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Giugliano R, Musolino N, Ciccotelli V, Ferraris C, Savio V, Vivaldi B, Ercolini C, Bianchi DM, Decastelli L. Soy, Rice and Oat Drinks: Investigating Chemical and Biological Safety in Plant-Based Milk Alternatives. Nutrients 2023; 15:2258. [PMID: 37242141 PMCID: PMC10221834 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, plant-based milk has become very appreciated by consumers, becoming a staple ingredient, especially for alternative breakfasts. Milk contains lactose, which is a sugar hydrolysed by the lactase enzyme. Lactose intolerance and lactose malabsorption are very common food intolerances among individuals. However, a lot of consumers consider themselves as lactose intolerant on the basis of self-reported intolerance and start to avoid dairy products, ignoring that plant-based milk alternatives are not nutritionally comparable to animal milk, especially in terms of protein intake. The aim of this study is to grow folder knowledge of the security of plant-based drinks, helping competent authorities to issue a risk assessment and to apply national plans about consumer safety. Results show that proper sanitary practices, such as pasteurization, are necessary in plant-based milk alternatives as well as in dairy milk. Chemical analysis has highlighted that there are no pesticide risks for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giugliano
- National Reference Laboratory of Pesticides in Cereals and Feed (NRL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Noemi Musolino
- National Reference Centre for the Detection of Substances and Products Causing Allergies or Intolerances in Food (CReNaRiA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciccotelli
- National Reference Laboratory of Pesticides in Cereals and Feed (NRL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carla Ferraris
- National Reference Centre for the Detection of Substances and Products Causing Allergies or Intolerances in Food (CReNaRiA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Savio
- National Reference Laboratory of Pesticides in Cereals and Feed (NRL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Vivaldi
- National Reference Laboratory of Pesticides in Cereals and Feed (NRL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Ercolini
- National Reference Laboratory of Pesticides in Cereals and Feed (NRL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Manila Bianchi
- National Reference Centre for the Detection of Substances and Products Causing Allergies or Intolerances in Food (CReNaRiA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- National Reference Centre for the Detection of Substances and Products Causing Allergies or Intolerances in Food (CReNaRiA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
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Guerrini A, Morandi B, Roncada P, Brambilla G, Dini FM, Galuppi R. Evaluation of the Acaricidal Effectiveness of Fipronil and Phoxim in Field Populations of Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) from Ornamental Poultry Farms in Italy. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090486. [PMID: 36136703 PMCID: PMC9504075 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae is the most important blood-sucking ectoparasite in egg-laying hen facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of different concentration of authorized (phoxim, ByeMite®, 500 mg/mL) and unauthorized (fipronil, Frontline® 250 mg/100 mL spray) molecules on 14 field isolates of D. gallinae collected from different ornamental poultry farms from different Italian regions. The sensitivity test was performed by contact exposure to four concentrations of each insecticide diluted at 1:5 (10,000-2000-400-80 ppm for phoxim, 500-100-20-4 ppm for fipronil) on a filter paper. The effectiveness of the treatment was significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with the dose of the pesticide used. Considering the mean lethality, phoxim has greater efficacy compared to fipronil (p < 0.001). A great variability of lethality rate was observed with the increase in fipronil dilution; conversely, for phoxim, some outliers were observed, particularly in one farm, suggesting the hypothesis that a certain degree of resistance in the mite population could occur possibly as a consequence of the continual contact with the molecule. This underlines the importance of the use of licensed products administered at correct dosages and the need for alternative molecules to avoid the onset of drug resistance phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Guerrini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Benedetto Morandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Brambilla
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Reparto Malattie Trasmissibili con gli Alimenti, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Dini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Galuppi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Tomaszewski CA, Barreto F, Barnet LS, Jank L, Pizzolato TM. Multi-residue methodology for quantification of antiparasitics in hen eggs by LC-MS/MS: development, validation and application to 348 samples from Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1412-1423. [PMID: 35793340 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2093984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methodology for quantification of 15 antiparasitic drugs and their respective metabolites in laying hen eggs was optimized and validated. The method uses acetonitrile as solvent extraction, sodium chloride for salting-out, low-temperature purification and analysis by LC-MS/MS. A total of 348 egg samples were collected in 11 states of Brazil and 50% of the total samples presented antiparasitic residues, which were albendazole, fipronil, fenbendazole, ivermectin, oxibendazole and mebendazole. A total of 12.4% of the samples were considered non-compliant, and residues quantified in these samples were albendazole, fipronil, and mebendazole. Albendazole was always identified as albendazole sulfone. Only one sample presented fipronil and fipronil sulfone; all others exclusively the sulfone metabolite. Fenbendazole was characterized by the presence of both metabolites: sulfone and sulfoxide. Maximum limits adopted are based on the Normative Instruction 51/2019 of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), but albendazole, fipronil, oxibendazole, ivermectin, and mebendazole do not have their maximum residue level established. In addition, metabolites of albendazole, fipronil and fenbendazole in eggs are not considered in this Instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Tomaszewski
