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Paśko P, Galanty A, Ramos-Zambrano E, Ayala ALM, Delgado E, Argasińska JG, Zagrodzki P, Podsiadły R, Deutsch J, Gorinstein S. Pseudocereal Oils, Authenticated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and their Chemopreventive Properties. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:151-158. [PMID: 38231454 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat are the representatives of pseudocereals, different parts and by-products of which are used in daily nutrition and food processing industry. However, only scarce information exists on the bioactivity of their oils. Thus, oils obtained from amaranth, buckwheat, and red, yellow, and white quinoa seeds were evaluated in terms of their nutritional (fatty acid profile, squalene), cytotoxic (against normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal, prostate, and skin cells), anti-inflammatory and antiradical (interleukin 6, TNF-alpha, nitric oxide, DPPH, Total phenolics, and superoxide dismutase) potential in the in vitro model. Linoleic (42.9-52.5%) and oleic (22.5-31.1%) acids were the two main unsaturated, while palmitic acid (4.9-18.6%) was the major saturated fatty acid in all evaluated oils. Squalene was identified in all evaluated oils with the highest content in amaranth oil (7.6 g/100 g), and the lowest in buckwheat oil (2.1 g/100 g). The evaluated oils exerted a high direct cytotoxic impact on cancer cells of different origins, but also revealed anti-inflammatory and antiradical potentials. Yellow quinoa oil was the most active, especially toward skin (A375; IC50 6.3 µg/mL), gastrointestinal (HT29 IC50 4.9 µg/mL), and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP IC50 7.6 µg/mL). The observed differences in the activity between the oils from the tested quinoa varieties deserve further studies. High selectivity of the oils was noted, which indicates their safety to normal cells. The obtained results indicate that the oils are good candidates for functional foods with perspective chemopreventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Emilia Ramos-Zambrano
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Mexico
| | | | - Efren Delgado
- Food Science and Technology, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, New Mexico, USA
- Center of Excellence in Sustainable Food and Agricultural Systems, New Mexico State University, New Mexico, USA
| | - Joanna Gdula- Argasińska
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Podsiadły
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Joseph Deutsch
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Sheng YY, Xiang J, Wang KR, Li ZY, Li K, Lu JL, Ye JH, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Extraction of Squalene From Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis) and Its Variations With Leaf Maturity and Tea Cultivar. Front Nutr 2022; 9:755514. [PMID: 35223940 PMCID: PMC8866563 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.755514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squalene is a precursor of steroids with diverse bioactivities. Tea was previously found to contain squalene, but its variation between tea cultivars remains unknown. In this study, tea leaf squalene sample preparation was optimized and the squalene variation among 30 tea cultivars was investigated. It shows that squalene in the unsaponified tea leaf extracts was well separated on gas chromatography profile. Saponification led to a partial loss of squalene in tea leaf extract and so it is not an essential step for preparing squalene samples from tea leaves. The tea leaf squalene content increased with the maturity of tea leaf and the old leaves grown in the previous year had the highest level of squalene among the tested samples. The squalene levels in the old leaves of the 30 tested cultivars differentiated greatly, ranging from 0.289 to 3.682 mg/g, in which cultivar “Pingyun” had the highest level of squalene. The old tea leaves and pruned littering, which are not used in tea production, are an alternative source for natural squalene extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yue Sheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Rong Wang
- Forest Technology Extension Center, Ningbo Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau, Ningbo, China
| | - Ze Yu Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Rong Liang
| | - Xin Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Xin Qiang Zheng
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Ali AMM, Bavisetty SCB, Prodpran T, Benjakul S. Squalene from Fish Livers Extracted by Ultrasound‐Assisted Direct
In Situ
Saponification: Purification and Molecular Characteristics. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Muhammed Moula Ali
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro‐IndustryPrince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | | | - Thummanoon Prodpran
- Department of Material Product Technology, Faculty of Agro‐IndustryPrince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro‐IndustryPrince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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