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Lai YY, Horta RDS, Almendros A, Ha PWY, Giuliano A. L-LOP/LOPP for the treatment of canine gastrointestinal/hepatosplenic lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1373180. [PMID: 38846784 PMCID: PMC11153818 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1373180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatosplenic (HS) high-grade (large cell) lymphomas are uncommon forms of canine lymphomas, with a very poor response to chemotherapy and a very poor prognosis. Currently, there are no established effective chemotherapy protocols for canine GI/HS lymphomas. This case series aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of lomustine-based protocols L-LOP (L-asparaginase, lomustine, vincristine, and prednisolone) and L-LOPP (with the addition of procarbazine) for treatment of canine GI/HS lymphomas. Medical records of dogs with cytologically or histologically diagnosed lymphoma at CityU Veterinary Medical Centre from 2019 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The L-LOP/LOPP treatment protocol was well tolerated with rare severe adverse events. Median progression-free survival for GI and HS lymphoma was 56 days (range, 10-274 days) and 57 days (range 8-135 days) respectively; while median survival time for GI and HS lymphoma was 93 days (range 10-325 days) and 210 days (range 8-240 days) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ying Lai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rodrigo dos Santos Horta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angel Almendros
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CityU Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick W. Y. Ha
- CityU Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CityU Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Lee CH, Wang SL. Oral mirtazapine decreases the gastrointestinal adverse effects in cats on doxorubicin chemotherapy. Vet J 2024; 304:106087. [PMID: 38395251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia, depression, and vomiting are the common adverse effects of chemotherapy in humans and animals. Mirtazapine is primarily used as an appetite stimulant and antiemetic in dogs and cats. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of mirtazapine in reducing the gastrointestinal adverse effects in cats receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy. This single-masked, placebo-controlled crossover study enrolled 11 cats with malignant mammary gland tumors. The cats were randomly assigned to receive either mirtazapine (1.88 mg/cat) or placebo every 48 h for 2 weeks from the first initiation of doxorubicin chemotherapy. Each cat was then crossed over to the alternate group on the subsequent chemotherapy with a 1-week wash-out period. The owners were asked to record appetite score, activity score, episodes of vomiting and diarrhea for 2 weeks after each doxorubicin administration. Cats treated with mirtazapine showed significantly increased bodyweight compared with those on placebo (P = 0.010). The appetite and activity scores during mirtazapine treatment was significantly higher than those during placebo treatment (P = 0.005 and 0.018, respectively). Furthermore, the prevalence of episodes of vomiting during mirtazapine treatment was significantly lower than that during placebo treatment (P = 0.026). Our results demonstrate that mirtazapine can significantly increase bodyweight, appetite, and activity and reduce vomiting in cats after doxorubicin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S L Wang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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3
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Hayes A, Hughes K, Hare C, Peschard L, Lara AS, Schiavo L, Dobson J. T-cell lymphoma involving the rectum of a dog. J Comp Pathol 2023; 207:87-90. [PMID: 37995445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A mediastinal mass was diagnosed in a 7-year-4-month-old neutered female mixed breed dog following a 3-week history of lethargy, hyporexia and pyrexia. Bi-cavitary imaging, needle aspirate cytology and flow cytometry confirmed WHO clinical stage IVb, intermediate to large T-cell lymphoma involving the mediastinum, liver and spleen. The dog initially responded to a multidrug chemotherapy protocol but clinical deterioration occurred 3 months later. The dog presented with anorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea, associated with marked faecal tenesmus and haematochezia, initially believed by the primary care practitioner to be related to chemotherapy toxicity. However, rectal examination revealed multiple sessile and pedunculated masses. Further diagnostic imaging, cytology and flow cytometry confirmed progressive disease, including T-cell lymphoma of the rectum. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed an infiltrate of intermediate-sized CD3-positive neoplastic cells that expanded the rectal mucosa. Rectal lymphoma is uncommon in dogs and previous cases have been B cell in origin. In this report we describe the clinical presentation and macro- and microscopic findings of a case of canine T-cell lymphoma involving the rectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hayes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Cassia Hare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Lorraine Peschard
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Armando S Lara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Luca Schiavo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Jane Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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Bennett P, Williamson P, Taylor R. Review of Canine Lymphoma Treated with Chemotherapy-Outcomes and Prognostic Factors. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050342. [PMID: 37235425 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
