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Abasi E, Borghei NS, Goli S, Farjamfar M, Keramat A. Effect of couples' online training on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:243. [PMID: 37727402 PMCID: PMC10506758 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1244_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the importance of maternal fetal attachment (MFA) in women mental health improvement and considering the fathers' role in MFA promoting, this study conducted to investigate the effect of couple education on maternal fetal attachment. MATERIALS AND METHOD This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 pregnant women and their husbands referred to six health centers in Sari from May to June 2021. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included demographic information form and the Cranley MFA Scale with 24 questions. The intervention group took part in four session's weekly training about spouse support, attachment behaviors, and gender preference of parents, while the control group received only the routine antenatal care. Both groups completed Cranley's questionnaire before and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, paired and independent t-test by SPSS 21. RESULTS MFA mean scores, pre-training and post-training in intervention group were 3.27 (0.54) and 3.75 (0.42), respectively; in the control group, were, 3.24 (0.49) and 3.21 (0.48). There was a significant difference between the two groups' MFA mean scores after intervention (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that couple training regarding spouse support, attachment behaviors, and gender preference during pregnancy can promotes MFA even online training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elieh Abasi
- Health Reproductive Research Center, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Narjes Sadat Borghei
- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Goli
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Maryam Farjamfar
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Keramat
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Suzuki D, Ohashi Y, Shinohara E, Usui Y, Yamada F, Yamaji N, Sasayama K, Suzuki H, Nieva RF, da Silva Lopes K, Miyazawa J, Hase M, Kabashima M, Ota E. The Current Concept of Paternal Bonding: A Systematic Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2265. [PMID: 36421589 PMCID: PMC9690989 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bonding is crucial to perinatal mental health. Despite an extensive body of literature on maternal bonding, few studies have focused on paternal bonding. This scoping review aimed to clarify the current state of the concept of paternal-infant/fetus bonding. The eligibility criteria were drawn from the population concept and context elements to answer the following questions: "what is paternal bonding?" and "what are the constructs of the concept of paternal bonding?" The review comprised 39 studies. Paternal bonding was associated with both positive and negative paternal behavior and thought and may be determined based on fathers' beliefs and rearing history. Most studies showed that father-child interaction is one of the factors promoting paternal bonding. However, fathers generally felt more distant from their babies post-delivery than mothers. Only a few studies originally defined paternal bonding; most relied on the definitions of maternal bonding. We found different descriptions lacking consensus. Few studies examined the differences between paternal and maternal bonding. No consensus exists on the concept, constructs, and assessment of paternal bonding. The causal relationship between paternal bonding and other variables is unexplored. Future studies should explore fathers' perspectives and experiences, focusing on the unknown aspects of paternal bonding identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Suzuki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ohashi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan
- Research Institute of Imperial Gift Foundation Boshi-Aiiku-Kai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8580, Japan
| | - Eriko Shinohara
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuriko Usui
- Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fukiko Yamada
- Department of Midwifery, St. Luke’s International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan
| | - Noyuri Yamaji
- Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke’s International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan
| | - Kiriko Sasayama
- Department of Nursing, Global Health Nursing, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Hitomi Suzuki
- Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke’s International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan
| | - Romulo Fernandez Nieva
- Gender Studies and Criminology Programme, School of Sociology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Katharina da Silva Lopes
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Junko Miyazawa
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Michiko Hase
- Pediatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Musashino University, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8181, Japan
| | - Minoru Kabashima
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Erika Ota
- Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke’s International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6234, Japan
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Arafah D, Thomas B, Fenton TR, Sabr Y, Metcalfe A. Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of Muller's prenatal attachment inventory. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 42:212-220. [PMID: 31948333 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2020.1713083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal fetal attachment (MFA) is the bond between the mother and her unborn baby. Presently no tools measuring MFA are available in Arabic. The aim of this study was to translate Muller's Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) from English to Arabic, examine the cultural appropriateness of this tool, and test its psychometric properties with pregnant women in an Arab country. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PAI was translated from English into Arabic using the Universal Translation Approach (modified tool) and assessed for content validity. During this process four additional items were identified for measurement relevance and cultural acceptability resulting in the revised tool. The psychometric properties of the modified and revised tools were assessed after 250 pregnant Arab women completed the PAI. Factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity, while reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS Both tools were shown to be unidimensional with excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88 for the modified tool and 0.89 for the revised tool). Nulliparity, planning to breastfeed the baby, feeling fetal movements, and downloading a smartphone app to follow the baby's growth were associated with increased MFA in the PAI, while only planning to breastfeed the baby, feeling fetal movements, and downloading a smartphone app to follow the baby's growth were associated with increased MFA in the revised PAI. CONCLUSION The Arabic version of the PAI is a culturally appropriate tool to measure MFA amongst Arabic-speaking women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Arafah
- Qatar Research and Leadership Program, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tanis R Fenton
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yasser Sabr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amy Metcalfe
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Kotila LE, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ, Kamp Dush CM. Boy or Girl? Maternal Psychological Correlates of Knowing Fetal Sex. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014; 68:195-198. [PMID: 26279598 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound provides a reliable, convenient way to determine fetal sex, but not all expectant mothers pursue this knowledge. We used logistic regression to investigate whether maternal personality, parenting perfectionism, and gender role beliefs were associated with knowing fetal sex in a recent sample of first-time expectant mothers. We also tested whether conscientiousness and extraversion moderated the association between gender role beliefs and knowing fetal sex. Mothers who were more open to experience were less likely to know fetal sex, whereas mothers high in parenting perfectionism were more likely to know fetal sex. Conscientious mothers who espoused more egalitarian gender role beliefs were less likely to know fetal sex.
