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Hayward JJ, Todhunter RJ. Common Orthopedic Traits and Screening for Breeding Programs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00066-9. [PMID: 37225647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic diseases are complex traits, meaning genetics and environmental factors affect risk, making identification of genetic associations difficult. In the United States, hip and elbow scores, patellar luxation scores, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, and shoulder osteochondrosis affectedness are available in the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals registry. Distraction indices and extended, ventrodorsal hip conformation scores are recorded by PennHIP. Application of estimated breeding values for hip and elbow dysplasia in breeder selection reduces the severity and prevalence of these traits. Genomic prediction and whole-genome sequence technologies and methods should improve knowledge of genetics underlying orthopedic diseases, leading to improved canine orthopedic genetic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Hayward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Hernandez I, Hayward JJ, Brockman JA, White ME, Mouttham L, Wilcox EA, Garrison S, Castelhano MG, Loftus JP, Gomes FE, Balkman C, Brooks MB, Fiani N, Forman M, Kern T, Kornreich B, Ledbetter EC, Peralta S, Struble AM, Caligiuri L, Corey E, Lin L, Jordan J, Sack D, Boyko AR, Lyons LA, Todhunter RJ. Complex Feline Disease Mapping Using a Dense Genotyping Array. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:862414. [PMID: 35782544 PMCID: PMC9244801 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.862414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current feline genotyping array of 63 k single nucleotide polymorphisms has proven its utility for mapping within breeds, and its use has led to the identification of variants associated with Mendelian traits in purebred cats. However, compared to single gene disorders, association studies of complex diseases, especially with the inclusion of random bred cats with relatively low linkage disequilibrium, require a denser genotyping array and an increased sample size to provide statistically significant associations. Here, we undertook a multi-breed study of 1,122 cats, most of which were admitted and phenotyped for nine common complex feline diseases at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals. Using a proprietary 340 k single nucleotide polymorphism mapping array, we identified significant genome-wide associations with hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis. These results provide genomic locations for variant discovery and candidate gene screening for these important complex feline diseases, which are relevant not only to feline health, but also to the development of disease models for comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jessica J. Hayward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jessica J. Hayward
| | - Jeff A. Brockman
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Topeka, KS, United States
| | - Michelle E. White
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Vertebrate Genomics Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lara Mouttham
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Wilcox
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Susan Garrison
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Marta G. Castelhano
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - John P. Loftus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Filipe Espinheira Gomes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl Balkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Marjory B. Brooks
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nadine Fiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Marnin Forman
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, CT, United States
| | - Tom Kern
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Bruce Kornreich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Eric C. Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Angela M. Struble
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lisa Caligiuri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Corey
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lin Lin
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Julie Jordan
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Danny Sack
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Adam R. Boyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Leslie A. Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rory J. Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Momen M, Kohler NL, Binversie EE, Dentino M, Sample SJ. Heritability and genetic variance estimation of Osteosarcoma (OSA) in Irish Wolfhound, using deep pedigree information. Canine Med Genet 2021; 8:9. [PMID: 34627404 PMCID: PMC8502365 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-021-00109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a devastating disease that is common in the Irish Wolfhound breed. The aim of this study was to use a pedigree-based approach to determine the heritability of OSA in the Irish Wolfhound using data from a large publically available database. Results The pedigree used for this study included 5110 pure-bred Irish Wolfhounds, including 332 dogs diagnosed with OSA and 360 control dogs; dogs were considered controls if they lived over 10 years of age and were not reported to have developed OSA. The estimated heritability of OSA in the Irish Wolfhound was 0.65. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that OSA in the Irish Wolfhound is highly heritable, and support the need for future research investigating associated genetic mutations. Osteosarcoma is a devastating condition that is prevalent in the Irish Wolfhound breed. In this study, our aim was to estimate heritability of osteosarcoma in the Irish Wolfhound breed. We undertook a pedigree-based analysis to estimate heritability of osteosarcoma in the Irish Wolfhound. The pedigree used included 5110 pure-bred Irish Wolfhounds, including 332 dogs diagnosed with osteosarcoma and 360 control dogs. We considered dogs to be controls if they were over 10 years of age and were not reported to have developed osteosarcoma. This study found the heritability estimate of osteosarcoma in the Irish Wolfhound to be 0.65. This score means that osteosarcoma in this breed is: 1) highly heritable and 2) a complex trait, which means that both environmental and genetic factors influence disease risk. Overall, our results provide support for further investigation into the genetic variants involved in the development of osteosarcoma in Irish Wolfhounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Momen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Nyah L Kohler
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Emily E Binversie
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Susannah J Sample
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Bogaerts E, den Boer E, Peelman L, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Fieten H, Saunders JH, Broeckx BJG. Veterinarians' Competence in Applying Basic Genetic Principles and Daily Implementation of Clinical Genetics: A Study in a University Environment. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021:e20210029. [PMID: 34323673 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2020-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Veterinarian competency in genetics is vital for a meaningful application of the rapidly growing number of genetic tests available for animals. We evaluated the use of genetic tests in the daily veterinary practice and the competency of university-employed veterinarians in applying basic principles of genetics in a clinical setting through an electronic survey with 14 cases and 7 statements on genetics. Ninety-one non-geneticist veterinarians from two veterinary faculties in two different countries responded. Almost half of the participants apply genetic tests during their daily work, with frequencies varying between weekly and once a year. The most common indication to request a genetic test was diagnostic testing of clinically ill patients. Although 80% of the veterinarians communicated the result of a genetic test themselves, only 56% of them found it "very to rather easy" to find the correct test, and only 32% of them always felt competent to interpret the result of the test. The number of correctly answered questions varied widely, with median scores of 9/14 (range 0-14) and 5/7 (range 0-7) for the cases and statements, respectively. Most difficulties were seen with recognition of pedigree inheritance patterns, while veterinarians scored better in breeding advice and probability of disease estimations. Veterinarians scored best on questions related to autosomal recessive inheritance, followed by complex, autosomal dominant, X-linked recessive, and X-linked dominant inheritance. This study exposed pain points in veterinarians' knowledge and has led to the formulation of recommendations for future education and communication between laboratories, geneticists, and veterinarians.
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