Development and validation of RP HPLC method for determination of betamethasone dipropionate in gingival crevicular fluid

Accuracy of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers of MMP8, TIMP1, RANK, RANKL, and OPG in Differentiating Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis

Apical periodontitis (AP) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the teeth. Bone resorption dynamics in symptomatic and asymptomatic AP are still unrecognized. This study examined different inflammatory markers within gingival crevicular fluid, including matrix metalloproteinases 8 (MMP8), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), to be used in comparing symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) versus healthy teeth. Subjects with SAP, AAP, and a control group were recruited and GCF samples were collected by Periopaper strips. Clinical and radiographical measures were used for diagnosing AP. Levels of MMP8, TIMP, RANK, RANKL, and OPG were determined by ELISA and their abilities to discriminate between examined sites were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. All examined biomarkers were statistically significant higher (p < 0.05) in SAP than AAP and the control group, apart from RANK. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) were identified between all SAP and AAP biomarkers except TIMP1 and RANK in AAP teeth. TIMP1 and OPG exhibited the highest ability to distinguish between SAP and AAP with areas under the curve of 0.824 and 0.763 in comparing SAP and the control group, and 0.732 and 0.73 when comparing AAP and the control group, respectively. Additionally, TIMP1 and OPG showed the highest AUC of 0.778 and 0.747 when SAP and AAP were compared, respectively. This study concluded that GCF levels of TIMP1 and OPG can be used to differentiate between SAP, AAP, and healthy teeth.

Evaluation of the efficacy of lycopene gel compared with minocycline hydrochloride microspheres as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment: A randomised clinical trial

Background/purpose

The prescription of antibiotics as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy in patients with severe periodontitis is recommended; however, the side effects of antibiotics are a major concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lycopene (Lyc) antioxidant gel versus minocycline hydrochloride microspheres (ARISTIN) as an adjunct to the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis.

Materials and methods

Three identical periodontal pockets/patient received root surface debridement followed by the random application of either ARISTIN, Lyc, or placebo gel (control, Ctrl). Clinical parameters, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss, were recorded at the baseline and after 30 days. Additionally, the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metallopeptidase 9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) in gingival crevicular fluid samples were assessed at the same time points.

Results

Twenty-three patients with periodontitis completed the study. Both ARISTIN and Lyc treatments showed significantly greater gains in attachment (1.94 ± 1.33 and 1.72 ± 0.88, respectively) than the Ctrl treatment (1.04 ± 0.96). Compared with those in the Ctrl, only ARISTIN showed a significant reduction in IL-8 level, whereas TIMP1 levels were significantly upregulated in the Lyc gel and ARISTIN sites. The effect size estimation indicated that Lyc gel exhibited considerably greater efficacy than the Ctrl gel.

Conclusion

Lyc gel and ARISTIN offer almost equal improvement in both clinical and biochemical parameters of periodontitis.

An LC-MS Method for Determination of Betamethasone in Tissue Engineering Skin and Application to Dermatopharmacokinetic Study

Background and Objectives:

Tissue engineering skin is a three-dimensional skin substitute cultured in the gas-liquid interface using the immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). In this study, the preliminary metabolism of betamethasone dipropionate by tissue engineering skin was studied and the pharmacokinetics methodology was established using betamethasone dipropionate gel as the target drug.

Methods:

The betamethasone dipropionate gel was applied on the tissue engineering skin after the skin was cultured. Then the medium (receiving liquid) and skin were taken on 0.25, 0.75, 1.75, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 h time points. The betamethasone concentration in the medium and skin was determinated by the LC-MS method. Chromatographic analysis was conducted using isocratic elution on a C18 column (150 mm × 2.0 mm, 5 µm) in mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (70 : 30, v/v). The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min.

Results:

This method exhibited linearity within the concentration range of 0. 1 to 50 µg /mL of betamethasone. The LLOQ was 0. 1 µg /mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions of betamethasone in the blank medium were all less than 10.69 % (RSD, %), while in the blank, skin homogenates were all less than 13.96 % (RSD, %). As a result, the betamethasone concentration in the medium and skin could both be detected, which suggested that betamethasone dipropionate could be metabolized to betamethasone through the tissue engineering skin.

Conclusion:

It was feasible to use tissue engineering skin as a model to study the dermatopharmacokinetics of topical betamethasone dipropionate gel. The research could build a foundation for the dermato-pharmacokinetic study approach.