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Svoboda M, Huml O, Chomat P, Honzlova A, Illek J, Svobodova Z, Hofmannova L, Modra H. Accidental salinomycin intoxication in European fallow deer ( Dama dama L.). VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:18-29. [PMID: 38465000 PMCID: PMC10919098 DOI: 10.17221/100/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinomycin, belonging to ionophore antibiotics, has been used as a feed additive for poultry for its coccidiostatic effect. Poisoning by ionophore antibiotics has been reported in cattle and other sensitive animals due to the replacement of medicated feed and/or accidental overdoses. The aim of this paper is to report the toxicity of salinomycin for fallow deer and to describe the different levels of sensitivity of cervids to this substance. In the presented case study, a medicated feed containing ivermectin used for deworming red deer and fallow deer was accidentally contaminated with sodium salinomycinate in a concentration of 252.6 mg/kg. The contaminated feed was consumed by the animals over a period of four days. The mortality of fallow deer within 12 days was 58%. No mortality was recorded in the red deer. In the affected animals, clinical signs associated with acute and congestive heart failure were observed. The biochemical examination indicated prerenal azotaemia caused by circulatory insufficiency and ion imbalance. The histological examination revealed pronounced focal acute cardiomyopathy and massive subacute myopathy in the skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Svoboda
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oto Huml
- Vedilab Ltd Plzeň, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chomat
- Veterinary Clinic Dobrošovice, Sedlčany, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Honzlova
- State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Illek
- Large Animal Clinical Laboratory, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Helena Modra
- Institute of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Zheng Y, Xiao J, Wang J, Dong B, Guo D, Ji H, Sun H, Peng L, Jiang S, Gao X. V-ATPase V0 subunit activation mediates maduramicin-induced methuosis through blocking endolysosomal trafficking in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113922. [PMID: 37394175 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Methuosis, a novel cell death phenotype, is characterized by accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuolization upon external stimulus. Methuosis plays a critical role in maduramicin-induced cardiotoxicity despite the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the origin and intracellular trafficking of cytoplasmic vacuoles, as well as the molecular mechanism of methuosis caused by maduramicin (1 μg/mL) in myocardial cells. H9c2 cells and broiler chicken were used and were exposed to maduramicin at doses of 1 μg/mL in vitro and 5 ppm-30 ppm in vivo. Morphological observation and dextran-Alexa Fluor 488 tracer experiment showed that endosomal compartments swelling and excessive macropinocytosis contributed to madurdamcin-induced methuosis. Cell counting kit-8 assay and morphology indicated pharmacological inhibition of macropinocytosis largely prevent H9c2 cells from maduramicin-triggered methuosis. In addition, late endosomal marker Rab7 and lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) increased in a time-dependent manner after maduramicin treatment, and the recycling endosome marker Rab11 and ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) were decreased by maduramicin. Vacuolar-H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) was activated by maduramicin, and pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown V0 subunit of V-ATPase restore endosomal-lysosomal trafficking and prevent H9c2 cells methuosis. Animal experiment showed that severe cardiac injury included the increase of creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and vacuolar degeneration resembled methuosis in vivo after maduramicin treatment. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that targeting the inhibition of V-ATPase V0 subunit will prevent myocardial cells methuosis by restoring endosomal-lysosomal trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Dawei Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Hui Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiuge Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Anees M, Mehrotra N, Tiwari S, Kumar D, Kharbanda S, Singh H. Polylactic acid based biodegradable hybrid block copolymeric nanoparticle mediated co-delivery of salinomycin and doxorubicin for cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122779. [PMID: 36842520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for chemoresistance, cancer reoccurrence and treatment failure in cancer patients. Eliminating CSCs along with bulk tumor is a necessity to achieve complete cancer inhibition. Salinomycin (SAL) has potential to specifically target and kill CSCs through blocking their multiple pathways simultaneously. SAL has also been reported to improve anti-cancer efficacy of numerous chemo-based drugs when used in combination therapy. However, clinical use of SAL is restricted due to its high off targeted toxicity. Herein, we have developed a PLA based hybrid block copolymer for concomitant delivery of SAL and doxorubicin (DOX) with an aim to reduce their adverse side effects and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. Designed PLA based nanoplatform showed high encapsulation and sustained release profile for both the drugs. Cytotoxicity evaluation on cancer cell lines confirmed the synergistic effect of SAL:DOX co-loaded NPs. Additionally, prepared SAL NPs were also found to be highly effective against chemo-resistant cancer cells and CSCs derived from cancer patient. Most importantly, encapsulation of SAL in PLA NPs improved its pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profile. Consequently, undesired toxicity with SAL NPs was significantly reduced which in-turn increased the dose tolerability in mice as compared to free SAL. Treatment of EAC tumor bearing mice with SAL:DOX co-loaded NPs resulted in excellent tumor regression and complete inhibition of cancer reoccurrence. These results conclude that concomitant delivery of SAL and DOX using PLA based block copolymeric nano-carrier have a strong potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Anees
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Neha Mehrotra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sachchidanand Tiwari
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW), New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Harpal Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Ionophore Toxicity in Animals: A Review of Clinical and Molecular Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021696. [PMID: 36675211 PMCID: PMC9863538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, ionophores have been used to control coccidiosis in poultry. However, misuse of ionophores can cause toxicity with significant clinical symptoms. The most critical factors influencing ionophores' toxicity are administration dose, species, and animal age. Although clinical signs of ionophore intoxication are well studied, the toxicity mechanisms of the ionophores at the molecular level still are not fully elucidated. This review summarizes the studies focused on polyether ionophores toxicity mechanisms in animals at the clinical and molecular levels. Studies show that ionophore toxicity mainly affects myocardial and skeletal muscle cells. The molecular mechanism of the toxication could be explained by the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation via dysregulation of ion concentration. Tiamulin-ionophore interaction and the synergetic effect of tiamulin in ionophore biotransformation are discussed. Furthermore, in recent years ionophores were candidates for reprofiling as antibacterial and anti-cancer drugs. Identifying ionophores' toxicity mechanisms at the cellular level will likely help develop novel therapies in veterinary and human medicine.