While canine lymphoma is a relatively common and important disease seen by veterinarians, there are limited comprehensive reviews of the literature regarding the remission and survival times following chemotherapy, and the associated prognostic factors. This comprehensive thematic review covers the available veterinary literature covering treatment outcomes and identified prognostic factors. A lack of standardised approaches to evaluate and report the outcomes was identified, including factors that would alter the duration of responses by weeks, or occasionally months. After publication of the suggested reporting criteria, this has improved but is still not uniformly applied. The prognostic factors included for evaluation varied from as few as three to seventeen, with over 50 studies using only univariate analysis. Individual papers reported much longer outcomes than others, but assessing the outcomes overall, there has been minimal change over the last 40 years. This supports the belief that novel approaches for lymphoma therapy will be required to substantively improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bennett
- The Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- The Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rosanne Taylor
- The Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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Ohmi A, Tanaka M, Rinno J, Tsuboi M, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Goto-Koshino Y, Tomiyasu H, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Mott cell lymphoma in nine miniature dachshunds. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:609-617. [PMID: 36401603 PMCID: PMC10029887 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphoma with Mott cell change, or Mott cell lymphoma (MCL), is an uncommon variant of canine lymphoma. Because of its rare occurrence, there has been no comprehensive study describing the disease so far. Miniature dachshunds, a popular breed in Japan, sometimes experience MCL. OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of MCL in miniature dachshunds. METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify miniature dachshunds diagnosed with MCL and other types of lymphoma. Data on clinical and laboratory findings, treatments and outcomes were collected. Survival times were compared between miniature dachshunds with MCL and other types of lymphoma. RESULTS Of the 87 miniature dachshunds diagnosed with lymphoma, 9 (10%) had cytological characteristics of MCL. All 9 miniature dachshunds with MCL were categorised as having alimentary lymphoma (small and/or large intestine, 6 dogs; mesenteric lymph node, 3 dogs). The median age was 3.1 years (range, 2.0-9.4 years). All nine dogs were treated with chemotherapeutic protocols used for large cell lymphoma or alkylating agents such as melphalan or chlorambucil. The overall response rate to initial chemotherapy was 78%, and the median progression-free survival was 105 days. Overall survival in these nine dogs ranged from 6 to >1513 days (median, 240 days), which was significantly longer than in 29 miniature dachshunds with alimentary large cell lymphoma other than MCL (median, 57 days; p = 0.0491). CONCLUSIONS MCL in miniature dachshunds can be recognised as a peculiar type of B-cell lymphoma occurring in relatively young dogs as an alimentary form and has a longer survival compared with typical alimentary large cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ohmi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Rinno
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Yamazaki H, Tanaka T, Nishida H, Hatoya S, Akiyoshi H. Hypoxia-targeting therapy for intestinal T-cell lymphoma in dogs: Preclinical study using 3D in vitro models. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:12-19. [PMID: 36054173 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is activated in response to oxygen deficiency, and is expressed in several cancers under intratumoral hypoxic stress that arises during pathogenic processes. Hypoxic stimulation enhanced the growth potential of canine lymphoma cells by activating the HIF-1α signalling pathway in a previously reported study. The aim of this study was to establish a molecular design strategy for a novel hypoxia-targeting therapy for intestinal T-cell lymphoma (ITL) in dogs. We assessed the relationship between immunohistochemistry-based HIF-1α expression and clinical information, including signalment, tumour area, clinical signs, systemic diseases, treatment protocol, follow-up information, chemotherapy response and overall survivals (OS), using 48 tissue samples from dogs with ITL. We investigated the effects of hypoxic stimulation on the biological behaviour of cell lines from three different types of canine ITL. We assessed the effects of evofosfamide (Evo; hypoxia-activated prodrug) on cell lines cultured under hypoxic conditions. Our data showed that treatment response and overall survival might be significantly decreased in dogs with higher HIF-1α expression than in those with lower HIF-1α expression. Hypoxic culture (1% O2 , 72 h) enhanced the invasiveness of cell lines and decreased their sensitivity to CCNU, resulting in hypoxia-dependent aggressive behaviour. Sensitivity to Evo significantly increased in cell lines cultured under hypoxia compared with those cultured under normoxia, which exhibited hypoxia-dependent apoptosis. Additionally, Evo downregulated HIF-1α expression in cell lines cultured under hypoxia, suggesting that Evo might inhibit cell growth by inactivating HIF-1α-dependent cell signalling. Our results revealed the preclinical antitumor activity of Evo and provide a rationale for treatment strategies for dogs with ITL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Companion Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Laboratory of Cell Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Yamazaki