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Duan S, Cao Y, Chen P, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Circulating and intestinal regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 43:83-94. [PMID: 37615427 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2249525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important immunosuppressive role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, findings on the quantitative and functional changes of intestinal and circulating Tregs in patients with IBD are rather contradictory. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis on this issue. The pooled effect was assessed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate heterogeneity. This analysis included 764 IBD (402 UC and 362 CD) patients and 341 healthy controls (HCs) pooled from 17 eligible studies. The percentage of circulating Tregs was significantly decreased in active IBD patients compared to HCs (SMD = -0.95, p < 0.001) and inactive IBD patients (SMD = -0.80, p < 0.001). There was no difference in the percentage of circulating Tregs between inactive IBD patients and HCs. The suppressive function of circulating Tregs was impaired in active IBD patients according to limited data (SMD = -0.75, p = 0.02). Besides, the percentage of intestinal Tregs was significantly higher in inflamed regions than in non-inflamed regions (SMD = 0.85, p < 0.001). Our study quantitatively summarized the quantitative and functional changes of Tregs and supported the therapeutic potential of Tregs in IBD. Moreover, additional research into the functions and characteristics of intestinal Tregs in IBD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingrun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Clinical Significance of Negative Costimulatory Molecule PD-1/PD-L1 on Peripheral Blood Regulatory T Cell Levels among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:7526501. [PMID: 36035072 PMCID: PMC9410994 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7526501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of negative costimulatory molecules programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on CD4+CD25+CD127low regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods. A total of 30 patients with active pulmonary TB and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. The proportions of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs and the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs were detected among active pulmonary TB patients using flow cytometry. The associations of proportions of CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs with the demographic and clinical characteristics of active pulmonary TB patients were evaluated, and the correlation between PD-1/PD-L1 expression and proportions of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs was examined among patients with active pulmonary TB using Pearson correlation analysis. Results. Flow cytometry detected a significantly higher proportion of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs in the TB group than in the control group (9.14% ± 2.66% vs. 6.39% ± 1.73%; t = 4.067,
), and a higher proportion of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs among active pulmonary TB patients with a positive anti-M. tuberculosis antibody than in those with a negative antibody (Figure 2(a)); however, there were no gender, M. tuberculosis culture, tuberculin test, CT examination, or sputum smear test-specific proportions of CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs among patients with active pulmonary TB. The PD-1 (6.13% ± 3.53% vs. 24.78% ± 7.73%,
) and PD-L1 levels (2.97% ± 2.00% vs. 9.23% ± 5.76%,
) were lower on peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs among the TB group than in the control group. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs among patients with active pulmonary TB (r = 0.435,
) and a negative correlation between the proportion of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs and PD-1 (r = ‒0.344,
) and PD-L1 expression among patients with active pulmonary TB (r = ‒0.310,
). Conclusion. The proportion of CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs is higher in patients with active pulmonary TB than in healthy controls, and the negative costimulatory signal PD-1/PD-L1 expression is downregulated among active pulmonary TB patients. Our findings provide insights into the illustration of pathogenic mechanisms and immunotherapy of active pulmonary TB.
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are distinctive sites exposed to environmental, dietary, and microbial antigens. Particularly in the gut, the host continuously actively adapts via complex interactions between the microbiota and dietary compounds and immune and other tissue cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for tuning the intestinal immune response to self- and non-self-antigens in the intestine. Its importance in intestinal homeostasis is illustrated by the onset of overt inflammation caused by deficiency in Treg generation, function, or stability in the gut. A substantial imbalance in Tregs has been observed in intestinal tissue during pathogenic conditions, when a tightly regulated and equilibrated system becomes dysregulated and leads to unimpeded and chronic immune responses. In this chapter, we compile and critically discuss the current knowledge on the key factors that promote Treg-mediated tolerance in the gut, such as those involved in intestinal Treg differentiation, specificity and suppressive function, and their immunophenotype during health and disease. We also discuss the current state of knowledge on Treg dysregulation in human intestine during pathological states such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), and how that knowledge is guiding development of Treg-targeted therapies to treat or prevent intestinal disorders.