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Ghonaim AH, Hopo MG, Ismail AK, AboElnaga TR, Elgawish RA, Abdou RH, Elhady KA. Hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects of silymarin against salinomycin-induced toxicity in adult rabbits. Vet World 2022; 15:2244-2252. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2244-2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Salinomycin sodium, a licensed coccidiostat in rabbits, is used for fattening at a dose of 20–25 mg/kg. Salinomycin toxicity may arise from many risk factors (e.g., overdosage or use in non-target animal species). Silymarin extracted from milk thistle has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. This study aimed to investigate the adverse impacts of oral administration of salinomycin for 28 consecutive days and how to reduce its risks and side effects by administering silymarin.
Materials and Methods: Eighty-four male New Zealand White bucks (1.750–2.000 kg) were randomly divided into seven groups (12 each). Group one was the control. Groups two and three were administered salinomycin orally (doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg ration). Group four was administered salinomycin (20 mg/kg ration) and silymarin (6.5 mg/kg body weight [BW]). Group five received salinomycin (40 mg/kg ration) and silymarin (13 mg/kg BW). Groups six and seven were administered silymarin at doses of 6.5 and 13 mg/kg BW. Rabbits were euthanized and slaughtered on day 29 using the Halal method. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) were analyzed in serum. Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated in the liver. A histopathological investigation was performed on the liver and kidney.
Results: The MDA activity, AST, ALT, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, urea, and creatinine values were significantly elevated in groups two and three. The GSH, catalase, SOD, and HDL were significantly lower in these groups than in the control group. There were moderate pathologic changes in the liver and kidney of the third group . However, the results of the fourth and fifth groups improved more than those of the second and third groups. The results of the sixth and seventh groups were nearly the same as those of the control group.
Conclusion: Salinomycin toxicity was caused by oxidative damage because of reactive oxygen species formation. Silymarin (6.5 or 13 mg/kg BW) tends to prevent and treat accidental toxicity. However, the high dose of silymarin (13 mg/kg BW) had more renal and hepatoprotective capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Ghonaim
- Department of Animal Health, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11435, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman K. Ismail
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek R. AboElnaga
- Department of Animal Health, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11435, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdelrahman Elgawish
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Rania H. Abdou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Kawther A. Elhady
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Vitamin D 3 and Salinomycin synergy in MCF-7 cells cause cell death via endoplasmic reticulum stress in monolayer and 3D cell culture. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 452:116178. [PMID: 35914560 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1α, 25, dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), the active form of vitamin D3, has antitumor properties in several cancer cell lines in vitro. Salinomycin (Sal) has anticancer activity against cancer cell lines. This study aims to examine the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of Sal associated with 1,25D on MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line cultured in monolayer (2D) and three-dimensional models (mammospheres). We also aim to evaluate the molecular mechanism of Sal and 1,25D-mediated effects. We report that Sal and 1,25D act synergistically in MCF-7 mammospheres and monolayer causing G1 cell cycle arrest, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction with a long-lasting cytotoxic response represented by clonogenic and mammosphere assay. We observed the induction of cell death by apoptosis with upregulation in mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes (CASP7, CASP9, and BBC3). Extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization, a morphological characteristic found in paraptosis, was also seen and could be triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) as we found transcriptional upregulation of genes related to ER stress (ATF6, GADD153, GADD45G, EIF2AK3, and HSPA5). Overall, Sal and 1,25D act synergistically, inhibiting cell proliferation by activating simultaneously multiple death pathways and may be a novel and promising luminal A breast cancer therapy strategy.