H, Tanaka T, Nishida H, Hatoya S, Akiyoshi H. Assessment of hypoxia-targeting therapy for gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs: Preclinical test using murine models. Res Vet Sci 2023; 154:22-28. [PMID: 36403333 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is expressed in several cancers under intratumoral hypoxic stress that arises during pathogenic processes, resulting in malignant progression. We previously reported that hypoxic stimulation enhances the growth potential of canine lymphoma cells by activating the HIF-1α signaling pathway. In contrast, evofosfamide (Evo) releases a DNA-alkylating moiety within hypoxic tumor regions, suggesting that Evo could serve as a hypoxia-targeting drug in canine lymphoma. This study aimed to use Evo to evaluate hypoxia-targeted therapy in dogs with gastrointestinal lymphoma (GIL) and investigate how Evo affects antitumor efficacy and adverse events in three type of murine xenograft models using T-cell GIL cells. In vitro tests, the sensitivity to Evo of three T-cell GIL cell lines under hypoxic culture was significantly higher than that under normoxic culture. Our metabolic analysis suggested that the three murine models might have high reproducibility as clinical cases in canine GIL. Our data showed that Evo showed significantly higher tumor growth potential and fewer adverse events in three type of murine models compared to lomustine; CeeNu (CCNU). Additionally, Evo suppressed the expression of HIF-1α protein in tumor tissues, suggesting that it may preferentially target and inhibit tumor cells in a hypoxic region. The evidence presented here supports the favorable preclinical evaluation that Evo may be effective for GIL in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Companion Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582-1 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Laboratory of Cell Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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8
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Valente PCLG, Peleteiro MC, Carvalho S, Leal RO, Pomba C, Duarte A, Correia J. Co-Expression of T- and B-Cell Markers in a Canine Intestinal Lymphoma: A Case Report. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243531. [PMID: 36552451 PMCID: PMC9774803 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old female neutered Labrador retriever was presented for a second opinion consultation due to vomiting and lethargy, having failed to respond to symptomatic therapy. Blood analysis revealed hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia, associated with hypocobalaminemia. An abdominal ultrasound identified diffused bowel thickening and hypoechoic hepatomegaly. An ultrasound-guided liver fine-needle aspiration was performed for cytology and also for cell block immunocytochemistry. Gastric and duodenal biopsies were collected by gastroduodenoscopy. Liver cytology showed numerous lymphocytes, suggesting lymphoma at the hepatic infiltration stage, and immunocytochemistry in the cell block of the hepatic aspirate indicated co-expression of CD3 and CD20 in the lymphoid cells present. The histopathology of gastric and duodenal biopsies supported the hypothesis of gastrointestinal lymphoma due to heavy lymphoid infiltration of the gastric epithelium and intestinal mucosa, including the villi. Concurrent immunohistochemistry was performed using CD3, CD20, PAX5, and CD79αcy antibodies. Immunomarking was positive for CD3 and CD20, which overlapped populations of lymphoid cells, and was negative for all other antibodies. In the clonality test, lymphocyte co-expression of CD3 and CD20 was confirmed by monoclonal rearrangement of T-cell gamma receptors. The final diagnosis was type 2 enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma with hepatic infiltration. Co-expression was examined in conjunction with the PARR result in the presence of T-cell monoclonal rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Cristina Lopes Gurgel Valente
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Conceição Peleteiro
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Oliveira Leal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Duarte
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Ivasovic F, Ruetten M, Kook P. Prevalence of inflammatory versus neoplastic lesions in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal signs undergoing gastroduodenoscopy: 195 cases (2007–2015). Res Vet Sci 2022; 146:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Rimpo K, Hirabayashi M, Tanaka A. Lymphoma in Miniature Dachshunds: A retrospective multicenter study of 108 cases (2006-2018) in Japan. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1390-1397. [PMID: 35621114 PMCID: PMC9308406 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Miniature Dachshunds (MD) are predisposed to lymphoma with disease onset of young age and long‐term survival. Objectives To compare clinical features and survival time of lymphoma in MD and non‐MD. Animals One hundred and eight MDs with lymphoma and 149 non‐MD breed dogs with lymphoma were included in the study. Methods This was a retrospective multicenter observational study. Lymphoma was classified based on signalment, histopathology/cytology, and anatomical site of the disease. For each type of lymphoma, median survival time was analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier estimates and life table analysis. Prognostic factors for large‐cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (LGIL) were analyzed using Cox regression. Results Gastrointestinal lymphomas were more common in MDs (53/108) compared to non‐MDs (41/149). The multicentric lymphoma was most common in non‐MD breed dogs (74/149) compared to MDs (33/108). The median age that dog developed lymphoma in MD and non‐MD were both 10 years old; however, lymphomas were more frequently observed in younger dogs (<4 years) in MDs (20/108) compared to non‐MDs (9/149; P = .002). Seventy percent were diagnosed with B‐cell with median age of diagnosis was 3 (1‐14) years. Mott cell differentiation was observed in 6 dogs. Age <4 years and B‐cell phenotype were significant factors for longer survival time in MD with LGIL. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Lymphomas in MDs involved gastrointestinal lesions at higher frequency compared to other dog breeds examined. B‐cell lymphoma was more common in early‐onset LGIL in MD and cases that involved Mott cell differentiation were observed. Awareness of this specific presentation of lymphoma in dogs will possibly affect the treatment decision process for the owners of MD with LGIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Rimpo