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Étude des propriétés psychométriques d’une échelle d’attachement prénatal. Version française de la Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI, Müller, 1993). Encephale 2010; 36:219-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Baillie C, Hewison J, Mason G. Should ultrasound scanning in pregnancy be routine? J Reprod Infant Psychol 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/02646839908409094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS This paper presents an integrative review of the literature that aimed to (a) review, categorize and critique the published research on maternal-fetal attachment (MFA), (b) analyse and interpret the MFA findings and (c) evaluate the state of knowledge on MFA and provide directions for future research. BACKGROUND Previous researchers have examined MFA in independent studies using a variety of research designs. There was a need to synthesize the findings across studies in order to evaluate the knowledge developed about MFA since the construct was created. METHODS Five stages for conducting an integrative review were carried out. The research problem was identified; data were collected; data were evaluated; findings were analysed and interpreted. Forty-one studies of MFA were located using the online databases of Medline, International Nursing Index, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Psychological Information. The keywords for the search were MFA, parental-fetal attachment, and prenatal attachment. FINDINGS Of the 41 studies reviewed, there were 152 findings relevant to the analysis. Of the 152 findings, 70 were statistically significant, while 82 were not. CONCLUSIONS Research focusing on MFA has begun to create a body of scientific knowledge. This needs to be expanded through continued research using a variety of designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Cannella
- College of Nursing, Rutgers University, 180 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Shipp TD, Shipp DZ, Bromley B, Sheahan R, Cohen A, Lieberman E, Benacerraf B. What factors are associated with parents' desire to know the sex of their unborn child? Birth 2004; 31:272-9. [PMID: 15566339 DOI: 10.1111/j.0730-7659.2004.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents feel strongly about whether or not to learn the sex of their fetus. We sought to determine which factors are significantly associated with parents' desire to know or not to know the fetal sex during a prenatal ultrasound. METHODS All women undergoing prenatal ultrasound examinations, except for those with suspected failed pregnancies, were invited to answer a questionnaire at an outpatient referral center for diagnostic ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology in Boston, Massachusetts. The survey asked about demographic factors, current pregnancy, and past pregnancies, and an open-ended question about whether and why the parents wished to learn, or did not learn, the sex of their fetus. Factors significantly associated with parents' desire to learn the fetal sex prenatally were determined and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1,340 questionnaires were completed. Overall, 761/1,302 (58%) of mothers and 747/1,295 (58%) of fathers learned or planned to learn the fetal sex before delivery. Factors most associated with wanting to learn the fetal sex were conceiving accidentally, finding out the sex in a previous pregnancy, not planning to breastfeed, influence of sex on future childbearing plans, planning a move or renovation dependent on sex, and specific parental sex preference. Demographic factors most associated with wanting to learn the fetal sex were father without full-time job, lower household income, unwed mother, maternal age less than 22 or greater than 40 years, no college degree, race other than white, and religion other than Catholic. CONCLUSIONS Specific demographic and socioeconomic characteristics predicted whether or not parents chose to know the sex of their unborn child. Families in which the pregnancy was unplanned, those in which fetal sex would influence living arrangements or future childbearing plans, and those of lower socioeconomic status wished to know the sex more frequently. Further study is needed to understand parents' motivations underlying the desire to know or not know fetal sex before delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Shipp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Piccinini CA, Gomes AG, Moreira LE, Lopes RS. Expectativas e sentimentos da gestante em relação ao seu bebê. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722004000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A relação da mãe com seu bebê vai se constituindo desde o período pré-natal, e é influenciada pelas expectativas que ela tem sobre o bebê e pela interação que estabelece com ele. Esta primeira relação serve de prelúdio para a relação mãe-bebê que se estabelece depois do nascimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as expectativas e os sentimentos das gestantes em relação ao bebê. Participaram 39 gestantes primíparas, no último trimestre de gestação, com idades entre 19 e 37 anos. As gestantes foram entrevistadas individualmente e as suas respostas foram examinadas através de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que as mães procuram, já desde a gestação, oferecer mais identidade ao bebê, atribuindo-lhe expectativas e sentimentos quanto ao seu sexo, nome, características psicológicas, saúde, além de interagirem com ele. Isto parece reverter em um investimento importante à constituição psíquica do bebê, além de possibilitar o exercício da maternidade.
