1
|
Coffey EL, Becker ZW, Gomez AM, Ericsson AC, Churchill JA, Burton EN, Granick JL, Lulich JP, Furrow E. Dietary Features Are Associated with Differences in the Urinary Microbiome in Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs. Vet Sci 2024; 11:286. [PMID: 39057970 PMCID: PMC11281549 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11070286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in shaping the gut microbiome composition, although the impact of diet on the urinary microbiome (i.e., urobiome) remains unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to discover how nutritional features affect the diversity and composition of the urobiome in dogs. Dietary histories were obtained for 15 clinically healthy adult dogs, including limited nutrient (protein, fat, crude fiber), commercial diet brand, and dietary diversity profiles. The urine samples were collected via cystocentesis, followed by sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The data were analyzed to determine associations between major nutrients and dietary sources with the urobiome's composition. The protein, fat, and crude fiber contents had no statistically significant effect on the alpha or beta diversity. However, the beta diversity values differed (PERMANOVA; p = 0.017, R2 = 0.10) between dogs fed one commercial diet brand compared to dogs consuming any other brand. The beta diversity values also differed (p = 0.019, R2 = 0.10) between dogs consuming more diverse daily diets compared to those consuming less diverse diets (≥3 or <3 unique food sources, respectively). Overall, the results of this pilot study suggest that diet might impact the urobiome and support further exploration of the relationship between diet and the urobiome's composition in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Coffey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Z.W.B.); (J.A.C.); (J.L.G.); (J.P.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Zoe W. Becker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Z.W.B.); (J.A.C.); (J.L.G.); (J.P.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Andres M. Gomez
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Julie A. Churchill
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Z.W.B.); (J.A.C.); (J.L.G.); (J.P.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Erin N. Burton
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Granick
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Z.W.B.); (J.A.C.); (J.L.G.); (J.P.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Jody P. Lulich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Z.W.B.); (J.A.C.); (J.L.G.); (J.P.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Eva Furrow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Z.W.B.); (J.A.C.); (J.L.G.); (J.P.L.); (E.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evaluation of the Influence of Coprophagic Behavior on the Digestibility of Dietary Nutrients and Fecal Fermentation Products in Adult Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120686. [PMID: 36548846 PMCID: PMC9783008 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coprophagia is a common and undesirable behavior observed in dogs; however, little is known about its causes or possible consequences when analysis of the animal's feces is needed for experimental purposes. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of coprophagy on digestibility, fecal pH, and fermentative metabolites. Twelve healthy dogs with a mean age of 3.50 ± 1.45 years were included and divided into two groups: coprophagic (COP) and non-coprophagic (NCOP). The study lasted 30 days, the last 6 days being used to collect feces for the analysis of the apparent digestibility of coefficients (ADC), fecal pH, and the concentration of short- and branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, and fecal lactic acid. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software. No differences were observed for most variables, except for the ADC of nitrogen-free extract (NFE), which presented the highest average for the COP. This result should be interpreted with caution, as the NFE is estimated from calculations and was not determined in the laboratory; in addition, the results represent not only starch and sugars but also some parts referring to fibers. Therefore, coprophagy seemed not to influence the fecal variables analyzed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Extrusion and product parameters for extruded dog diets with graded levels of whole soybeans. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Boothby GL, Parr JM, Bartges JW. Weight measurements result in improved accuracy and precision in preparation of cooked homemade diets for dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:S46-S52. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.07.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Accurate measurement of ingredients for cooked homemade diets helps ensure diets are complete and balanced. Studies have demonstrated measuring dry dog food with measuring cups results in significant inaccuracy. Therefore, measuring ingredients by volume when preparing these diets may be inaccurate. The purpose was to determine the accuracy of preparing cooked homemade diets by measuring ingredients by volume (measuring cups and spoons) or weight (digital gram scale with a syringe for measuring oil only).
SAMPLES
42 diet samples prepared by 21 participants.
