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Bogaerts E, den Boer E, Peelman L, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Fieten H, Saunders JH, Broeckx BJG. Veterinarians' Competence in Applying Basic Genetic Principles and Daily Implementation of Clinical Genetics: A Study in a University Environment. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021:e20210029. [PMID: 34323673 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2020-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Veterinarian competency in genetics is vital for a meaningful application of the rapidly growing number of genetic tests available for animals. We evaluated the use of genetic tests in the daily veterinary practice and the competency of university-employed veterinarians in applying basic principles of genetics in a clinical setting through an electronic survey with 14 cases and 7 statements on genetics. Ninety-one non-geneticist veterinarians from two veterinary faculties in two different countries responded. Almost half of the participants apply genetic tests during their daily work, with frequencies varying between weekly and once a year. The most common indication to request a genetic test was diagnostic testing of clinically ill patients. Although 80% of the veterinarians communicated the result of a genetic test themselves, only 56% of them found it "very to rather easy" to find the correct test, and only 32% of them always felt competent to interpret the result of the test. The number of correctly answered questions varied widely, with median scores of 9/14 (range 0-14) and 5/7 (range 0-7) for the cases and statements, respectively. Most difficulties were seen with recognition of pedigree inheritance patterns, while veterinarians scored better in breeding advice and probability of disease estimations. Veterinarians scored best on questions related to autosomal recessive inheritance, followed by complex, autosomal dominant, X-linked recessive, and X-linked dominant inheritance. This study exposed pain points in veterinarians' knowledge and has led to the formulation of recommendations for future education and communication between laboratories, geneticists, and veterinarians.
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Ekenstedt KJ, Minor KM, Rendahl AK, Conzemius MG. DNM1 mutation status, sex, and sterilization status of a cohort of Labrador retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2017; 4:2. [PMID: 28168039 PMCID: PMC5288950 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-017-0041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise-induced collapse (EIC) due to DNM1 mutation and rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament are both common syndromes in the Labrador retriever breed. A cohort of 313 Labradors was recruited based on their CCLR status and were subsequently genetically tested for EIC. Epidemiological aspects of the cohort were also described, including sex, sterilization status, and age at sterilization. Results No sex difference was observed in dogs susceptible to EIC (homozygous for the mutant genotype) compared to dogs not susceptible to EIC (heterozygotes and dogs homozygous for the normal genotype). No evidence for association was detected between CCLR status and EIC status (p =0.357), although the sample cohort was not of sufficient size to entirely rule out an association. A significant difference (p = 0.031) was observed in the sex distribution of dogs affected with CCLR compared to those without CCLR. An increased number of female CCLR cases were observed compared to the number of female controls; male CCLR cases and controls were approximately the same number. When CCLR status was examined in each sex, no significant differences were observed between those that were sterilized and those that weren’t. However, for female dogs that were sterilized, CCLR cases were significantly higher in dogs sterilized at one year of age or younger compared to those sterilized when over the age of one year (p = 0.0021, OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.55–12.72); for males, this finding was suggestive, but not statistically significant (p = 0.0913, OR 3.57, 95% CI 0.809–14.476). Conclusions CCLR is not associated with a large increase in EIC occurrence. Statistically, these two syndromes cannot be proven to be unrelated; however, concomitant occurrence of CCLR and EIC in Labrador retrievers is rare, despite the high prevalence of both syndromes in this breed. Epidemiological findings suggest that females may be over-represented in CCLR cases and that early sterilization (≤1 year) may increase the risk of Labradors developing CCLR later in life (particularly in females). These results should be considered preliminary and require confirmation in larger populations of Labrador retrievers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Ekenstedt
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Katie M Minor
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Aaron K Rendahl
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael G Conzemius
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
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Taylor S, Minor K, Shmon CL, Shelton GD, Patterson EE, Mickelson JR. Border Collie Collapse: Owner Survey Results and Veterinary Description of Videotaped Episodes. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 52:364-370. [PMID: 27685362 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Completed surveys were obtained from owners of 165 border collies experiencing repeated episodes of abnormal gait or collapse during strenuous exercise. Unremarkable veterinary evaluation and lack of disease progression over time made common systemic, cardiac, and neurologic causes of exercise intolerance unlikely. Survey questions addressed signalment, age of onset, description of episodes, and owner perception of factors associated with collapse. Most dogs were young adults (median 2 yr) when episodes began, and they had experienced from 2 to more than 100 episodes (median 6) prior to their owners completing the survey. Retrieving was the activity most commonly associated with episodes (112/165 dogs, 68%), followed by herding stock (39/165 dogs, 24%). Owners reported that high environmental temperatures (111/165 dogs, 67%) and excitement (67/165 dogs, 41%) increased the likelihood of their dog having an episode during strenuous activity. Veterinary evaluation of videotapes of presumed border collie collapse (BCC) episodes (40 dogs) were used to provide a description of the typical features of BCC episodes. Altered mentation, symmetrical ataxia affecting all four limbs, increased pelvic limb extensor tone and toe scuffing or knuckling, truncal swaying, and falling to the side were common features, suggesting that BCC may be an episodic diffuse central nervous system disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Taylor
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (S.T., C.L.S.); the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., E.E.P.) and the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (J.R.M.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.D.S.)
