Piperazine sulfonamides as DPP-IV inhibitors: Synthesis, induced-fit docking and in vitro biological evaluation

Discovery of imeglimin-inspired novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as antidiabetic agents in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats via inhibition of DPP-4

Novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives bearing oxazine have been synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit a panel of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, 8, and 9 enzymes. In a comparative inhibitory assay, the molecules showed potent inhibition of DPP-4 ranging from IC50 of 4.2 ± 0.30-260.5 ± 0.42 nM, with no activity against DPP-8 and DPP-9. Among the tested series, compound 8c demonstrated the strongest DPP-4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 4.2 ± 0.30 nM. It also showed the greatest binding affinity during docking studies with DPP-4 with a docking score of -8.956 and a glide energy of -78.546 kcal mol-1 and was found oriented in the S1 and S2 pockets of the DPP-4 active site, which is composed of the catalytic triad Ser 630, Asp 710, and His 740. The in vivo pharmacological assay revealed that compound 8c in a dose-dependent manner improved the insulin level, body weight, antioxidants, and HDL, and reduced the levels of blood glucose, LDL, and VLDL in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Our study demonstrated the discovery and development of novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives bearing oxazine as a novel class of anti-diabetic agents via inhibition of DPP-4.

Discovery of novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as an antidiabetic agent in Wistar rats via inhibition of DPP-4

Aim: To develop imeglimin-inspired novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as antidiabetic agents. Materials & methods: These derivatives were synthesized and tested against DPP enzymes. Compound 8c was tested for in vivo antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats by estimating various biochemical parameters. Docking experiments were also performed. Results: Compound 8c was identified as a selective and potent DPP-4 inhibitor. It was proficiently docked into the catalytic triad of Ser 630, Asp 710 and His740 in S1 and S2 pockets of DPP-4. In experimental animals, it also showed dose-dependent improvement in blood glucose, blood insulin, bodyweight, lipid profile and kidney and liver antioxidant profiles. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the discovery of imeglimin-inspired novel 1,3,5-triazines as a potent antidiabetic agent.

Discovery, synthesis and in combo studies of Schiff's bases as promising dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors

Diabetes mellitus is a main global health apprehension. Macrovascular illnesses, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy are considered some of its severe hitches. Gliptins are a group of hypoglycemic agents that inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme and support blood glucose-lowering effect of incretins. In the current research, synthesis, characterization, docking, and biological evaluation of fourteen Schiff's bases 5a-f and 9a-h were carried out. Compound 9f revealed the best in vitro anti-DPP-IV activity of 35.7% inhibition at a concentration of 100 μM. Compounds 9c and 9f with the highest in vitro DPP-IV inhibition were subjected to the in vivo glucose-lowering test using vildagliptin as a positive inhibitor. Vildagliptin, 9c, and 9f showed significant reduction in the blood glucose levels of the treated mice after 30 min of glucose administration. Moreover, induced fit docking showed that these derivatives accommodated the enzyme binding site with comparable docking scores. Schiff's bases can serve as promising lead for the development of new DPP-IV inhibitors.