PROCEDURES
21 participants were instructed on homemade diet preparation based on weight or volume measurement methods. Diet samples underwent proximate analysis and mineral analysis. Data, expressed on a dry matter basis (DMB) and an energy density basis (EDB), from both groups were compared to the anticipated nutrient profile to determine which method resulted in more accuracy. Data from individual samples within each group were compared to each other to determine the precision of both methods.
RESULTS
Weight measurements were more precise for crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen-free extract, and potassium (DMB and EDB) and more accurate for ash (DMB and EDB) and iron (EDB). Comparatively, volume measurements were more precise for ash (DMB) and more accurate for iron (DMB).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings suggest weight measurements should be utilized to prepare cooked homemade diets for dogs to promote precision and accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace L. Boothby
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Jacqueline M. Parr
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Joseph W. Bartges
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Traughber ZT, Detweiler KB, Price AK, Knap KE, Harper TA, Swanson KS, de Godoy MRC. Effect of crude fiber and total dietary fiber on the calculated nitrogen-free extract and metabolizable energy content of various dog foods fed to client-owned dogs with osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:787-794. [PMID: 34554875 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.10.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare measurements of crude fiber (CF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) for various dog foods and their effect on the calculated nitrogen-free extract and metabolizable energy (ME) content, and to compare label-guaranteed and laboratory-analyzed macronutrient values. SAMPLES 51 dog foods fed to client-owned dogs with osteoarthritis. PROCEDURES Foods were analyzed for dry matter, ash, crude protein, acid-hydrolyzed fat, CF, and TDF. Metabolizable energy was calculated by use of a formula with modified Atwater factors and formulas recommended by the National Research Council that included both CF and TDF values. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between CF and TDF values. RESULTS Only a few foods failed to conform to the guaranteed analysis for all macronutrients except for CF, in which approximately 40% of the foods exceeded the guaranteed maximum values. The CF and TDF values were moderately correlated (r = 0.843). Correlations among CF- and TDF-based ME estimations were moderate with use of the modified Atwater formula and strong with use of the National Research Council formulas (r = 0.86 and r = 0.91, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Values for CF were the most variable of the macronutrients of the evaluated dog foods and results suggested that CF is an incomplete and inaccurate measurement of dietary fiber content and, thus, its inaccuracy may lead to inaccurate and variable ME values.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nutritional Management for Dogs and Cats with Gastrointestinal Diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51:669-684. [PMID: 33653539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disease encompasses a wide variety of conditions, often with similar clinical signs. In order to optimize diet selection and nutritional management for dogs and cats with GI disease, it is important to consider a patient's nutritional assessment, problem list, specific nutrients of concern, and other factors. This review summarizes the process of utilizing this information to select a diet for a patient with GI disease as well as target levels for nutrients of concern. Overall, it is important to make an individualized recommendation and reassess the patient to make additional adjustments to the nutritional plan as needed as well as establishing target levels for nutrients of concern.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jarett JK, Carlson A, Rossoni Serao M, Strickland J, Serfilippi L, Ganz HH. Diets with and without edible cricket support a similar level of diversity in the gut microbiome of dogs. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7661. [PMID: 31565574 PMCID: PMC6743483 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in the health of dogs. Both beneficial microbes and overall diversity can be modulated by diet. Fermentable sources of fiber in particular often increase the abundance of beneficial microbes. Banded crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) contain the fermentable polysaccharides chitin and chitosan. In addition, crickets are an environmentally sustainable protein source. Considering crickets as a potential source of both novel protein and novel fiber for dogs, four diets ranging from 0% to 24% cricket content were fed to determine their effects on healthy dogs’ (n = 32) gut microbiomes. Fecal samples were collected serially at 0, 14, and 29 days, and processed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons. Microbiomes were generally very similar across all diets at both the phylum and genus level, and alpha and beta diversities did not differ between the various diets at 29 days. A total of 12 ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) from nine genera significantly changed in abundance following the addition of cricket, often in a dose-response fashion with increasing amounts of cricket. A net increase was observed in Catenibacterium, Lachnospiraceae [Ruminococcus], and Faecalitalea, whereas Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiracaeae NK4A136 group and others