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária - MAPA/LFDA/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barreto
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária - MAPA/LFDA/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Barnet
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária - MAPA/LFDA/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Louise Jank
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária - MAPA/LFDA/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tania Mara Pizzolato
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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4
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Canton L, Signorini M, Canton C, Dominguez P, Farias C, Alvarez L, Lanusse C, Moreno L. Quantitative exposure assessment and risk characterization for fipronil residues in laying hen eggs. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2775-2788. [PMID: 35534087 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poultry production is linked to veterinary drug use to treat diseases. Few ectoparasitic compounds are approved for poultry. Fipronil is a pesticide widely used in agriculture. It is also a drug authorized to control ectoparasites in small animals and, in some countries, in cattle. There has been evidence of fipronil extra-label use in laying hens, mainly to control the red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Fipronil's popularity is due to its high toxicity to invertebrates. It could be metabolized to more toxic metabolites that potentially damage human health. In the present study, we carry out a quantitative exposure assessment and risk characterization for fipronil residues in laying hen eggs for local consumption in five cities of Buenos Aires province in Argentina, namely, Azul, Balcarce, Juarez, Chaves, and Tandil. Consumption surveys and egg sampling were conducted for three summer periods. Eggs were analyzed by UFLC-MS-MS. Fipronil prevalence, residue concentrations, residue stability to cooking methods, egg consumption, among the most important variables were modeled. The results indicated that 20.7% of samples contained fipronil residues. The highest residue was fipronil sulfone metabolite. Fipronil concentrations quantified ranged between 10 and 2510 ppb (median value = 150 ppb). When eggs were cooked, fipronil residues were stable. The exposure assessment and risk characterization revealed that the highest probability of consuming eggs with fipronil residues above the admissible limits was for young adults (20.8%), followed by babies (16.9%), young children (16.4%), children (13.4%), teenagers (10.3%), older adults (9.41%), and adults (8.65%). These results suggest an unacceptable risk associated with egg consumption with fipronil residues for all age groups. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Fipronil is widely used as an extra-label way on laying hens since its use is prohibited in poultry production both in Argentina and in most countries. This molecule has been classified as Class II, a moderately hazardous pesticide because it could damage various human organs. Fipronil residues in eggs could be one of the exposure pathways for consumers. Monitoring residual levels and carrying out the health risk assessment in eggs are thus in an urge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Técnica (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Candela Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Paula Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Cristina Farias
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Laura Moreno
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Argentina
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Arioli F, Negro V, Roncada P, Guerrini A, Villa R, Nobile M, Chiesa L, Panseri S. Presence of fipronil and metabolites in eggs and feathers of ornamental hens from Italian family farms. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Paolini L, Hausser N, Zhang T. Chiral resolution of the insecticide fipronil enantiomers and the simultaneous determination of its major transformation products by high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry. Chirality 2022; 34:473-483. [PMID: 35048416 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method was developed using a chiral column based on amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) for analysis of fipronil (a popular insecticidal nerve agent) and the related transformation products. The optimized method reached the goal of the simultaneous and complete separation of the multiple fiproles in a single run, including the chiral separation of fipronil enantiomers, fipronil metabolites, and photoproducts. The efficacy of such a method was demonstrated by its application in analyzing a series of fipronil samples exposed to sunlight conditions. In general terms, our study provided experimental approaches and an efficient analytical tool for monitoring the environmental fate of fipronil as well as its multitransformation products upon its applications either in agricultural or any other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Paolini
