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Cieślik B, Jaworska L, Szczepańska-Gierach J. Postural stability in the cognitively impaired elderly: A systematic review of the literature. DEMENTIA 2016; 18:178-189. [PMID: 27509920 DOI: 10.1177/1471301216663012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to review the literature and critically analyse publications connecting cognitive impairment with postural stability. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched. The inclusion criteria comprised the relation between the process of maintaining balance and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Of the 153 selected articles, 15 met the inclusion criteria. In 83% of publications, cognitive status was determined with the use of the Mini-Mental State Examination. In eight publications, postural stability was examined using force plates. Other methods used to test the balance were functional tests, i.e. the Berg Balance Scale or the Balance Evaluation Systems Test. CONCLUSION As the choice of methodology varies significantly, it is difficult to attempt an objective comparison between different studies. There is a clear need for the normalisation of methods used to assess the degree of dementia and to assess postural stability among this group of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Cieślik
- Institute of Physical Education, Tourism and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Pedagogy, Jan Dlugosz University, Czestochowa, Poland; University School of Physical Education, Poland
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Hu Y, Ren P, Sun Y, Guo X, Huang X, Zhu Y, Chen X, Feng Y, Xue L. Establishment of a Drosophila AD model. J Biol Methods 2016; 3:e43. [PMID: 31453210 PMCID: PMC6706136 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that affects people's health greatly. Though amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, the exact role of APP and its underlying mechanism in AD progression have remained largely elusive. Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used as a model organism to study a wide range of human diseases including AD. In this protocol, we expressed full length human APP in the Drosophila nervous system and examined its effect on locomotion and choice ability. We found that expression of APP produced locomotion defects in larvae as measured by plate crawling ability assay (PCA), and in adult flies as monitored by plate cycling ability assay (CLA). In addition, expression of APP results in male courtship choice (MCC) defect, since wild-type males court preferentially toward young virgin females over old ones, while APP-expressing males failed to show this preference. This protocol enables us to screen for novel AD candidate genes as well as therapeutic compounds to ameliorate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yujia Hu
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pu Ren
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xirui Huang
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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