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The In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Ionophore Exposure on Selected Cytoskeletal Proteins of C2C12 Myoblasts. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070447. [PMID: 35878184 PMCID: PMC9317143 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic ionophores, such as monensin, salinomycin and lasalocid, are polyether antibiotics used widely in production animals for the control of coccidiosis, as well as for the promotion of growth and feed efficiency. Although the benefits of using ionophores are undisputed, cases of ionophore toxicosis do occur, primarily targeting the cardiac and skeletal muscles of affected animals. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of monensin, salinomycin and lasalocid on mouse skeletal myoblasts (C2C12). Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescent techniques were, in turn, performed to investigate the effects of the ionophores on the microfilament, microtubule and intermediate filament, i.e., desmin and synemin networks of the myoblasts. Monensin was the most cytotoxic of the three ionophores, followed by salinomycin and finally lasalocid. Monensin and salinomycin exposure resulted in the aggregation of desmin around the nuclei of affected myoblasts. The synemin, microtubule and microfilament networks were less affected; however, vesicles throughout the myoblast’s cytoplasm produced gaps within the microtubule and, to a limited extent, the synemin and microfilament networks. In conclusion, ionophore exposure disrupted desmin filaments, which could contribute to the myofibrillar degeneration and necrosis seen in the skeletal muscles of animals suffering from ionophore toxicosis.
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Qi D, Liu Y, Li J, Huang JH, Hu X, Wu E. Salinomycin as a potent anticancer stem cell agent: State of the art and future directions. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:1037-1063. [PMID: 34786735 PMCID: PMC9298915 DOI: 10.1002/med.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within a tumor that can both self‐renew and differentiate into other cell types forming the heterogeneous tumor bulk. Since CSCs are involved in all aspects of cancer development, including tumor initiation, cell proliferation, metastatic dissemination, therapy resistance, and recurrence, they have emerged as attractive targets for cancer treatment and management. Salinomycin, a widely used antibiotic in poultry farming, was identified by the Weinberg group as a potent anti‐CSC agent in 2009. As a polyether ionophore, salinomycin exerts broad‐spectrum activities, including the important anti‐CSC function. Studies on the mechanism of action of salinomycin against cancer have been continuously and rapidly published since then. Thus, it is imperative for us to update its literature of recent research findings in this area. We here summarize the notable work reported on salinomycin's anticancer activities, intracellular binding target(s), effects on tumor microenvironment, safety, derivatives, and tumor‐specific drug delivery; after that we also discuss the translational potential of salinomycin toward clinical application based on current multifaceted understandings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA.,LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Pharmacy, College Station, Texas, USA
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Gao X, Ji C, Wang J, Song X, Zuo R, Zhang J, Chen X, Ji H, Peng L, Guo D, Jiang S. Maduramicin induces cardiotoxicity via Rac1 signaling-independent methuosis in H9c2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1937-1951. [PMID: 33890316 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maduramicin frequently induces severe cardiotoxicity in target and nontarget animals in clinic. Apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death mediate its cardiotoxicity; however, the underlying non-apoptotic cell death induced by maduramicin remains unclear. In current study, a recently described non-apoptotic cell death "methuosis" caused by maduramicin was defined in mammalian cells. Rat myocardial cell H9c2 was used as an in vitro model, showing excessively cytoplasmic vacuolization upon maduramicin (0.0625-5 μg/mL) exposure for 24 h. Maduramicin-induced reversible cytoplasmic vacuolization of H9c2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The vacuoles induced by maduramicin were phase lucent with single membrane and were not derived from the swelling of organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, and Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, maduramicin-induced cytoplasmic vacuoles are generated from micropinocytosis, which was demonstrated by internalization of extracellular fluid-phase marker Dextran-Alexa Fluor 488 into H9c2 cells. Intriguingly, these cytoplasmic vacuoles acquired some characteristics of late endosomes and lysosomes rather than early endosomes and autophagosomes. Vacuolar H+ -ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 efficiently prevented the generation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and decreased the cytotoxicity of H9c2 cells triggered by maduramicin. Mechanism studying indicated that maduramicin activated H-Ras-Rac1 signaling pathway at both mRNA and protein levels. However, the pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of Rac1 rescued maduramicin-induced cytotoxicity of H9c2 cells but did not alleviate cytoplasmic vacuolization. Based on these findings, maduramicin induces methuosis in H9c2 cells via Rac-1 signaling-independent seriously cytoplasmic vacuolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuge Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhao Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runan Zuo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Gao X, Zheng Y, Ruan X, Ji H, Peng L, Guo D, Jiang S. Salinomycin induces primary chicken cardiomyocytes death via mitochondria mediated apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 282:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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