decreased in abundance. Similar changes in Catenibacterium and Bacteroides have been associated with gut health benefits in other studies. However, the total magnitude of all changes was small and only a few specific taxa changed in abundance. Overall, we found that diets containing cricket supported the same level of gut microbiome diversity as a standard healthy balanced diet. These results support crickets as a potential healthy, novel food ingredient for dogs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaplan JL, Stern JA, Fascetti AJ, Larsen JA, Skolnik H, Peddle GD, Kienle RD, Waxman A, Cocchiaro M, Gunther-Harrington CT, Klose T, LaFauci K, Lefbom B, Machen Lamy M, Malakoff R, Nishimura S, Oldach M, Rosenthal S, Stauthammer C, O’Sullivan L, Visser LC, William R, Ontiveros E. Taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers fed commercial diets. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209112. [PMID: 30543707 PMCID: PMC6292607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Golden retrievers are over-represented in cases of taurine-deficient dilated cardiomyopathy and recently a surge in cases has prompted further investigation. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, dietary, and echocardiographic features in golden retrievers diagnosed with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy, and to determine specific dietary associations. A second aim was to determine the whole blood taurine concentrations in a representative sample of healthy golden retrievers. ANIMALS Twenty-four client-owned golden retrievers with documented taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy and 52 healthy client-owned golden retrievers. METHODS In this multicenter prospective observational study, baseline and follow-up echocardiographic data, complete diet and medical histories, and whole blood, plasma, or serum taurine concentrations were obtained. Baseline and follow-up echocardiographic data were compared. Associations were evaluated between specific diets and taurine deficiency or congestive heart failure. The prevalence of low whole blood taurine concentrations in the healthy golden retrievers was calculated. RESULTS Twenty-three of 24 dogs diagnosed with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy were fed diets that were either grain-free, legume-rich, or a combination of these factors. None of these diets were feeding trial tested using Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) procedures. Twenty-three of 24 dogs had significant improvement in their echocardiographic parameters and normalization of taurine concentrations following diet change and taurine supplementation. Nine of 11 dogs diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF) had resolution of their congestion at follow-up with five no longer requiring diuretic therapy and four tolerating diuretic dose reduction by >50%. CONCLUSIONS Certain diets and diet characteristics were associated with the development of taurine deficiency. Taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers is likely multifactorial, including a combination of dietary, metabolic, and genetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. Kaplan
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea J. Fascetti
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hannah Skolnik
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gordon D. Peddle
- Animal Emergency & Referral Associates, Fairfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Kienle
- Mission Valley Veterinary Cardiology, Gilroy, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Waxman
- SAGE Centers for Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Care, Dublin, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Cocchiaro
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital of the Carolinas, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine T. Gunther-Harrington
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Tyler Klose
- Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists, Glendale, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kendra LaFauci
- CVCA Cardiac Care for Pets Annapolis, Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Lefbom
- The Regional Veterinary Referral Center, CVCA Cardiac Care for Pets, Springfield, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Maggie Machen Lamy
- Veterinary Cardiopulmonary Care Center, West Palm Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Malakoff
- MSPCA Angell West, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Satoko Nishimura
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Maureen Oldach
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Steven Rosenthal
- CVCA Cardiac Care for Pets, Towson, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher Stauthammer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lynne O’Sullivan
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Lance C. Visser
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Regan William
- Veterinary Emergency Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Ontiveros
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Norton RD, Lenox CE, Manino P, Vulgamott JC. Nutritional Considerations for Dogs and Cats with Liver Disease. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 52:1-7. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6292r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goals of nutritional management of liver disease in the dog and cat are directed at treating the clinical manifestations as opposed to treating the underlying cause. Specifically, the clinician strives to avoid overwhelming the remaining metabolic capacities of the damaged liver while providing sufficient nutrients for regeneration. A brief overview of liver diseases and associated clinical signs encountered in the dog and cat and a review of specific nutrients are discussed as well as amounts and sources of nutrients recommended to meet nutritional goals in the diseased liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine E. Lenox