- R&D department, Chiral Technologies Europe, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Hausser
- R&D department, Chiral Technologies Europe, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Tong Zhang
- R&D department, Chiral Technologies Europe, Illkirch Cedex, France
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7
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Park W, Lim W, Song G. Exposure to fipronil induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis in porcine trophectoderm and endometrial epithelium, leading to implantation defects during early pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118234. [PMID: 34582916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil, a phenyl-pyrazole insecticide, has a wide range of uses, from agriculture to veterinary medicine. Due to its large-scale applications, the risk of environmental and occupational exposure and bioaccumulation raises concerns. Moreover, relatively little is known about the intracellular mechanisms of fipronil in trophoblasts and the endometrium involved in implantation. Here, we demonstrated that fipronil reduced the viability of porcine trophectoderm and luminal epithelial cells. Fipronil induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase and apoptotic cell death through DNA fragmentation and inhibition of DNA replication. These reactions were accompanied by homeostatic changes, including mitochondrial depolarization and cytosolic calcium depletion. In addition, we found that exposure to fipronil compromised the migration and implantation ability of pTr and pLE cells. Moreover, alterations in PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK1/2 signal transduction were observed in fipronil-treated pTr and pLE cells. Finally, the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of fipronil were also demonstrated in 3D cell culture conditions. In summary, our results suggest that fipronil impairs implantation potentials in fetal trophectoderm and maternal endometrial cells during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyoung Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Fipronil and Fipronil Sulfone Distribution in Chicken Feathers and Eggs after Oral and Dermal Exposure. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123077. [PMID: 34945631 PMCID: PMC8702044 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the bio-distribution and the persistence of fipronil and its primary metabolite fipronil sulfone after oral and dermal administration by simulating natural farming conditions. Fipronil and fipronil sulfone detection and quantification were performed in different poultry matrices using an LC-MS/MS method coupled with modified QuEChERS extraction. After oral administration, fipronil was detected in feathers at each sampling time, in eggs for 28 days, and in the internal organs at the end of the experiment. After dermal administration, high levels of fipronil were detected in feathers, accounting for 195.85 ± 8.54 mg/kg, which were reduced by a third after 60 days. No traces of fipronil were detected in the eggs or internal organs. In addition, fipronil sulfone showed remarkable residues in all samples in trial 2. The data obtained confirmed that inappropriate use of unauthorized pesticides can lead to severe contamination of entire poultry farms. The contemporary presence of fipronil sulfone in feathers and eggs associated with the lack of fipronil in eggs suggests recent dermal contamination or past oral contamination. Moreover, simultaneous analysis of hens’ feathers and eggs could represent a new method to improve large-scale monitoring programs and animal welfare, limiting their slaughter.
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Awad MA, Ahmed ZSO, AbuBakr HO, Elbargeesy GAEFH, Moussa MHG. Fipronil induced oxidative stress in neural tissue of albino rat with subsequent apoptosis and tissue reactivity. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151764. [PMID: 34352653 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fipronil (FIP) insecticide is extensively used in agriculture, public health and veterinary medicine. Although it is considered as a neurotoxin to insects (target organisms) and exhibits neurological signs upon vertebrates (non-target organisms) exposure, slight is known about its potential neurotoxic effects and its molecular mechanisms on vertebrates. The current study is designed to assess oxidative stress as a molecular mechanism of FIP neurotoxicity subordinated with apoptosis and neural tissue reactivity. Ten adult male albino rats received 10 mg/kg body weight fipronil technical grade by oral gavage daily for 45 days (subacute exposure). Brain neural tissue regions (hippocampus, cerebellum and caudate putamen) were processed to examine oxidative stress induced cellular macromolecular alterations as MDA, PCC and DNA fragmentation. Besides, TNF-α and Bcl-2 gene expression and immunoreactivity for caspase-3 (active form), iNOS and GFAP were evaluated. Also, histopathological assessment was conducted. We found that FIP significantly raised MDA, PCC and DNA fragmentation (p ≤ 0.05). Also, it significantly upregulated TNF-α and non-significantly down-regulated Bcl-2 gene expression (p ≤ 0.05). Further, significant increased immunoreactivity to GFAP, iNOS and caspase-3 (active form) in these brain neural tissue regions in FIP treated group was noticed (p ≤ 0.05). Histopathological findings, including alterations in the histological architecture and neuronal degeneration, were also observed in these brain regions of FIP treated group. In conclusion, we suggest the ability of FIP to induce oxidative stress mediated macromolecular alterations, leading to apoptosis and tissue reaction in these brain regions which showed variable susceptibility to FIP toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Awad
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Zainab Sabry Othman Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | | | - Moukhtar H G Moussa
