1
|
Tyroller F, Haas B, Posch B, Hettlich B, Schwandt C, Pfleghaar S. Toxoplasma gondii spinal granuloma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231208890. [PMID: 38022705 PMCID: PMC10676631 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231208890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 7-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented with a history of progressive pelvic limb ataxia. A CT scan of the thoracic spine identified an extradural, left lateralised and compressive soft tissue mass at the level of T9. A decompressive hemilaminectomy at the level of T8-T10 and tissue sampling of the mass were performed. Histopathological examination revealed a parasite granuloma caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection. Postoperatively, the cat improved consistently, but mild left pelvic limb lameness remained. At 5 weeks, a recheck CT scan showed a small, enhancing soft tissue lesion in the left epidural space at T9, causing a mild left lateral compression of the spinal cord. After 9 months, the cat acutely deteriorated neurologically and was euthanased without postmortem examination. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of a T gondii spinal granuloma in a cat. Such a granuloma should be considered as a differential in cats with evidence of an extradural soft tissue mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Haas
- Kleintierzentrum Germering, Germering, Bayern, Germany
| | - Barbara Posch
- Tierärztliches Gesundheitszentrum Piding, Piding, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mediastinal histoplasmosis with cardiac involvement in a cat. J Vet Cardiol 2020; 31:15-22. [PMID: 32861029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is the second most common fungal infection reported among domestic felines in the United States. Dissemination of the organism after inoculation is common and affected organ systems include the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, reticuloendothelial organs, skeletal system, integument, and ocular system. However, histoplasmosis presenting as a discrete granulomatous mass identified on echocardiogram has never been reported in the veterinary literature. Here, we describe the first case of feline histoplasmosis presenting as a granuloma with cardiac involvement. The patient, a 6-year-old male neutered domestic longhair feline, was referred for tachypnea and dyspnea. A mass in the cranial mediastinum abutting the heart was diagnosed via two-dimensional echocardiography. Cytology of fine needle aspirates from the mass revealed round yeast structures consistent with Histoplasma spp. The patient was treated with oral fluconazole therapy, and subsequent rechecks have shown marked improvement in clinical parameters, lesion size, and antigen concentrations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Central Nervous System Cytology. COWELL AND TYLER'S DIAGNOSTIC CYTOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY OF THE DOG AND CAT 2020. [PMCID: PMC7151995 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-53314-0.00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
4
|
Lesske NA, Twito R, Krauß MW, Bencini Röthlisberger A. Paraparesis in a cat caused by idiopathic sterile pyogranulomatous inflammation and necrosis of epidural fat. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Lesske
- Tierklinik Dr Krauss Düsselorf GmbHDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Roy Twito
- Tierklinik Dr Krauss Düsselorf GmbHDüsseldorfGermany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith KM, Strom AR, Gilmour MA, LaDouceur E, Reilly CM, Byrne BA, Affolter VK, Sykes JE, Maggs DJ. Utility of antigen testing for the diagnosis of ocular histoplasmosis in four cats: a case series and literature review. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:1110-1118. [PMID: 27527560 PMCID: PMC11111000 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16662310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Case series summary This case series describes the clinical utility of antigen testing for the diagnosis of feline ocular histoplasmosis. Four cats with suspected (n = 2) or confirmed (n = 2) ocular histoplasmosis are described: three from Oklahoma and one from California. In one case, serial urine antigen tests, as well as a serum antigen test for Histoplasma capsulatum, were negative; however, light microscopy identified microorganisms consistent with H capsulatum in ocular tissues at necropsy. In a further two cats with recurrent ocular histoplasmosis following long-term systemic antifungal therapy, Histoplasma species urine antigen concentrations were negative, but both cats improved clinically following systemic antifungal therapy and remained in apparent clinical remission after treatment cessation (9-16 months). The final cat displayed profound bilateral endophthalmitis; however, Histoplasma species antigen testing of vitreous humor and subretinal fluid from the left eye was negative. Intralesional organisms were detected on histopathology of both eyes, and H capsulatum was subsequently isolated and sequenced from tissue of one eye. Relevance and novel information These cases highlight the potential difficulty in definitively diagnosing ocular histoplasmosis in cats when conducting antigen testing of serum, urine and even ocular fluids. Although antigen testing has previously proven useful in the diagnosis of disseminated feline histoplasmosis, it may not be adequate in cats with only ocular signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Smith
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ann R Strom
- Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Current address: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Margi A Gilmour
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Elise LaDouceur
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Current address: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M Reilly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jane E Sykes
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David J Maggs
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Atiee G, Kvitko-White H, Spaulding K, Johnson M. ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF HISTOPLASMOSIS IDENTIFIED IN THE SPLEEN IN 15 CATS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:310-4. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Genna Atiee
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences
| | | | | | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Texas A&M University; TX 77843
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reinhart JM, KuKanich KS, Jackson T, Harkin KR. Feline histoplasmosis: fluconazole therapy and identification of potential sources of Histoplasma species exposure. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:841-8. [PMID: 22736675 PMCID: PMC11108012 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12452494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Feline histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection often treated with itraconazole, which can be cost-prohibitive for some clients. Additionally, although the clinical disease in cats has been documented, sources of Histoplasma species spore exposure in cats have yet to be thoroughly investigated. The objectives of this study were to compare the outcomes of cats with histoplasmosis treated with fluconazole to those treated with itraconazole, and to evaluate possible sources of exposure for affected cats. Medical records from feline patients with confirmed histoplasmosis (n = 32) at Kansas State University were systematically reviewed and follow-up was performed by owner telephone interview. Cats treated with fluconazole (n = 17) had similar mortality and recrudescence rates when compared with cats treated with itraconazole (n = 13). Thus, fluconazole may be a viable alternative therapy for the treatment of feline histoplasmosis. Eleven cats were housed strictly indoors and possible sources of exposure reported for these cats included potted plants (5/11) and unfinished basements (6/11).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Reinhart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5606, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taylor AR, Barr JW, Hokamp JA, Johnson MC, Young BD. Cytologic Diagnosis of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in the Wall of the Urinary Bladder of a Cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:203-8. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 10 yr old domestic longhair presented with a 2.5 mo history of recurrent hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound examination demonstrated a thickened urinary bladder, abdominal lymphadenopathy, and a thickened and rounded spleen. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirate samples revealed Histoplasma capsulatum organisms in the urinary bladder wall and spleen. The cat was treated with itraconazole (10 mg/kg per os q 24 hr for 2.5 wk). The cat was euthanized after 19 days of treatment because of lack of improvement. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documented case of feline disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed in the urinary bladder wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Taylor
- James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (A.T.); and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (J.B., J.H., M.J., B.Y.)
| | - James W. Barr
- James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (A.T.); and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (J.B., J.H., M.J., B.Y.)
| | - Jessica A. Hokamp
- James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (A.T.); and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (J.B., J.H., M.J., B.Y.)
| | - Mark C. Johnson
- James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (A.T.); and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (J.B., J.H., M.J., B.Y.)
| | - Benjamin D. Young
- James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (A.T.); and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (J.B., J.H., M.J., B.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Infectious Diseases. THE CAT 2012. [PMCID: PMC7161403 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Second Case of Histoplasmosis in a Captive Mara (Dolichotis patagonum): Pathological Findings. Mycopathologia 2009; 168:95-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|