clinical challenge in both species. Therefore, current efforts focus on the development of new improved treatment strategies. The field of comparative oncology may assist in these efforts and accelerate human and canine research regarding diagnosis, prognostication, and novel therapies. In this article, we review the current status of comparative oncology approaches and perspectives in the field of MC neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willmann
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Necker Hospital, Imagine Institute Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Karin Bauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Biomodels Austria and Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michel Arock
- LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France.,Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Ilyinskaya GV, Mukhina EV, Soboleva AV, Matveeva OV, Chumakov PM. Oncolytic Sendai Virus Therapy of Canine Mast Cell Tumors (A Pilot Study). Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:116. [PMID: 29915788 PMCID: PMC5995045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Canine mastocytomas (mast cell tumors) represent a common malignancy among many dog breeds. A typical treatment strategy for canine mastocytomas includes surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy, although in many cases the therapy fails and the disease progression resumes. New treatment approaches are needed. Aims: The goal of this pilot study was to examine safety and efficacy of oncolytic Sendai virus therapy administered to canine patients with cutaneous or subcutaneous mastocytomas. Materials and Methods: Six canine patients, with variable grades and stages of the disease, received virus therapy, either as a monotherapy, or in combination with surgery. The therapy included two or more virus applications administered weekly or biweekly. Each application of Sendai virus (107-108.6 EID50) consisted of multiple individual 0.01-0.1 ml injections delivered intratumorally, intradermally around a tumor, and under a tumor bed. Results: The treatment was well tolerated, with minor transitory side effects. Of the six dogs, two did not receive surgery or any other treatment besides the virus injections. The other four animals underwent radical or debulking surgeries, and in three of them the subsequent administration of Sendai virus completely cleared locally recurrent or/and remaining tumor masses. Five dogs demonstrated a complete response to the treatment, the animals remained disease free during the time of observation (2-3 years). One dog responded only partially to the virotherapy; its after-surgical recurrent tumor and some, but not all, metastases were cleared. This dog had the most advanced stage of the disease with multiple enlarged lymph nodes and cutaneous metastases. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study suggest that Sendai virus injections could be safe and efficient for the treatment of dogs affected by mastocytomas.They also suggest the need of further studies for finding optimal schemes and schedules for this kind of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Ilyinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Mukhina
- Veterinary Clinic of Herzen Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesya V. Soboleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter M. Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Olsen JA, Thomson M, O'Connell K, Wyatt K. Combination vinblastine, prednisolone and toceranib phosphate for treatment of grade II and III mast cell tumours in dogs. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:237-251. [PMID: 29797551 PMCID: PMC6090407 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluates the progression-free interval and survival outcomes of 40 canine (Canis familiaris) patients with Patnaik grade II and III mast cell tumours treated with combination vinblastine, prednisolone and toceranib phosphate from 2011 to 2015. Patients were subdivided into three groups; patients who received neoadjuvant therapy for poorly operable lesions, patients who received adjuvant therapy following surgical resection and patients being palliated for gross metastatic disease. Median survival time (MST) for the neoadjuvant group was not reached. Median survival time for the remaining groups was 893 days and 218 days, respectively. This combination demonstrated response in 90% (26/29) patients with measurable disease. The predominant side effects related to this chemotherapy combination were gastrointestinal in origin. Further prospective studies are required to further validate the efficacy of this treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Olsen
- Perth Veterinary SpecialistsOsborne ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | | | - Ken Wyatt
- Perth Veterinary SpecialistsOsborne ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
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21
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Blackwood L, Tanis JB, Harper A, Amores-Fuster I, Killick DR, Finotello R. Acute radiotherapy toxicity in 57 dogs with gross and microscopic mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:431-440. [PMID: 29761612 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumours (MCTs) are commonly treated with radiation therapy, most often in a microscopic disease setting. Poorer outcomes are expected in patients with gross disease, and irradiation of gross disease may be associated with greater toxicity. The aim of this study was to compare acute radiation adverse events (AE) in dogs with gross and microscopic MCTs receiving radiotherapy. Fifty-seven dogs were included, 28 with gross disease and 29 with microscopic. In order to assess mucosal and skin toxicity, patients were assigned to 2 groups: head (29 patients, 14 patients with gross and 15 microscopic) and other sites (28 patients, 14 each). All were treated with external beam radiotherapy, and toxicity assessed at the end of treatment and 10 to 14 days later (first recheck). All patients developed some acute radiation toxicity by the end of the course. However, there was no difference in the severity of toxicity between gross and microscopic disease in either site group at either time point. The only variable associated with an increased frequency of grade 2 or 3 toxicity at the first recheck was the use of prednisolone prior to radiotherapy (P = .05). No other factors were identified which were associated with increased toxicity. For the head group, the site of highest grade toxicity was mucosa or, if included in the field, nasal planum, which was often more severely affected than the mucosa. No significant late toxicity was identified. Two dogs developed acute haematemesis during the radiotherapy course, but both completed the course without further events.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - J B Tanis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - A Harper
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - I Amores-Fuster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - D R Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - R Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK
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22