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Garcia J, Bricker L, Henderson J, Martin MA, Mugford M, Nielson J, Roberts T. Women's views of pregnancy ultrasound: a systematic review. Birth 2002; 29:225-50. [PMID: 12431263 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-536x.2002.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound has become a routine part of care for pregnant women in most countries with developed health services. It is one of a range of techniques used in screening and diagnosis, but it differs from most others because of the direct access that it gives parents to images of the fetus. A review of women's views of ultrasound was commissioned as part of a larger study of the clinical and economic aspects of routine antenatal ultrasound use. METHODS Studies of women's views about antenatal screening and diagnosis were searched for on electronic databases. Studies about pregnancy ultrasound were then identified from this material. Further studies were found by contacting researchers, hand searches, and following up references. The searches were not intentionally limited by date or language. Studies that reported direct data from women about pregnancy ultrasound were then included in a structured review. Studies were not excluded on the basis of methodological quality unless they were impossible to understand. They were read by one author and tabulated. The review then addressed a series of questions in a nonquantitative way. RESULTS The structured review included 74 primary studies represented by 98 reports. Studies from 18 countries were included, and they employed methods ranging from qualitative interviewing to psychometric testing. The review included studies from the very early period of ultrasound use up to reports of research on contemporary practice. Ultrasound is very attractive to women and families. Women's early concerns about the safety of ultrasound were rarely reported in more recent research. Women often lack information about the purposes for which an ultrasound scan is being done and the technical limitations of the procedure. The strong appeal of diagnostic ultrasound use may contribute to the fact that pregnant women are often unprepared for adverse findings. CONCLUSIONS Despite the highly varied study designs and contexts for the research included, this review provided useful information about women's views of pregnancy ultrasound. One key finding for clinicians was the need for all staff, women, and partners to be well informed about the specific purposes of ultrasound scans and what they can and cannot achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Garcia
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford University, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lindgren K. Relationships among maternal-fetal attachment, prenatal depression, and health practices in pregnancy. Res Nurs Health 2001; 24:203-17. [PMID: 11526619 DOI: 10.1002/nur.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate a conceptual model in which depression was proposed to have direct negative effects on positive health practices as well as indirect negative effects through maternal-fetal attachment (MFA). Participants were 252 adult pregnant women, between 20 and 40 weeks postgestation, who were recruited from five prenatal care sites. Data were collected using mailed self-report instruments measuring MFA, depression, health practices, and demographic and pregnancy information. Hierarchical regression was used to examine direct and indirect effects of depression, person characteristics (maternal age, pregnancy risk status, parity, ethnicity, education, income, marital status), and MFA on health practices. Results of the study supported the conceptual model. Higher education, lower parity, and being partnered predicted more positive health practices (p <05). After controlling for person characteristics, depression was found to be a significant predictor of MFA. Both depression and MFA were significant predictors of positive health practices but in opposite directions. Depression had a negative relationship and MFA a positive relationship with positive health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lindgren
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, 600 Highland Avenue K6/258, Madison, WI 53792-2455, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal ascertainment of fetal sex is a common feature of modern pregnancies. Women who opt not to learn fetal sex typically employ a variety of methods to forecast it. This study investigated the validity of prevalent folklore used to identify fetal sex before birth. METHOD One hundred four pregnant women, who did not know the sex of the fetus, were administered a questionnaire to explore their perceptions of fetal sex and the basis for these predictions. RESULTS Fetal sex was not systematically related to the shape of the woman's abdomen, prevalence of morning sickness, or comparisons with previous pregnancies. However, women who had more than twelve years of education correctly predicted fetal sex greater than chance (71% correct), in contrast to less educated women (43% correct). Contrary to expectations, women whose forecasts were based on psychological criteria (i.e., dreams or feelings) were more likely to be correct than those employing prevalent folklore criteria (i.e., the way a woman was carrying the pregnancy). CONCLUSIONS In general, women were not good predictors of fetal sex. The mechanisms that promote maternal accuracy in predicting fetal sex for highly educated women are unknown. It is reasonable to expect that maternal perceptions of fetal sex contribute to the process of fetal attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Perry
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Baillie C, Mason G, Hewison J. Scanning for pleasure. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1997; 104:1223-4. [PMID: 9386020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Baillie
- Department of Psychology, University of Leeds
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Baun J. Letters to the Editor. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 1993. [DOI: 10.1177/875647939300900219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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