Sardinha A, Nardi AE, de Araújo CGS, Ferreira MC, Eifert GH. Brazilian Portuguese validated version of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire.
Arq Bras Cardiol 2013;
101:554-61. [PMID:
24145391 PMCID:
PMC4106814 DOI:
10.5935/abc.20130207]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cardiac Anxiety (CA) is the fear of cardiac sensations, characterized by recurrent
anxiety symptoms, in patients with or without cardiovascular disease. The Cardiac
Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) is a tool to assess CA, already adapted but not
validated to Portuguese.
Objective
This paper presents the three phases of the validation studies of the Brazilian
CAQ.
Methods
To extract the factor structure and assess the reliability of the CAQ (phase 1),
98 patients with coronary artery disease were recruited. The aim of phase 2 was to
explore the convergent and divergent validity. Fifty-six patients completed the
CAQ, along with the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Social Phobia
Inventory (SPIN). To determine the discriminative validity (phase 3), we compared
the CAQ scores of two subgroups formed with patients from phase 1 (n = 98),
according to the diagnoses of panic disorder and agoraphobia, obtained with the
MINI - Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.
Results
A 2-factor solution was the most interpretable (46.4% of the variance). Subscales
were named "Fear and Hypervigilance" (n = 9; alpha = 0.88), and "Avoidance", (n =
5; alpha = 0.82). Significant correlation was found between factor 1 and the BSQ
total score (p < 0.01), but not with factor 2. SPIN factors showed significant
correlations with CAQ subscales (p < 0.01). In phase 3, "Cardiac with panic"
patients scored significantly higher in CAQ factor 1 (t = -3.42; p < 0.01, CI =
-1.02 to -0.27), and higher, but not significantly different, in factor 2 (t =
-1.98; p = 0.51, CI = -0.87 to 0.00).
Conclusions
These results provide a definite Brazilian validated version of the CAQ, adequate
to clinical and research settings.
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