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Ranganathan B, Milovancev M, Leeper H, Townsend KL, Bracha S, Curran K. Inter- and intra-rater reliability and agreement in determining subcutaneous tumour margins in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:392-398. [PMID: 29498186 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate agreement and reliability of calliper-based measurements of locally invasive subcutaneous malignant tumours in dogs. Four raters measured the longest diameter of 12 subcutaneous tumours (7 soft tissue sarcomas and 5 mast cell tumours) from 11 client-owned dogs during 3 randomized, blinded measurement trials, both pre- and post-sedation. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and agreement was evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was good (ICC range of 0.8694-0.89520) and excellent (ICC range of 0.9720-0.9966), respectively. For agreement calculations, an a priori clinically relevant limit of agreement of 10 mm was set. Inter- and intra-rater agreement was unacceptable with inter-rater limits of agreement ranging from 15.9 to 55.6 mm and intra-rater limit of agreement ranging from 11.9 to 28.1 mm. Review of the measurement trial photographs revealed that calliper orientation changes were frequent, occurring in 9/12 (75%) and 8/12 (67%) pre- and post-sedation cases. No significant correlation was found between inter-rater measurement standard deviations and calliper orientation changes or dog body condition score. These findings suggest veterinarians may have poor agreement in determining the gross edge of tumours, which is expected to introduce bias and inconsistency in tumour staging, assessing response to therapy, and surgical margin planning. Due to the potential consequences for veterinary cancer patients, future studies are needed to validate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ranganathan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - M Milovancev
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - H Leeper
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - K L Townsend
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - S Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - K Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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23
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Pizzoni S, Sabattini S, Stefanello D, Dentini A, Ferrari R, Dacasto M, Giantin M, Laganga P, Amati M, Tortorella G, Marconato L. Features and prognostic impact of distant metastases in 45 dogs with de novo stage IV cutaneous mast cell tumours: A prospective study. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:28-36. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Pizzoni
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario; Bologna Italy
| | - S. Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - D. Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | | | - R. Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - M. Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - M. Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - P. Laganga
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario; Bologna Italy
| | - M. Amati
- Ospedale Veterinario Città di Pavia; Pavia Italy
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Garrett LD. Canine mast cell tumors: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2014; 5:49-58. [PMID: 32670846 PMCID: PMC7337164 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s41005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common malignant skin cancer in dogs, and significant variability exists in their biological behavior. Most MCTs are cured with appropriate local therapy, but a subset shows malignant behavior with the potential to spread to lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and other areas and to thus become a systemic cancer. Because of this variable behavior, it is difficult to predict how any individual tumor is going to behave. The variability thus creates uncertainty in deciding what a particular dog’s prognosis is, whether staging tests to assess for metastasis are needed, and even what treatments will be necessary for best outcome. In addition to controversies over the potential for development of systemic disease, or diffuse metastasis, controversies also exist over what treatment is needed to best attain local control of these tumors. This article will briefly discuss the diagnosis of MCTs in dogs and will summarize the literature in regards to the controversial topics surrounding the more aggressive form of this disease, with recommendations made based on published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Garrett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
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Schwab TM, Popovitch C, DeBiasio J, Goldschmidt M. Clinical Outcome for MCTs of Canine Pinnae Treated with Surgical Excision (2004–2008). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:187-91. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common cutaneous neoplasm in the dog. It has been suggested that MCT in certain locations may behave in a more biologically aggressive fashion than MCTs located in others; however, no published data are available for MCTs of canine pinnae treated with surgical excision. A retrospective study of 28 animals with surgical excision of MCTs of pinnae was completed with a medical record review and follow-up questionnaire to the operating veterinarian. The effect of tumor grade, clean or dirty excision, cartilage penetration, and mitotic index (MI) on local recurrence and survival time (ST) was evaluated. There was local recurrence in one dog with a grade 2 MCT and in seven of eight dogs with grade 3 MCTs. The median ST of animals with grade 1 and 2 MCTs was not reached, whereas the median ST of animals with grade 3 MCTs was 10 mo. There was no statistical association between histologically clean and dirty margins and either local recurrence or ST. A prolonged disease free interval without local recurrence may be achieved with local excision of grade 1 and 2 MCTs. Animals with grade 3 MCTs had a uniformly poor outcome with short times to local recurrence and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Schwab
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
| | - Catherine Popovitch
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
| | - John DeBiasio
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
| | - Michael Goldschmidt
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
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Baginski H, Davis G, Bastian RP. The Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Metastasis with Grade 2 MCTs in Dogs: 55 Cases (2001–2010). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:89-95. [PMID: 24446400 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates a series of dogs diagnosed with grade 2 cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) with concurrent lymph node (LN) metastasis. All dogs had surgical excision of the primary tumor. The presence of metastasis was confirmed with either histopathology (n = 35) or cytology (n = 20). There was no significant difference in survival times (STs) between dogs with and without LN metastasis. Median survival time (MST) was not reached at 65.9 mo. LN palpation was a poor predictor of metastasis (sensitivity, .71; specificity, .54). Tumor location was the only prognostic factor for survival in this series of dogs. ST was greater for dogs that had removal of their metastatic LN. This study suggests that in dogs with grade 2 MCTs, outcome may not be affected by the presence of LN metastasis; however, removal of the metastatic LN may prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Baginski
- Surgery Department, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (H.B., G.D.); and Department of Mathematics, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ (R.B.)
