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Singh D, Singh R, Akindele AJ. Therapeutic potential of nicorandil beyond anti-anginal drug: A review on current and future perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28922. [PMID: 38617945 PMCID: PMC11015415 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicorandil (NIC) is a well-known anti-anginal agent, which has been recommended as one of the second-line treatments for chronic stable angina as justified by the European guidelines. It shows an efficacy equivalent to that of classic anti-anginal agents. NIC has also been used clinically in various cardiovascular diseases such as variant or unstable angina and reperfusion-induced damage following coronary angioplasty or thrombolysis. Different mechanisms have been involved in the protective effects of nicorandil in various diseases, including opening of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel and donation of nitric oxide (NO). In recent years, NIC has been found to show numerous pharmacological activities such as neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and testicular protective effects, among other beneficial effects on the body. The present review dwells on the pharmacological potentials of NIC beyond its anti-anginal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Singh
- M.M College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Departments of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| | - Abidemi James Akindele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
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Jiang X, Wu D, Jiang Z, Ling W, Qian G. Protective Effect of Nicorandil on Cardiac Microvascular Injury: Role of Mitochondrial Integrity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4665632. [PMID: 34285763 PMCID: PMC8275446 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4665632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A major shortcoming of postischemic therapy for myocardial infarction is the no-reflow phenomenon due to impaired cardiac microvascular function including microcirculatory barrier function, loss of endothelial activity, local inflammatory cell accumulation, and increased oxidative stress. Consequently, inadequate reperfusion of the microcirculation causes secondary ischemia, aggravating the myocardial reperfusion injury. ATP-sensitive potassium ion (KATP) channels regulate the coronary blood flow and protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies in animal models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion have illustrated that the opening of mitochondrial KATP (mito-KATP) channels alleviates endothelial dysfunction and reduces myocardial necrosis. By contrast, blocking mito-KATP channels aggravates microvascular necrosis and no-reflow phenomenon following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nicorandil, as an antianginal drug, has been used for ischemic preconditioning (IPC) due to its mito-KATP channel-opening effect, thereby limiting infarct size and subsequent severe ischemic insult. In this review, we analyze the protective actions of nicorandil against microcirculation reperfusion injury with a focus on improving mitochondrial integrity. In addition, we discuss the function of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zichao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Harb IA, Ashour H, Sabry D, El-Yasergy DF, Hamza WM, Mostafa A. Nicorandil prevents the nephrotoxic effect of cyclosporine-A in albino rats through modulation of HIF-1α/VEGF/eNOS signaling. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:411-417. [PMID: 32822562 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite that cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressive drug, its nephrotoxic effect limits its long-term administration. Herein we tried to investigate its renal effect on endothelial dysfunction targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) / vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) / endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway and the possible modulation by nicorandil. Eight groups of adult male Wistar rats were included: (1) control; (2) vehicle group (received oil); (3) glibenclamide 5 mg·kg-1·day-1 administered orally; (4) nicorandil 10 mg·kg-1·day-1 administered orally; (5) CsA 25 mg·kg-1·day-1 administered orally; (6) combined administration of CsA and nicorandil; (7) glibenclamide was added to CsA; and (8) both CsA and nicorandil were combined with glibenclamide. The treatment continued for six weeks. Combined nicorandil with CsA improved renal function deterioration initiated by CsA. CsA decreased the renal expression levels (P < 0.001) of HIF-1α, eNOS, and VEGF, inducing endothelial dysfunction and triggering inflammation, and upregulated the profibrotic marker transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Nicorandil fixed the disturbed HIF-1α/VEGF/eNOS signaling. Nicorandil corrected the renal functions, confirmed by the improved histological glomerular tuft retraction that was obvious in the CsA group, without significant influence by glibenclamide. Proper protection from CsA-induced nephrotoxicity was achieved by nicorandil. Nicorandil reversed the disturbed HIF-1α/VEGF/eNOS pathway created by CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Harb
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Ashour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Fawzy El-Yasergy
- Department of Pathology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael Mostafa Hamza
- Department of Pathology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Mostafa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rezvanfar MA, Saadat S, Shojaei Saadi HA, Mansoori P, Saeedi S, Gooshe M, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pentoxifylline's beneficial effects in experimental polycystic ovary. Theriogenology 2015; 83:968-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ovarian aging-like phenotype in the hyperandrogenism-induced murine model of polycystic ovary. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:948951. [PMID: 24693338 PMCID: PMC3945218 DOI: 10.1155/2014/948951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are prominently similar symptoms, effectors, and commonalities in the majority of characteristics between ovarian aging and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Despite the approved role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PCOS and aging, to our knowledge, the link between the PCO(S) and aging has not been investigated yet. In this study we investigated the possible exhibition of ovarian aging phenotype in murine model of PCO induced by daily oral administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg body weight) for 21 consecutive days in the female Wistar rats. Hyperandrogenization showed irregular cycles and histopathological characteristics of PCO which was associated with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum and ovary. Moreover, serum testosterone, insulin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, and ovarian matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were increased in PCO rats compared with healthy controls, while estradiol and progesterone diminished. Almost all of these findings are interestingly found to be common with the characteristics identified with (ovarian) aging showing that hyperandrogenism-induced PCO in rat is associated with ovarian aging-like phenotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report that provides evidence regarding the phenomenon of aging in PCO.