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Libera J, Wittner M, Kantowski M, Woost R, Eberhard JM, de Heer J, Reher D, Huber S, Haag F, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Decreased Frequency of Intestinal CD39 + γδ + T Cells With Tissue-Resident Memory Phenotype in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567472. [PMID: 33072107 PMCID: PMC7541837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 play a major role in controlling tissue inflammation by regulating the balance between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine. Still, little is known about the role of these two enzymes and ATP and its metabolites in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We isolated mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and lamina propria of the large intestine of patients diagnosed with IBD and of healthy volunteers. We then comprehensively analyzed the CD39 and CD73 expression patterns together with markers of activation (HLA-DR, CD38), differentiation (CCR7, CD45RA) and tissue-residency (CD69, CD103, CD49a) on CD4+, CD8+, γδ+ T cells and mucosa-associated invariant T cells using flow cytometry. CD39 expression levels of γδ+ and CD8+ T cells in lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were much higher compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, the frequency of CD39+ CD4+ and CD8+, but not γδ+ LPL positively correlated with T-cell activation. The frequency of CD39+ cells among tissue-resident memory LPL (Trm) was higher compared to non-Trm for all subsets, confirming that CD39 is a marker for the tissue-resident memory phenotype. γδ+ Trm also showed a distinct cytokine profile upon stimulation – the frequency of IFN-γ+ and IL-17A+ cells was significantly lower in γδ+ Trm compared to non-Trm. Interestingly, we observed a decreased frequency of CD39+ γδ+ T cells in IBD patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0049). Prospective studies need to elucidate the exact role of this novel CD39+ γδ+ T-cell population with tissue-resident memory phenotype and its possible contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Libera
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Wittner
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Kantowski
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Woost
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Eberhard
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jocelyn de Heer
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Reher
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg Lübeck Borstel Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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Liu Y, Qi G, Bellanti JA, Moser R, Ryffel B, Zheng SG. Regulatory T cells: A potential weapon to combat COVID-19? MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:157-164. [PMID: 32838397 PMCID: PMC7436572 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 began to spread, an infection disease termed COVID-19. The virus has spread throughout the world in a short period of time, resulting in a pandemic. The number of reported cases in global reached 5 695 596 including 352 460 deaths, as of May 27, 2020. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for COVID-19, various strategies are being tested. Recently, pathologic studies conducted by two teams in China revealed immunopathologic abnormalities in lung tissue. These results have implications for immunotherapy that could offer a novel therapy strategy for combating lethal viral pneumonia. This review discusses the clinical and pathological features of COVID-19, the roles of immune cells in pathological processes, and the possible avenues for induction of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells attenuating lung inflammation due to viral infection. It is our hope that these proposals may both be helpful in understanding the novel features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia as well as providing new immunological strategies for treating the severe sequelae of disease manifestations seen in people infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical ImmunologySun Yat‐sen University Third Affiliated HospitalGuangzhouP. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental RegulationGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinP. R. China
| | - Guangying Qi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental RegulationGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinP. R. China
| | - Joseph A. Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology‐ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - René Moser
- Institute for Biopharmaceutical ResearchMatzingenSwitzerland
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM)UMR 7355 INEMCNRS‐University of OrleansOrleansFrance
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal MedicineOhio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Medical CenterColumbusOhio
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Mirzakhani M, Khalili A, Shahbazi M, Abediankenari S, Ebrahimpour S, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M. Under-expression of microRNA-146a and 21 and their association with Crohn's disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2020; 39:405-410. [PMID: 32949355 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and are involved in the immune response. Excessive immune response to the gut microbiota plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Regarding the role of miRNAs in immune response, this study aimed to investigate the contribution of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of CD. A total of 53 participants, including 23 CD patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-31, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181a, and miR-181c were evaluated via TaqMan MicroRNA Assays. Among the eight miRNAs, the amounts of miR-146a and miR-21 were significantly decreased in the CD patients relative to HC subjects. Moreover, we showed that there was a negative correlation between miR-146a and Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI), as well as a positive correlation of miR-21 and miR-29b with HBI. Under-expression of miR-146a and miR-21, which are critical for the regulatory function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), is remarkably associated with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirzakhani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooz Street, Babol, IR, Iran.,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooz Street, Babol, IR, Iran
| | - Ali Khalili
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooz Street, Babol, IR, Iran.,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooz Street, Babol, IR, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR, Iran
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooz Street, Babol, IR, Iran. .,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooz Street, Babol, IR, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooz Street, Babol, IR, Iran.
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