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Zhang X, He L, Li Y, Qiu Y, Hu W, Lu W, Du H, Yang D. Compound 225# inhibits the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells by promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:70. [PMID: 38577924 PMCID: PMC11017819 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second leading cause of cancer‑related death worldwide due to its aggressive nature. After surgical resection, >50% of patients with CRC require adjuvant therapy. As a result, eradicating cancer cells with medications is a promising method to treat patients with CRC. In the present study, a novel compound was synthesized, which was termed compound 225#. The inhibitory activity of compound 225# against CRC was determined by MTT assay, EdU fluorescence labeling and colony formation assay; the effects of compound 225# on the cell cycle progression and apoptosis of CRC cells were detected by flow cytometry and western blotting; and the changes in autophagic flux after the administration of compound 225# were detected using the double fluorescence fusion protein mCherry‑GFP‑LC3B and western blotting. The results demonstrated that compound 225# exhibited antiproliferative properties, inhibiting the proliferation and expansion of CRC cell lines in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, compound 225# triggered G2/M cell cycle arrest by influencing the expression of cell cycle regulators, such as CDK1, cyclin A1 and cyclin B1, which is also closely related to the activation of DNA damage pathways. The cleavage of PARP and increased protein expression levels of PUMA suggested that apoptosis was triggered after treatment with compound 225#. Moreover, the increase in LC3‑II expression and stimulation of autophagic flux indicated the activation of an autophagy pathway. Notably, compound 225# induced autophagy, which was associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In accordance with the in vitro findings, the in vivo results demonstrated that compound 225# effectively inhibited the growth of HCT116 tumors in mice without causing any changes in their body weight. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that compound 225# not only inhibited proliferation and promoted G2/M‑phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but also initiated cytoprotective autophagy in CRC cells by activating ER stress pathways. Taken together, these findings provide an experimental basis for the evaluation of compound 225# as a novel potential medication for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Liujun He
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Qiu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Wujing Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Du
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Yang
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
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Porcine Enteric Coronavirus PEDV Induces the ROS-ATM and Caspase7-CAD-γH2AX Signaling Pathways to Foster Its Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081782. [PMID: 36016404 PMCID: PMC9413700 DOI: 10.3390/v14081782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which eukaryotic cells sense DNA lesions caused by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including virus infection. Although interactions between DNA viruses and DDR have been extensively studied, how RNA viruses, especially coronaviruses, regulate DDR remains unknown. A previous study showed that the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus in the Coronaviridae family, induces DDR in infected cells. However, the underlying mechanism was unclear. This study showed that PEDV activates the ATM-Chk2 signaling, while inhibition of ATM or Chk2 dampens the early stage of PEDV infection. Additionally, we found that PEDV-activated ATM signaling correlates with intracellular ROS production. Interestingly, we showed that, unlike the typical γH2AX foci, PEDV infection leads to a unique γH2AX staining pattern, including phase I (nuclear ring staining), II (pan-nuclear staining), and III (co-staining with apoptotic bodies), which highly resembles the apoptosis process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PEDV-induced H2AX phosphorylation depends on the activation of caspase-7 and caspase-activated DNAse (CAD), but not ATM-Chk2. Finally, we showed that the knockdown of H2AX attenuates PEDV replication. Taken together, we conclude that PEDV induces DDR through the ROS-ATM and caspase7-CAD-γH2AX signaling pathways to foster its early replication.
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Cakir A, Tuncer M, Taymaz-Nikerel H, Ulucan O. Side effect prediction based on drug-induced gene expression profiles and random forest with iterative feature selection. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2021; 21:673-681. [PMID: 34155353 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One in every ten drug candidates fail in clinical trials mainly due to efficacy and safety related issues, despite in-depth preclinical testing. Even some of the approved drugs such as chemotherapeutics are notorious for their side effects that are burdensome on patients. In order to pave the way for new therapeutics with more tolerable side effects, the mechanisms underlying side effects need to be fully elucidated. In this work, we addressed the common side effects of chemotherapeutics, namely alopecia, diarrhea and edema. A strategy based on Random Forest algorithm unveiled an expression signature involving 40 genes that predicted these side effects with an accuracy of 89%. We further characterized the resulting signature and its association with the side effects using functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction networks. This work contributes to the ongoing efforts in drug development for early identification of side effects to use the resources more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Cakir
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Eyupsultan, Turkey
| | - Melisa Tuncer
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Eyupsultan, Turkey
| | - Hilal Taymaz-Nikerel
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Eyupsultan, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ulucan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Eyupsultan, Turkey.
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Su M, Chen Y, Qi S, Shi D, Feng L, Sun D. A Mini-Review on Cell Cycle Regulation of Coronavirus Infection. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:586826. [PMID: 33251267 PMCID: PMC7674852 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.586826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are widespread in nature and infect humans, mammals and poultry. They cause harm to humans and animals. Virus-mediated cell cycle arrest is an essential strategy for viral survival and proliferation in the host cells. A clarification system of the mechanisms of virus-induced cell cycle arrest is highly desirable to promote the development of antiviral therapies. In this review, molecular mechanisms of coronavirus-induced cell cycle arrest were systematically summarized. Moreover, the common features of coronavirus-mediated cell cycle arrest were discussed. This review will provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the infection mechanisms and prevention of coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Su
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Da Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Shen Z, Yang Y, Yang S, Zhang G, Xiao S, Fu ZF, Peng G. Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080812. [PMID: 32731335 PMCID: PMC7472224 DOI: 10.3390/v12080812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) is only characterized in alphacoronaviruses (α-CoVs) and betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). There have been extensive researches on how the β-CoVs nsp1 regulates viral virulence by inhibiting host protein synthesis, but the regulatory mechanism of the α-CoVs nsp1 is still unclear. Here, we report the 2.1-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in emerging porcine SADS-CoV and the 1.8-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in the highly lethal cat FIPV. Although they belong to different subtypes of α-CoVs, these viruses all have a bucket-shaped fold composed of six β-sheets, similar to the crystal structure of PEDV and TGEV nsp1. Comparing the above four structures, we found that the structure of α-CoVs nsp1 in the same subtype was more conserved. We then selected mammalian cells that were treated with SADS-CoV and FIPV nsp1 for RNA sequencing analysis and found that nsp1 had a specific inhibitory effect on interferon (IFN) and cell cycle genes. Using the Renilla luciferase (Rluc) assay and Western blotting, we confirmed that seven representative α-CoVs nsp1s could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT1-S727 and interfere with the effect of IFN-I. Moreover, the cell cycle experiment confirmed that α-CoVs nsp1 could encourage host cells to stay in the G0/G1 phase. Based on these findings, we not only greatly improved the crystal structure data on α-CoVs nsp1, but we also speculated that α-CoVs nsp1 regulated host proliferation and immune evasion-related biological functions by inhibiting the synthesis of host proteins, thus creating an environment conducive to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.F.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.F.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.F.F.)
| | - Guangxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.F.F.)
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.F.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.F.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.F.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-0170
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