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Lai HL, Ghosh S, Chattopadhyay S. The detection of fipronil residue in egg on layered gold nanorod-graphene oxide-based 3D SERS substrate. Analyst 2021; 146:3557-3567. [PMID: 33904550 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone, when found in some food products, such as eggs, have caused major public health concerns. In this study, we used gold nanorods (AuNRs) and graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites to fabricate a layer-by-layer assembled three dimensional (3D) substrate for toxin detection by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The 4-layers of GO-AuNR 3D SERS substrate were optimized using rhodamine 6G. The optimized SERS substrate was used to detect fipronil and fipronil sulfone in spiked eggs. The obtained limit of detection was 10-8 M (∼4.4 ppb), which is below the maximum residue limit in Taiwan of 10 ppb. Egg samples spiked with fipronil (10-7 and 10-3 M) and fipronil sulfone (10-8 and 10-4 M) were measured and the maximum departure of the measured SERS intensity from the calibrated SERS intensity was ∼14%. Thus, a facile screening method for the detection of fipronil/fipronil sulfone in food-grade eggs by SERS is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Lin Lai
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, sec-2 Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, 155, sec-2 Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Sandip Ghosh
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, sec-2 Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, 155, sec-2 Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Surojit Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, sec-2 Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan and Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, 155, sec-2 Li Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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11
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Canton L, Canton C, Ceballos L, Domínguez P, Rodríguez J, Lanusse C, Alvarez L, Moreno L. Oral and topical extra-label administration of fipronil to laying hens: Assessment of the egg residue patterns. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:808-819. [PMID: 33763877 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This experimental work reproduces the fipronil extra-label administration performed by producers in laying hens. The scientific goal was to characterize the residual concentrations in eggs from treated hens and suggest the withdrawal periods that should be respected to avoid risk for consumers. Thirty-four laying hens were allocated into two groups: Group A was treated with fipronil in feed, two single doses of 1 mg kg-1 day-1 ; Group B was administered a single dose of 1 mg kg-1 by the topical route. Fipronil egg residues were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. Fipronil and its sulphone metabolite (fipronil-SO2 ) were measured in egg after both treatments. The highest egg residual profile was always for fipronil-SO2 . Mean maximum egg concentrations (Cmax ) of 228.5 ± 79.8 ng/g (fipronil) and 1,849 ± 867 ng/g (fipronil-SO2 ) were found after fipronil administration in feed. The lowest residual levels were quantified after the topical treatment with Cmax of 27.1 ± 4.9 and 163 ± 26 ng/g for fipronil and fipronil-SO2 . Mean fipronil marker residues and established MRLs allowed calculating the withdrawal periods, the shortest being 74 days after topical administration. Such a long withdrawal period is difficult to meet in egg production systems. Thus, the extra-label use of fipronil in laying hens should not be recommended under any circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Candela Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Paula Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Argentina
| | - José Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Laura Moreno
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Argentina
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12
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Wang Y, Li M, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part II: Chicken and turkey. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:423-455. [PMID: 33289178 PMCID: PMC8359335 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are growing in popularity due to human food safety concerns and for estimating drug residue distribution and estimating withdrawal intervals for veterinary products originating from livestock species. This paper focuses on the physiological and anatomical data, including cardiac output, organ weight, and blood flow values, needed for PBPK modeling applications for avian species commonly consumed in the poultry market. Experimental and field studies from 1940 to 2019 for broiler chickens (1-70 days old, 40 g - 3.2 kg), laying hens (4-15 months old, 1.1-2.0 kg), and turkeys (1 day-14 months old, 60 g -12.7 kg) were searched systematically using PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect for data collection in 2019 and 2020. Relevant data were extracted from the literature with mean and standard deviation (SD) being calculated and compiled in tables of relative organ weights (% of body weight) and relative blood flows (% of cardiac output). Trends of organ or tissue weight growth during different life stages were calculated when sufficient data were available. These compiled data sets facilitate future PBPK model development and applications, especially in estimating chemical residue concentrations in edible tissues to calculate food safety withdrawal intervals for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Shin Wang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Lisa A. Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and PathobiologyVirginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Thomas W. Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Jim E. Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
