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Sanz-Gonzalez I, Aitken J, Pedro B, Martin M, Martinez Pereira Y, Dukes-McEwan J, Bode EF, Culshaw GJ. Clinical presentation, management, and survival in dogs with persistent atrial standstill in the United Kingdom. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:179-187. [PMID: 38150959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical and echocardiographic presentation of dogs with persistent atrial standstill (PAS), identify variables measured at first presentation that could predict their survival, and document the progression of the disease after pacing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study of medical records of dogs diagnosed with PAS at three referral hospitals of the United Kingdom over seven years. RESULTS Twenty-six dogs were diagnosed with PAS during the study period. Median age of the population was three years (range: 7 months-12.5 years). The most common clinical sign was syncope (14/26). Twenty-four dogs received artificial pacemakers (PM). Major complications after PM implantation were observed in four dogs (4/24). Serial echocardiographic examinations showed that cardiac dimensions of PAS dogs with left atrial or left ventricular dilation at first presentation did not return to reference range after pacing. Further dilation of the cardiac chambers, recurrence of congestive heart failure (CHF), or development of new episodes of CHF were documented in 7, 4, and 10 PAS dogs, respectively, despite pacing. Median survival time for cardiac-related deaths after PM implantation was 1512 days (18-3207). Neither CHF nor echocardiographic variables at presentation predicted survival after PM implantation in PAS dogs. CONCLUSIONS PAS is an uncommon bradyarrhythmia, occurring in young adult dogs. Affected dogs were often presented with syncope. Whilst syncope resolved, cardiac remodeling persisted after PM implantation. Long-term survival was favorable after PM implantation and was not predicted by congestive status or cardiac chamber size at first presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sanz-Gonzalez
- Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - J Aitken
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Building 400, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - B Pedro
- Centro de Cardiologia Veterinaria do Porto, Rua Artur Maia Mendes 93, 4250-068, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Martin
- Veterinary Cardiology Consultancy, Kenilworth, CV8 2AA, United Kingdom
| | - Y Martinez Pereira
- Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Dukes-McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - E F Bode
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom; ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists, Telford Court, Gates Lane, Chester, Cheshire, CH1 6LT, United Kingdom
| | - G J Culshaw
- Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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