- Saitama Animal Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Aki Tanaka
- Nippon Veterinary Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Wolfesberger B, Burger S, Kummer S, Walter I, Tichy A, Klinger S, Alton K, Burgener IA, Liehmann L, Hammer SE, Rütgen BC, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A. Proliferation Activity in Canine Gastrointestinal Lymphoma. J Comp Pathol 2021; 189:77-87. [PMID: 34886989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal lymphomas are uncommon in dogs and little is known about their distinct subtypes or proliferation rate. The aim of this study was to stratify 33 canine gastrointestinal lymphoma samples according to the latest World Health Organization classification and to determine the Ki67 proliferation index by manual counting, digital image analysis and visual estimation. The Ki67 index was then correlated with subtype, immunophenotype, mitotic index, grade and tumour location. The mitotic index correlated positively with the Ki67 index. A significantly higher number of Ki67-positive cells was found in enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma type I and in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma compared with enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma type II. There was also a significant difference in Ki67 immunolabelled cells between grade 1 and grade 2 lymphomas. Moderate agreement was found between the Ki67 index as obtained by manual counting and visual estimation, but there was strong agreement between manual counting and digital image analysis. The user-friendly digital imaging system used in this study could have potential for future determination of the Ki67 index in lymphoid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitt Wolfesberger
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefanie Burger
- VetCORE-Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kummer
- VetCORE-Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetCORE-Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Klinger
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Alton
- Practice for Veterinary Pathology, Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Iwan A Burgener
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea Liehmann
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine E Hammer
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
| | - Barbara C Rütgen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
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12
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Marrinhas C, Oliveira LF, Sampaio F, Moreira R, Canadas-Sousa A, Pereira A, Santos M, Marcos R. Needle rinse cell blocks as an ancillary technique: Diagnostic and clinical utility in gastrointestinal neoplasia. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50 Suppl 1:47-54. [PMID: 34642969 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspirate (FNA) cytology is often the first-choice method for diagnosing gastrointestinal nodular lesions. The FNA material can be converted to histopathology specimens by a needle rinse cell block (NRCB) technique, allowing ancillary studies to refine the cytologic diagnosis. Despite use in human pathology, NRCB has never been applied to canine or feline gastrointestinal neoplasia. OBJECTIVE This study described NRCB methodology and its diagnostic utility in specific cases of neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions. METHODS Needle rinses with saline were performed after ultrasound-guided FNAs of two intestinal lymphomas (canine and feline) and a canine gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The NRCB was prepared using the cell tube block technique and processed for paraffin embedding. Routine immunohistochemistry protocols (using CD3, PAX-5, and Ki-67 for lymphoma cases and vimentin, desmin, S-100, and KIT markers for GIST) were applied to NRCB sections, and the results were compared with matched tissue biopsies. RESULTS NRCBs with adequate cell numbers, preservation, and good separation of blood were obtained. The diagnosis and immunophenotyping were confirmed in both cases of lymphoma in NRCBs. In the GIST, the immunolabeling of the neoplastic cells in NRCB was completely concordant with the tissue biopsy. CONCLUSIONS The described methodology is suitable for veterinary settings, having few technical requirements and low invasiveness. The presented cases of gastrointestinal neoplasia highlight the utility of NRCBs as a platform to conduct ancillary studies and refine the cytologic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marrinhas
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Hospital do Baixo Vouga, OneVet Group, Águeda, Portugal
| | - Luísa F Oliveira
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Anicura CHV Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Sampaio
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INNO, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Marta Santos
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marcos