- From Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX
- C. Lenox's present affiliation is Royal Canin USA, St. Charles, MO
| | - Paul Manino
- From Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Farcas AK, Larsen JA, Owens TJ, Nelson RW, Kass PH, Fascetti AJ. Evaluation of total dietary fiber concentration and composition of commercial diets used for management of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dietary fat-responsive disease in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 247:501-7. [PMID: 26295555 DOI: 10.2460/javma.247.5.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine total dietary fiber (TDF) concentration and composition of commercial diets used for management of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dietary fat-responsive disease in dogs. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE Dry (n = 11) and canned (8) canine therapeutic diets. PROCEDURES Insoluble and soluble dietary fiber (IDF and SDF), high-molecular-weight SDF (HMWSDF), and low-molecular-weight SDF (LMWSDF) concentrations were determined. Variables were compared among diets categorized by product guide indication, formulation (dry vs canned), and regulatory criteria for light and low-fat diets. RESULTS SDF (HMWSDF and LMWSDF) comprised a median of 30.4% (range, 9.4% to 53.7%) of TDF; LMWSDF contributed a median of 11.5% (range, 2.7% to 33.8%) of TDF. Diets for diabetes management had higher concentrations of IDF and TDF with lower proportions of SDF and LMWSDF contributing to TDF, compared with diets for treatment of fat-responsive disease. Fiber concentrations varied within diet categories and between canned and dry versions of the same diet (same name and manufacturer) for all pairs evaluated. Diets classified as light contained higher TDF and IDF concentrations than did non-light diets. All canned diets were classified as low fat, despite providing up to 38% of calories as fat. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diets provided a range of TDF concentrations and compositions; veterinarians should request TDF data from manufacturers, if not otherwise available. Consistent responses to dry and canned versions of the same diet cannot necessarily be expected, and diets with the same indications may not perform similarly. Many diets may not provide adequate fat restriction for treatment of dietary fat-responsive disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Molina J, Martorell J, Hervera M, Pérez-Accino J, Fragua V, Villaverde C. Preliminary study: fibre content in pet rabbit diets, crude fibre versus total dietary fibre. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99 Suppl S1:23-8. [PMID: 25865419 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Molina
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - J. Martorell
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - M. Hervera
- Unité de nutrition et endocrinologie Oniris. La Chantrerie; Nantes France
| | - J. Pérez-Accino
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - V. Fragua
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - C. Villaverde
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Owens TJ, Larsen JA, Farcas AK, Nelson RW, Kass PH, Fascetti AJ. Total dietary fiber composition of diets used for management of obesity and diabetes mellitus in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 245:99-105. [PMID: 24941393 DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine total dietary fiber (TDF) composition of feline diets used for management of obesity and diabetes mellitus. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE Dry veterinary (n = 10), canned veterinary (12), and canned over-the-counter (3) feline diets. PROCEDURES Percentage of TDF as insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), high-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (HMWSDF), and low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (LMWSDF) was determined. RESULTS Median measured TDF concentration was greater than reported maximum crude fiber content in dry and canned diets. Median TDF (dry-matter) concentration in dry and canned diets was 12.2% (range, 8.11% to 27.16%) and 13.8% (range, 4.7% to 27.9%), respectively. Dry and canned diets, and diets with and without a source of oligosaccharides in the ingredient list, were not different in energy density or concentrations of TDF, IDF, HMWSDF, or LMWSDF. Similarly, loaf-type (n = 11) and gravy-type (4) canned diets differed only in LMWSDF concentration. Disparities in TDF concentrations among products existed despite a lack of differences among groups. Limited differences in TDF concentration and dietary fiber composition were detected when diets were compared on the basis of carbohydrate concentration. Diets labeled for management of obesity were higher in TDF concentration and lower in energy density than diets for management of diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diets provided a range of TDF concentrations with variable concentrations of IDF, HMWSDF, and LMWSDF. Crude fiber concentration was not a reliable indicator of TDF concentration or dietary fiber composition. Because carbohydrate content is calculated as a difference, results suggested that use of crude fiber content would cause overestimation of both carbohydrate and energy content of diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy J Owens
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|