| | - Garrett Davis
- Surgery Department, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (H.B., G.D.); and Department of Mathematics, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ (R.B.)
| | - Richard P. Bastian
- Surgery Department, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (H.B., G.D.); and Department of Mathematics, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ (R.B.)
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27
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Elliott JW, Cripps P, Blackwood L, Berlato D, Murphy S, Grant IA. Canine oral mucosal mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 14:101-11. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Elliott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science; Liverpool University; Liverpool UK
| | - P. Cripps
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science; Liverpool University; Liverpool UK
| | - L. Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; Liverpool University; Liverpool UK
| | - D. Berlato
- Oncology Unit; Animal Health Trust; Newmarket UK
| | - S. Murphy
- CSAS; Animal Health Trust; Newmarket UK
| | - I. A. Grant
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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28
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Smrkovski OA, Essick L, Rohrbach BW, Legendre AM. Masitinib mesylate for metastatic and non-resectable canine cutaneous mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:314-21. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Smrkovski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; The University of Tennessee, C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Knoxville TN USA
| | - L. Essick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; The University of Tennessee, C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Knoxville TN USA
| | - B. W. Rohrbach
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; The University of Tennessee, C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Knoxville TN USA
| | - A. M. Legendre
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; The University of Tennessee, C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Knoxville TN USA
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29
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Boostrom BO, Good KL, Maggs DJ, Rebhun RB, Johns JL, Kent MS. Unilateral intraocular mastocytosis and anterior uveitis in a dog with subcutaneous mast cell tumors. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:131-8. [PMID: 23578200 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old male castrated Scottish terrier was referred to the Radiation Oncology Service at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for palliative radiation therapy of an incompletely excised, recurrent subcutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) located over the right scapula, and surgical removal of a perianal MCT. Three weeks after initial presentation and prior to the fifth radiation treatment, the patient was presented with cloudiness of the left eye of 3-7 days duration. Ophthalmic consultation revealed 3+ aqueous flare with a dependent, swirling component filling approximately one-third of the anterior chamber. Aqueocentesis was performed under general anesthesia. Cytology revealed mast cells with highly atypical morphology and considered most consistent with neoplasia. The patient died 7 months after pathologic diagnosis of MCT on the right shoulder and 2 months after the cytologic diagnosis of malignant mast cells in the left anterior chamber. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of intraocular involvement in a mammal with MCTs, described here as intraocular mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan O Boostrom
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California- Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Donnelly L, Mullin C, Balko J, Goldschmidt M, Krick E, Hume C, Brown DC, Sorenmo K. Evaluation of histological grade and histologically tumour-free margins as predictors of local recurrence in completely excised canine mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:70-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Donnelly
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - C. Mullin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - J. Balko
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - M. Goldschmidt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - E. Krick
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - C. Hume
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - D. C. Brown
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - K. Sorenmo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
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31
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Teng SP, Hsu WL, Chiu CY, Wong ML, Chang SC. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein, STAT3, phospho-STAT3 and KIT in spontaneous canine cutaneous mast cell tumours before and after prednisolone treatment. Vet J 2012; 193:551-6. [PMID: 22398132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Prednisolone is a glucocorticoid (GC) commonly used in the treatment of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs); however, resistance to GCs develops in many MCTs following repeated treatment. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and KIT (CD117) are involved in GC resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to prednisolone treatment in canine cutaneous MCTs and to investigate the levels of P-gp, STAT3, phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) and KIT proteins in MCTs with or without prednisolone treatment. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumour samples from 41 dogs with cutaneous MCTs. The overall objective response rate (including complete and partial responses) was 51.8% for dogs treated with prednisolone; poorly differentiated or higher stage MCTs had a lower response rate. The median time-span of tumours to reach maximal tumour regression was 14 d (range 3-77 d); 22 (81.5%) reached maximal regression at 21 d. The majority of MCTs overexpressed both P-gp and STAT3 before and after prednisolone treatment. Reduced expression of pSTAT3 and alterations in the KIT expression pattern were observed in MCTs post-treatment. Prednisolone treatment that caused a marked reduction in tumour volume was correlated with reduced pSTAT3 expression. A cytoplasmic KIT staining pattern was correlated with a lower tumour response rate to prednisolone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shr-Ping Teng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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32