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Vitale V. Inflammatory bowel diseases in horses: What do we know? EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Vitale
- Department of Veterinary Sciences Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato” University of Pisa San Piero a Grado (PI) Italy
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14
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Yamazaki H, Sasai H, Tanaka M, Tanaka T, Nishida H, Noguchi S, Kuwamura M, Akiyoshi H. Assessment of biomarkers influencing treatment success on small intestinal lymphoma in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:123-131. [PMID: 32920923 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine a reliable therapeutic biomarker for localized small intestinal lymphoma (SIL) in dogs based on clinical and histopathological features. We retrospectively investigated 84 dogs with localized SIL, including 36 dogs receiving surgery and 48 dogs receiving chemotherapy. The dogs receiving surgery were divided into two subgroups: 18 dogs (group 1) with overall survival (OS) <120 days (median OS) and 18 dogs (group 2) with OS ≥120 days. Correspondingly, the dogs receiving chemotherapy were divided into 24 dogs (group 3) with OS <98 days (median OS) and 24 dogs (group 4) with OS ≥98 days. Clinical, haematological, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were comparatively evaluated among the four subgroups. There was no significant difference in OS between the surgery and chemotherapy groups. In dogs receiving surgery, the rate of Ki67-positive cells was significantly increased in group 1 compared to group 2 and showed no significant difference between groups 3 and 4. In dogs receiving chemotherapy, the rate of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 4 and showed no significant difference between groups 1 and 2. Additionally, our data showed that OS in dogs with higher Ki67 expression might be significantly increased by chemotherapy than by surgery, that of those with higher MGMT expression might be significantly increased by surgery than by chemotherapy, and Ki67 and MGMT were independent of each other. Indices of Ki67 and MGMT are suggested therapeutic biomarkers to determine the optimal first-line treatment for localized SIL in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Life, Environmental and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Life, Environmental and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Life, Environmental and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Life, Environmental and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Life, Environmental and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Life, Environmental and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Ohta H, Yamazaki J, Jelinek J, Ishizaki T, Kagawa Y, Yokoyama N, Nagata N, Sasaki N, Takiguchi M. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in canine gastrointestinal lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:632-638. [PMID: 32213750 PMCID: PMC7273592 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is the covalent modification of methyl groups to DNA mostly at CpG dinucleotides and one of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms that leads to gene expression variability
without affecting the DNA sequence. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation identified the signatures that could define subtypes of human lymphoma patients. The objective of this study was
to conduct the genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in dogs with gastrointestinal lymphoma (GIL). Genomic DNA was extracted from endoscopic biopsies from 10 dogs with GIL. We performed
Digital Restriction Enzyme Assay of DNA Methylation (DREAM) for genome-wide DNA methylation analysis that could provide highly quantitative information on DNA methylation levels of CpG sites
across the dog genome. We successfully obtained data of quantitative DNA methylation level for 148,601–162,364 CpG sites per GIL sample. Next, we analyzed 83,132 CpG sites to dissect the
differences in DNA methylation between GIL and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found 383–3,054 CpG sites that were hypermethylated in GIL cases compared to PBMCs.
Interestingly, 773 CpG sites including promoter regions of 61 genes were identified to be commonly hypermethylated in more than half of the cases, suggesting conserved DNA methylation
patterns that are abnormal in GIL. This study revealed that there was a large number of hypermethylated sites that are common in most of canine GIL. These abnormal DNA methylation could be
involved in tumorigenesis of the canine GIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yamazaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jaroslav Jelinek
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, 403 Haddon Ave, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Teita Ishizaki
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,North Lab, Hokkaido, Hondori 2-chome, Kita 8-35, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kagawa
- North Lab, Hokkaido, Hondori 2-chome, Kita 8-35, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Abstract
Appetite influences perceived quality of life for a dog or cat with cancer. Inappetence often is multifactorial, complicating treatment. Cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome is a metabolic, paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by decreased food intake, involuntary weight loss, and loss of fat and muscle. If weight loss/cachexia has an impact on canine and feline cancer patients as in humans, management may improve survival times and quality of life. The challenge is having effective, proved therapies available for clinical use. Recent Food and Drug Administration approvals for appetite stimulation have renewed interest and discussion and has the potential to alter the course of case management.
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