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Gil-Vicente L, Martín G, Soler C, Vila A, Saiz MR, Navarro PF. Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of the Long-Term Effects of Omeprazole on Healthy Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1168. [PMID: 38672316 PMCID: PMC11047556 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of omeprazole as a preventive treatment for gastrointestinal ulcers in veterinary medicine has been questioned during previous years. The aim of the present study is to assess the long-term effect of omeprazole on cobalamin and serum gastrin levels in healthy dogs. Eighteen healthy dogs were included: 10 in the control group and 8 in the omeprazole group. Three samples were collected: before starting the treatment (T0), 30 days after the start of treatment (T1), and at 60 days (T2). The mean cobalamin value (ng/L) in the control group was 481.4 (±293.70) at T0, 481.4 (±170.21) at T1, and 513.2 (±174.50) at T2. In the omeprazole group, the values were 424.62 (±161.57) at T0, 454.5 (±160.96) at T1, and 414.87 (±127.90) at T2. No statistically significant changes were detected in cobalamin levels between the three-time period in both study groups. These results agree with previous findings in felines but contrast with human medicine studies. The median gastrin values (pg/mL) in the control group were 62.45 [30.17-218.75] at T0, 76.06 [30.67-199.87] at T1, and 63.02 [35.81-176.06] at T2. The median gastrin value in the omeprazole group was 67.59 [55.96-101.60] at T0, 191.77 [75.31-1901.77] at T1, and 128.16 [43.62-1066.46] at T2. Statistically significant differences were detected (p = 0.008), indicating an increase in gastrin levels after initiating treatment with omeprazole. In conclusion, the increased levels of gastrin observed in this population underscore the importance of conducting a comprehensive clinical assessment to identify potential gastrointestinal disorders, particularly in consideration of the usage of omeprazole as a preventive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gil-Vicente
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (L.G.-V.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (M.R.S.)
- Hospital Veterinario UCV, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Martín
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (L.G.-V.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Carme Soler
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (L.G.-V.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (M.R.S.)
- Hospital Veterinario UCV, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Vila
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (L.G.-V.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (M.R.S.)
- Hospital Veterinario UCV, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Rocío Saiz
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (L.G.-V.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (M.R.S.)
- Hospital Veterinario UCV, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula F. Navarro
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (L.G.-V.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (A.V.); (M.R.S.)
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Liu X, Tao Q, Shen Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Ma N, Li J. Aspirin eugenol ester ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1220780. [PMID: 37705535 PMCID: PMC10495573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1220780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammation is a defensive response of the body and the pathological basis of many diseases. However, excessive inflammation and chronic inflammation impair the homeostasis of the organism. Arachidonic acid (AA) has a close relationship with inflammation and is the main mediator of the pro-inflammatory response. Based on the prodrug principle, the new pharmaceutical compound aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) was designed and synthesized. However, the effects of AEE on key enzymes, metabolites and inflammatory signaling pathways in the AA metabolic network have not been reported. Methods: In this study, the anti-inflammation effects of AEE were first investigated in mice and RAW264.7 cells in LPS induced inflammation model. Then, the changes of the key enzymes and AA metabolites were explored by RT-PCR and targeted metabolomics. Moreover, the regulatory effects on NF-kB and MAPKS signaling pathways were explored by Western Blotting. Results: Results indicated that AEE significantly reduced the number of leukocyte and increased the lymphocyte percentage. AEE decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α both in vivo and in vitro. In the liver of mice, AEE downregulated the levels of AA, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and upregulated 12- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). However, the changes of PGE2, PGF2α, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-KETO-PGF1α), 9-hydroxy-octadecenoic acid (9- HODE), 13-HODE, 15-HETE, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were not significant. Additionally, it was found that AEE decreased the relative mRNA expression levels of p65 and p38 and the ratio of p-p65/p65. Discussion: It was concluded that AEE might inhibit the LPS-induced inflammatory response through the regulation of AA metabolism. This study provides the theoretical foundation for the development of AEE as a medicinal anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Tao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Youming Shen
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Xingcheng), Research Institute of Pomology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiwang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Odunayo A, Galyon G, Price J, Hecht S, Tolbert MK. Evaluation of a long-acting injectable formulation of omeprazole in healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1416-1421. [PMID: 35546514 PMCID: PMC9308438 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of a single intramuscular adminsitration of long-acting omeprazole (LA-OMEP) in increasing gastric pH in dogs. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that LA-OMEP would meet in healthy dogs the clinical goals defined for human patients for treatment of gastroduodenal ulceration. ANIMALS Nine healthy research dogs. METHODS Prospective experimental study. Dogs were given a 4 mg/kg intramuscular injection of LA-OMEP. Intragastric pH was continuously recorded on treatment days 0 to 7. Daily mean pH and mean percentage time (MPT) intragastric pH was ≥3 or ≥4 were determined. RESULTS The mean onset of action for the LA-OMEP was 98.11 min (SD 46.39). The mean number of days the dogs' pH met established goals for MPT pH ≥3 was 5.5 days (range, 3-7) and 5.25 days for MPT pH ≥4 (range, 3-7). Long-acting omeprazole met the human clinical goals pH ≥3 for 72 hours in 8/8 of the dogs and MPT pH ≥4 for 96 hours in 7/8 of dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The LA-OMEP formulation produced gastric acid suppression in healthy dogs for an average of 5 days and up to 7 days, after a single intramuscular injection. No major adverse effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola Odunayo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gina Galyon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua Price
- Office of Information and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Katherine Tolbert
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Marks SL, Kook PH, Papich MG, Tolbert MK, Willard MD. ACVIM consensus statement: Support for rational administration of gastrointestinal protectants to dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1823-1840. [PMID: 30378711 PMCID: PMC6271318 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal barrier is continuously exposed to noxious toxins, reactive oxygen species, microbes, and drugs, leading to the development of inflammatory, erosive, and ultimately ulcerative lesions. This report offers a consensus opinion on the rational administration of GI protectants to dogs and cats, with an emphasis on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine type-2 receptor antagonists (H2 RAs), misoprostol, and sucralfate. These medications decrease gastric acidity or promote mucosal protective mechanisms, transforming the management of dyspepsia, peptic ulceration, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In contrast to guidelines that have been established in people for the optimal treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease, effective clinical dosages of antisecretory drugs have not been well established in the dog and cat to date. Similar to the situation in human medicine, practice of inappropriate prescription of acid suppressants is also commonplace in veterinary medicine. This report challenges the dogma and clinical practice of administering GI protectants for the routine management of gastritis, pancreatitis, hepatic disease, and renal disease in dogs and cats lacking additional risk factors for ulceration or concerns for GI bleeding. Judicious use of acid suppressants is warranted considering recent studies that have documented adverse effects of long-term supplementation of PPIs in people and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley L. Marks
- Department of Medicine & EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Peter H. Kook
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mark G. Papich
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State University, College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - M. K. Tolbert
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexas
| | - Michael D. Willard
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexas
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