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Hume CT, Kiupel M, Rigatti L, Shofer FS, Skorupski KA, Sorenmo KU. Outcomes of Dogs with Grade 3 Mast Cell Tumors: 43 Cases (1997–2007). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011; 47:37-44. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Hillman LA, Garrett LD, de Lorimier LP, Charney SC, Borst LB, Fan TM. Biological behavior of oral and perioral mast cell tumors in dogs: 44 cases (1996-2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 237:936-42. [PMID: 20946081 DOI: 10.2460/javma.237.8.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical outcome of dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs) arising from the oral mucosa, oral mucocutaneous junction, or perioral region of the muzzle and evaluate the potential role of the chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) in the biological behavior of these tumors. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 44 dogs with MCTs of the oral mucosa (n=14), oral mucocutaneous junction (19), or perioral region of the muzzle (11). PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, regional metastasis, treatments, cause of death, and survival time. Twenty of the 44 cases had stored histologic samples available for immunohistochemical staining for CCR7 RESULTS For all dogs, median survival time was 52 months. Twenty-six (59%) dogs had regional lymph node metastasis on admission. Median survival time for dogs with lymph node metastasis was 14 months, whereas median survival time was not reached for dogs without lymph node metastasis. Intensity of staining for CCR7 was not significantly associated with the presence of regional lymph node metastasis or survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that in dogs with MCTs arising from the oral mucosa, oral mucocutaneous junction, or perioral region of the muzzle, the presence of regional lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis was a negative prognostic factor. However, prolonged survival times could be achieved with treatment. In addition, CCR7 expression in the primary tumor was not significantly associated with the presence of regional lymph node metastasis or survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin A Hillman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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34
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Stefanello D, Valenti P, Faverzani S, Bronzo V, Fiorbianco V, Pinto da Cunha N, Romussi S, Cantatore M, Caniatti M. Ultrasound-Guided Cytology of Spleen and Liver: A Prognostic Tool in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:1051-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Taylor F, Gear R, Hoather T, Dobson J. Chlorambucil and prednisolone chemotherapy for dogs with inoperable mast cell tumours: 21 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2009; 50:284-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Welle MM, Bley CR, Howard J, Rüfenacht S. Canine mast cell tumours: a review of the pathogenesis, clinical features, pathology and treatment. Vet Dermatol 2009; 19:321-39. [PMID: 18980632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are well known for their neoplastic transformation in solitary and multiple cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs), as well as visceral and systemic mastocytosis. Dogs have a unique risk of developing cutaneous MCTs, and they account for 7% to 21% of all canine skin tumours. The aetiology of canine MCTs is unknown but is probably multifactorial. This article reviews up-to-date knowledge on the pathogenesis, the clinical presentation, the clinical prognostic factors, the diagnostic workup including clinical staging, cytological findings, histological findings and the various grading systems which have been evaluated based on morphology, the assessment of proliferation markers and other factors such as vessel density. Furthermore, detailed information about current treatment protocols for canine cutaneous MCTs is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Welle
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty and University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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37
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Camps-Palau MA, Leibman NF, Elmslie R, Lana SE, Plaza S, McKnight JA, Risbon R, Bergman PJ. Treatment of canine mast cell tumours with vinblastine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone: 35 cases (1997?2004). Vet Comp Oncol 2007; 5:156-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2006.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Veterinary radiation oncology became a recognized specialty in 1994. Radiation therapy is an important component of a multimodality approach to treating cancer in companion animals. It is important to understand the many aspects of radiation, including the equipment used in external beam radiation therapy, the basic mechanism of action of ionizing radiation, the results of irradiating various histopathological types of tumors, as well as the associated potential acute and late side effects of radiation. A comprehensive review of radiation therapy is timely and provides information for clients on cancers that may benefit from external beam radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C McEntee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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39