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13
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Li M, Yang C, Yan H, Han Y, Han D. An integrated solid phase extraction with ionic liquid-thiol-graphene oxide as adsorbent for rapid isolation of fipronil residual in chicken eggs. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1631:461568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Kang J, Hossain MA, Park HC, Song JY, Kim YS, Jeong MY, Chung GS, Lee HS, Yoon HJ, Park SW, Lee KJ. Surveillance assessment for veterinary biocidal products in Korea: A laboratory investigation. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:289-296. [PMID: 33107216 PMCID: PMC8025640 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinary biocides used in animal husbandry have the potential to cause human health concerns. Biocidal products for veterinary use, which contain pesticides approved in Korea, comprise 49 active ingredients within 234 products. Within 17 of these products there are 3 ingredients which are highly hazardous pesticides: coumaphos, dichlorvos and methomyl. In this study, the content of the active ingredients of 160 products sold domestically was investigated. Samples were collected for 119 biocidal products for veterinary use. These were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Seventeen products were noncompliant (insufficient or excess quantity of active ingredients). The ingredients that were below the stated concentrations were amitraz, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, cyromazine, dichlorvos, fipronil, muscamone and trichlorfon. The ingredients that exceeded the stated concentrations were abamectin, fluvalinate and pyriproxyfen. The noncompliance rate in biocidal products for veterinary use was 9.19%. The results of this study show that three highly hazardous pesticides (coumaphos, dichlorvos and methomyl) and 10 active ingredients (abamectin, amitraz, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, cyromazine, fipronil, fluvalinate, muscamone, pyriproxyfen and trichlorfon) deviated from the stated concentrations. Thus, management plans should be established to ensure compliant veterinary drugs by post-distribution quality control, such as planning for regular inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeongWoo Kang
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Akil Hossain
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sang Kim
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Jeong
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gab-Soo Chung
- Korea Animal Health Product Association (KAHPA), Bundand, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Lee
- Korea Animal Health Product Association (KAHPA), Bundand, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Yoon
- Korea Animal Health Product Association (KAHPA), Bundand, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Jick Lee
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
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15
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Chang YN, Tsai TH. Preclinical Transplacental Transfer and Pharmacokinetics of Fipronil in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:886-893. [PMID: 32723848 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fipronil, a widely used insecticide and pesticide, with its toxic metabolite fipronil sulfone was detected in fipronil-contaminated eggs as a result of inappropriate use. However, little is known about whether fipronil and fipronil sulfone transfer into fetus through the blood-placenta barrier. Our objectives were to investigate the transplacental transfer and the pharmacokinetics of fipronil and fipronil sulfone in rats. Male and female (with 13 days of gestation) Sprague-Dawley rats were used in pharmacokinetics and transplacental transfer experiments, respectively. Biologic samples were collected at each time point after fipronil intravenous or oral administration. To monitor fipronil and fipronil sulfone in the plasma, placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetus, a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed. After fipronil administration in male rats, the oral bioavailability decreased, whereas the biotransformation increased as the dose increased, revealing an enhancement of first-pass effect and a fast metabolism in vivo. The results of fipronil transplacental transfer in pregnant rats demonstrated that the concentration of fipronil and fipronil sulfone varied in the following order, respectively: placenta > plasma > fetus > amniotic fluid and plasma > placenta > fetus > amniotic fluid. This is the first direct evidence that fipronil and fipronil sulfone cross the blood placental barriers and enter the fetus. The amount of fipronil distributed to the fetus was greater than that of fipronil sulfone in the short term, but by contrast, pharmacokinetic data showed that the latter stayed longer in the body. These findings provide constructive information for public health alarm. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Fipronil and fipronil sulfone interfere with the GABAergic system. Fipronil can cause thyroid dysfunction, which may affect brain growth and nerve development. Although we knew that fipronil and fipronil sulfone could enter eggs, there was no direct evidence that they would enter fetuses. This research provided evidence on the pharmacokinetics and transplacental transfer of fipronil and fipronil sulfone, confirming our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ning Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-N.C., T.-H.T.); Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (T.-H.T.); School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (T.-H.T.); and Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan (T.-H.T.)
