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Lawson C, McCabe DJ, Feldman R. A Narrative Review of Aconite Poisoning and Management. J Intensive Care Med 2024:8850666241245703. [PMID: 38613376 DOI: 10.1177/08850666241245703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Aconite poisoning refers to toxicity resulting from plants belonging to the Aconitum genus, which comprises over 350 different species of perennial flowering plants that grow in temperate mountainous areas of the northern hemisphere (North America, Europe, Asia). These plants contain a group of toxins known as aconite alkaloids, which encompass numerous closely related toxic compounds. Conventional teaching from toxicology textbooks has broadly classified these alkaloids based on their mechanism of action, often simplifying them as substances that prevent sodium channel inactivation. However, this is an oversimplified and sometimes inaccurate description, as some aconite alkaloids can act as sodium channel blockers. Aconite alkaloids have a long history of use as poisonous substances and have been historically employed for hunting, assassinations, traditional medicine, and self-inflicted harm. Toxicity can occur due to the consumption of traditional medicines derived from aconitum plants or the ingestion of aconite plants and their derivatives. The clinical manifestations of aconite poisoning may encompass gastrointestinal symptoms, sensory alterations, seizures, and life-threatening dysrhythmias that may not respond to standard treatments. Treatment is primarily supportive however evaluation and management of these patients should be personalized and carried out in collaboration with a toxicologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lawson
- Department of Pharmacy, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel J McCabe
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Poison Control Center, Sioux City, IA, USA
| | - Ryan Feldman
- Department of Pharmacy, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin, School of Pharmacy, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Medical Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Poison Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Choudhary A, Shekhawat D, Pathania J, Sita K, Sharma S, Chawla A, Jaiswal V. Exploring DNA barcode for accurate identification of threatened Aconitum L. species from Western Himalaya. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:75. [PMID: 38175298 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aconitum species, belonging to Ranunculaceae, have high medicinal importance but due to their overexploitation come under IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) red list. The precise identification of the Aconitum species is equally important because they are used in herbal formulations. The present study aimed to develop an efficient DNA barcode system for the authentic identification of Aconitum species. METHODS AND RESULTS A set of 92 barcode gene sequences (including 12 developed during the present study and 80 retrieved from NCBI) of 5 Aconitum species (A. heterophyllum, A. vialoceum, A. japonicum, A. napellus, and A. stapfianum) were analyzed using three methods (tree-based, distance-based, and similarity-based) for species discrimination. The PWG-distance method was found most effective for species discrimination. The discrimination rate of PWG- distance ranged from 33.3% (rbcL + trnH-psbA) to 100% (ITS, rbcL + ITS, ITS + trnH-psbA and rbcL + ITS + trnH-psbA). Among DNA barcodes and their combinations, the ITS marker had the highest degree of species discrimination (NJ-40%, PWG-100% and BLAST-40%), followed by trnH-psbA (NJ-20%, PWG-60% and BLAST-20%). ITS also had higher barcoding gap as compared to other individual barcodes and their combinations. Further, we also analyzed six Aconitum species (A. balfourii, A. ferox, A. heterophyllum, A. rotundifolium, A. soongaricum and A. violaceum) existing in Western Himalaya. These species were distinguished clearly through tree-based method using the ITS barcode gene with 100% species resolution. CONCLUSION ITS showed the best species discrimination power and was used to develop species-specific barcodes for Aconitum species. DNA barcodes developed during the present study can be used to identify Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Choudhary
- Biotechnology, Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Deepika Shekhawat
- Biotechnology, Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Jyotsna Pathania
- Biotechnology, Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Kumari Sita
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Shailika Sharma
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Amit Chawla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Vandana Jaiswal
- Biotechnology, Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Majumder MI, Mahadi AR, Rahman OU, Roy BK, Shihab HM. Accidental poisoning with aconite overdose: A case report and resuscitative emergency management in a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7845. [PMID: 37636875 PMCID: PMC10448233 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intoxication with aconite, a common over-the-counter herbal medicine in Asia, can result in ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest and requires heart rate monitoring in a critical care setting and aggressive use of antiarrhythmica. Educational efforts in the appropriate use of alternative medicine may help prevent intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Obayed Ur Rahman
- Department of AnesthesiologyCumilla Medical CollegeCumillaBangladesh
| | - Biplob Kumar Roy
- Department of AnesthesiologyCumilla Medical CollegeCumillaBangladesh
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Diagnostic ions guided 2D-locating strategy for characterization of chemical analogues in complex herbal medicines using liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry. J Food Drug Anal 2021; 29:684-699. [PMID: 35649146 PMCID: PMC9931012 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid characterization of chemical analogues in potentially toxic complex matrix was essential for prevention of accidental poisoning. On the basis of the fragment ions possessed not only the same retention times (RT) but the same drift times (DT) on liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS), an alternating frames (AF)-data independent acquisition (DIA) was utilized for simultaneous detection and rapid match of precursor/product ions with a fast switch of low/high collision energy (CE). A diagnostic ions guided 2D-locating strategy was developed for identification of chemical analogues in potentially toxic herbal medicines using LC-IM-MS. Firstly, the 2D-locations (RT, DT) of diagnostic ions were screened from high-fragment IM-MS frames according to their m/z. Then, the correlated precursor ions were extracted from the complex background interference in low-fragment IM-MS frames based on diagnostic ions' 2D-locations. Finally, the remained ions were characterized using double-bond equivalent analysis combined with MS/MS fragment interpretation. Totally, 236 diterpene alkaloids including eight compounds with potential new esterification types were characterized in processed lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Moreover, the LC-IM-MS distribution regularities of diterpene alkaloids with various chemical structure types were further investigated and discussed. This study presented an innovative idea for revealing the chemical basis related to the toxicities of potentially poisonous herbal medicines to ensure the medication safety.
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