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Thamm DH, Turek MM, Vail DM. Outcome and prognostic factors following adjuvant prednisone/vinblastine chemotherapy for high-risk canine mast cell tumour: 61 cases. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:581-7. [PMID: 16820715 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical records of 61 dogs with MCT at high risk for metastasis that were treated with prednisone and VBL following excision+/-radiation therapy were reviewed, and median disease-free interval (DFI), median overall survival time (OS) and prognostic factors assessed. Adverse effects, mostly mild, were noted in 26% of patients, usually after the first VBL dose. 6.5% experienced severe neutropenia. The DFI was 1305 days, and the OS was not reached, with 65% alive at 3 years. 100% of dogs with "high-risk" grade II MCT were alive at 3 years. The OS for dogs with grade III MCT was 1374 days. Histologic grade, location (mucous membrane vs. skin) and use of prophylactic nodal irradiation predicted outcome. Prednisone and VBL chemotherapy is well tolerated, and results in good outcomes following surgery in dogs with MCT at high risk for metastasis. High-grade and mucocutaneous tumors had a worse outcome, and the use of prophylactic nodal irradiation appeared to improve outcome in this group of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53704, USA
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40
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Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella N, Touron C, Lanore D, Geffré A, Diquelou A, Guelfi JF, Braun JP. Adverse Haematological Effects of Vinblastine, Prednisolone and Cimetidine Treatment: a Retrospective Study in Fourteen Dogs with Mast Cell Tumours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:275-9. [PMID: 16050908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vinblastine toxicity is poorly documented in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the haematological alterations in dogs treated with vinblastine and prednisolone. Fourteen dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) were selected on at least one of the following criteria: lymph node infiltration, surgical margin infiltration, grade II MCTs with Ki-67 >10%, and grade III MCTs. Starting 15 days after surgery, the dogs were given vinblastine (2 mg/m2 i.v. four times weekly, then twice monthly for 2 months) and prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day p.o.). An EDTA blood sample was collected weekly for complete blood count (CBC). A total of 98 doses of vinblastine were given to the 14 dogs and 114 CBC were performed. Abnormal haematological findings were observed in 12 CBCs from five dogs, which represent a prevalence of 20% of the total CBCs performed in these animals. The most prevalent abnormal finding was thrombopenia (9/12) most often with grade I toxicity (6/9). In conclusion, the risk of occurrence of adverse haematological effects resulting from vinblastine-prednisolone treatment seems limited in dogs with MCT and it should not be overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trumel
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Compagnie et de Sport, Ecole Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23, chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France.
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41
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Séguin B, McDonald DE, Kent MS, Walsh PJ, Théon AP. Tolerance of Cutaneous or Mucosal Flaps Placed into a Radiation Therapy Field in Dogs. Vet Surg 2005; 34:214-22. [PMID: 16115077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2005.00033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical outcome and factors affecting cutaneous or mucosal flaps in dogs treated with radiation therapy (RT). STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal clinical study. ANIMALS Twenty-six client-owned dogs. METHODS Dogs entered in the study had a flapping procedure and RT as part of their treatment. The sequence of flapping and RT included: (1) planned preoperative RT, (2) postoperative RT, and (3) flapping as a salvage procedure for management of complications or local tumor recurrence after RT. Flap complications were defined as necrosis, local infection, dehiscence, and ulceration. The risk and severity of flap complication were analyzed independently. RESULTS Twenty (77%) dogs had a complication; 6 dogs required an additional flapping procedure; and 4 dogs had an unresolved complication. Flapping procedures performed to correct a complication, or failure of RT, had a significantly greater risk for complication; however, postoperative RT decreased the severity of complication. A dose per fraction of 4 Gy compared with 3 Gy was prognostic for increased severity of complications, whereas the head and neck location was prognostic for decreased severity of complication. CONCLUSIONS Although morbidity was substantial, cutaneous or mucosal flaps were used successfully in an RT field in 85% of the dogs. Flaps that were part of the planned therapy as opposed to those used to correct a complication or failure of RT had a better clinical outcome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cutaneous or mucosal flaps can be part of the treatment of dogs with tumor when adjuvant or neoadjuvant RT is to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences and Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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42
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Dobson J, Cohen S, Gould S. Treatment of canine mast cell tumours with prednisolone and radiotherapy. Vet Comp Oncol 2004; 2:132-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5810.2004.00048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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