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-N.C., T.-H.T.); Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (T.-H.T.); School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (T.-H.T.); and Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan (T.-H.T.)
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16
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Dróżdż D, Wystalska K, Malińska K, Grosser A, Grobelak A, Kacprzak M. Management of poultry manure in Poland - Current state and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110327. [PMID: 32217329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to analyse the current state of management practices for poultry manure in Poland and present future perspectives in terms of technologies allowing closing the loops for circular economy, and thus recovery of nutrients and energy. The scope of the review focused primarily on: (1) the analysis of poultry production and generation of poultry manure with special references to quantities, properties (e.g. fertilizing properties), seasonality, etc.; (2) the overview of current practices and methods for managing poultry manure including advantages and limitations; (3) the analysis of potential and realistic threats and risk related to managing poultry manure, and also (4) the analysis of promising technologies for converting poultry manure into added value products and energy. The review addressed the following technologies: composting of poultry manure to obtain fertilizers and soil improvers, anaerobic digestion of poultry manure for energy recovery, and also pyrolysis of poultry manure into different types of biochar that can be applied in agriculture, horticulture and industry. Poultry manure is rich in macro- and micronutrients but also can contain various contaminants such as antibiotics or pesticides, and thus posing a realistic threat to soil and living organisms when applied to soil directly or after biological treatment. The main challenge in poultry manure processing is to assure sufficient closing of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous loops and safe application to soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Dróżdż
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wystalska
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Malińska
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland.
| | - Anna Grosser
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland.
| | - Anna Grobelak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kacprzak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland.
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17
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Bharatiya R, Bratzu J, Lobina C, Corda G, Cocco C, De Deurwaerdere P, Argiolas A, Melis MR, Sanna F. The pesticide fipronil injected into the substantia nigra of male rats decreases striatal dopamine content: A neurochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioral study. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Turnipseed SB, Storey JM, Wu IL, Andersen WC, Madson MR. Extended liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry screening method for veterinary drug, pesticide and human pharmaceutical residues in aquaculture fish. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1501-1514. [PMID: 31361192 PMCID: PMC7377552 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1637945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) screening method was developed previously to analyze for veterinary drug residues commonly found in different types of aquaculture products. This method has been further evaluated for its feasibility to detect several other classes of compounds that might also be a concern as possible contaminants in farmed tilapia, salmon, eel and shrimp. Some chemicals could contaminate water sources used in aquaculture production through agricultural run-off. These compounds include several widely used triazine herbicides, organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, as well as various discarded human pharmaceuticals. Other possible contaminants investigated were selected disinfectants, some newer antibiotics, growth promoters, and various parasiticides. The sample preparation consisted of an acidic acetonitrile extraction followed by solid-phase extraction clean-up. Data were collected with a quadrupole-Orbitrap MS using both non-targeted and targeted acquisition. This rapid clean-up procedure and HRMS detection method described previously for veterinary drug residues also worked well for many other types of compounds. Most analytes had screening limit levels between 0.5-10 ng/g in the matrices examined using exact mass identification criteria. The strategy described in this paper for testing the performance of additional analytes will help expand the applicability of the HRMS procedure as aquaculture samples can now be analyzed for a wider range of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri B Turnipseed
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Denver , CO , USA
| | - Joseph M Storey
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Denver , CO , USA
| | - I-Lin Wu
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Denver , CO , USA
| | - Wendy C Andersen
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Denver , CO , USA
| | - Mark R Madson
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Denver , CO , USA
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