| | - Katie Minor
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (S.T., C.L.S.); the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., E.E.P.) and the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (J.R.M.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.D.S.)
| | - Cindy L Shmon
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (S.T., C.L.S.); the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., E.E.P.) and the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (J.R.M.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.D.S.)
| | - G Diane Shelton
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (S.T., C.L.S.); the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., E.E.P.) and the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (J.R.M.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.D.S.)
| | - Edward E Patterson
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (S.T., C.L.S.); the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., E.E.P.) and the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (J.R.M.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.D.S.)
| | - James R Mickelson
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (S.T., C.L.S.); the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (K.M., E.E.P.) and the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (J.R.M.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (G.D.S.)
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Taylor S, Shmon C, Su L, Epp T, Minor K, Mickelson J, Patterson E, Shelton GD. Evaluation of Dogs with Border Collie Collapse, Including Response to Two Standardized Strenuous Exercise Protocols. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 52:281-90. [PMID: 27487345 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and metabolic variables were evaluated in 13 dogs with border collie collapse (BCC) before, during, and following completion of standardized strenuous exercise protocols. Six dogs participated in a ball-retrieving protocol, and seven dogs participated in a sheep-herding protocol. Findings were compared with 16 normal border collies participating in the same exercise protocols (11 retrieving, five herding). Twelve dogs with BCC developed abnormal mentation and/or an abnormal gait during evaluation. All dogs had post-exercise elevations in rectal temperature, pulse rate, arterial blood pH, PaO2, and lactate, and decreased PaCO2 and bicarbonate, as expected with strenuous exercise, but there were no significant differences between BCC dogs and normal dogs. Electrocardiography demonstrated sinus tachycardia in all dogs following exercise. Needle electromyography was normal, and evaluation of muscle biopsy cryosections using a standard panel of histochemical stains and reactions did not reveal a reason for collapse in 10 dogs with BCC in which these tests were performed. Genetic testing excluded the dynamin-1 related exercise-induced collapse mutation and the V547A malignant hyperthermia mutation as the cause of BCC. Common reasons for exercise intolerance were eliminated. Although a genetic basis is suspected, the cause of collapse in BCC was not determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Taylor
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (S.T., C.S., L.S.) and the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (T.E.), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (K.M., J.M., E.P.); and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (G.D.S.)
| | - Cindy Shmon
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (S.T., C.S., L.S.) and the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (T.E.), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (K.M., J.M., E.P.); and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (G.D.S.)
| | - Lillian Su
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (S.T., C.S., L.S.) and the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (T.E.), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (K.M., J.M., E.P.); and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (G.D.S.)
| | - Tasha Epp
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (S.T., C.S., L.S.) and the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (T.E.), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (K.M., J.M., E.P.); and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (G.D.S.)
| | - Katie Minor
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (S.T., C.S., L.S.) and the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (T.E.), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (K.M., J.M., E.P.); and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (G.D.S.)
| | - James Mickelson
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (S.T., C.S., L.S.) and the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (T.E.), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (K.M., J.M., E.P.); and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (G.D.S.)
| | - Edward Patterson
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (S.T., C.S., L.S.) and the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (T.E.), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (K.M., J.M., E.P.); and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (G.D.S.)
| | - G Diane Shelton
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (S.T., C.S., L.S.) and the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (T.E.), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (K.M., J.M., E.P.); and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (G.D.S.)
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International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force's current understanding of idiopathic epilepsy of genetic or suspected genetic origin in purebred dogs. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:175. [PMID: 26316206 PMCID: PMC4552344 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine idiopathic epilepsy is a common neurological disease affecting both purebred and crossbred dogs. Various breed-specific cohort, epidemiological and genetic studies have been conducted to date, which all improved our knowledge and general understanding of canine idiopathic epilepsy, and in particular our knowledge of those breeds studied. However, these studies also frequently revealed differences between the investigated breeds with respect to clinical features, inheritance and prevalence rates. Awareness and observation of breed-specific differences is important for successful management of the dog with epilepsy in everyday clinical practice and furthermore may promote canine epilepsy research. The following manuscript reviews the evidence available for breeds which have been identified as being predisposed to idiopathic epilepsy with a proven or suspected genetic background, and highlights different breed specific clinical features (e.g. age at onset, sex, seizure type), treatment response, prevalence rates and proposed inheritance reported in the literature. In addition, certain breed-specific diseases that may act as potential differentials for idiopathic epilepsy are highlighted.
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