Update on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) - review

Kaposi's Sarcoma. A Case Report

AIM

The aim of this case report is to present the case of a patient with iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma afflicting several organs, ocular manifestation.

CASE REPORT

In a 74-year-old kidney transplant patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy, iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) developed in both lower eyelids. Subsequently, KS was confirmed in the region of the left forearm, with suspicion of lesions in the lungs. The ocular tumor was surgically removed with negative margins, requiring no further therapy. The lesion on the left forearm was completely excised. The patient underwent radiotherapy for the lung lesions, and immunosuppressive therapy was reduced.

CONCLUSION

The case highlights the importance of early identification of KS, its histological verification, radical resection, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Knowledge of the epidemiology of this condition is a key factor in determining the correct diagnosis.

Shiftless Restricts Viral Gene Expression and Influences RNA Granule Formation during Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication

In the past 5 years, SHFL has emerged as a novel and integral piece of the innate immune response to viral infection. SHFL has been reported to restrict the replication of multiple viruses, including several flaviviruses and the retrovirus HIV-1.

Seroprevalence and molecular diversity of Human Herpesvirus 8 among people living with HIV in Brazzaville, Congo

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is endemic in Africa, although studies of this infection are rare in Congo. We evaluated seroprevalence and HHV-8 diversity among people living with HIV. We included 353 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antibodies against HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. In HHV-8 positive patients, we performed HHV-8 quantification in blood and saliva by real-time PCR and typing by Sanger sequencing of K1 open reading frame. HHV-8 seroprevalence was 19%, being male (odd ratio [OR] = 1.741, [95% Confidence interval {CI}, 0.97-3.07]; p = 0.0581) and having multiple sex partners before HIV diagnosis (OR = 1.682, [CI 95%, 0.97-2.92]; p = 0.0629) tended to be associated with HHV-8 seropositivity. Of the 64 HHV-8 seropositive patients, HHV-8 DNA was detected in 10 (16%) in saliva, 6 (9%) in whole-blood and in 2 (3%) in both whole-blood and saliva. Three out of 6 HHV-8 strains were subtypes A5, 2 subtype B1 and 1 subtype C. HHV-8 seroprevalence was relatively low with more frequent carriage in men, associated with asymptomatic oral excretion and a predominance of subtype A5. These data tend to support the hypothesis of horizontal transmission in people living with HIV in Brazzaville.