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Esmaily H, Sanei Y, Abdollahi M. Autoantibodies and an immune-based rat model of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:7569-7576. [PMID: 24282347 PMCID: PMC3837255 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i43.7569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not yet fully defined. From a vast body of literature, we know that the immune response has long been involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, including both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. A variety of specific alterations can lead to immune activation and inflammation directed to the colon, as revealed by some animal models. Current research has focused on the role of antibodies in downstream events and mechanisms of autoimmunity and inflammation. It is not well known whether the production of antibodies is a serologic consequence of IBD, or if it is a result of barrier dysfunction induced by inflammation. Here, we present a new hypothesis to distinguish the complex links between genetic susceptibility, barrier dysfunction, commensal and pathologic microbial factors and inflammatory response (especially autoantibodies) in the pathogenesis of IBD. To ascertain the hypothesis, we developed a pilot model with the concept of the presence of antibodies against enteric bacterial antigens in IBD. Results confirmed our hypothesis. Our hypothesis suggests the possibility of subcutaneous vaccination of animals with administration of all or specific enteric bacterial antigens.
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Fakhfouri G, Rahimian R, Hashemi S, Rasouli MR, Bahremand A, Mehr SE, Khorramizadeh MR, Dehpour AR. Sildenafil attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats: possible involvement of cGMP and KATP channels. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 26:190-3. [PMID: 21777273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of cGMP/KATP pathway in effects of sildenafil on experimental colitis was investigated. Sildenafil significantly attenuated colonic injury markers. These effects were reversed by the addition of glibenclamide or ODQ, indicating the involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) and cGMP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saadatzadeh A, Atyabi F, Fazeli MR, Dinarvand R, Jamalifar H, Abdolghaffari AH, Mahdaviani P, Mahbod M, Baeeri M, Baghaei A, Mohammadirad A, Abdollahi M. Biochemical and pathological evidences on the benefit of a new biodegradable nanoparticles of probiotic extract in murine colitis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:589-98. [PMID: 21771055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficacy of probiotics in the management of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been approved in the recent years. In the present work, the efficacy of a new biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) of encapsulated and lyophilized probiotic extract (LPE) was examined in murine colitis. Colitis was induced by rectal instillation of trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid to male Wistar rats. The safety and effective dose of LPE was determined in a pilot study. To ease delivery into colon, LPE was encapsulated in chitosan-coated-poly (lactide co glycolide acid) NPs. After induction of colitis, animals in different groups received test compound in three doses by gavage for 10 days. Groups of sham, control (saline), and standard (dexamethasone) were also assigned. Colonic pathological examination, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interlukin (IL)-1β, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were performed. LPE at all doses (273, 545, and 1100 mg/kg) had positive effects in reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, LPO, and MPO in a dose-dependent manner. The formulated compound containing medium dose of LPE was more efficient in mitigating the experimental colitis in comparison with that of high-dose LPE. It is concluded that LPE and its nanoparticle-encapsulated form are very much effective in control of colitis. Regarding safety of this compound, further studies can be conducted in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrooz Saadatzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Daneshmand A, Mohammadi H, Rahimian R, Habibollahi P, Fakhfouri G, Talab SS, Mehr SE, Dehpour AR. Chronic lithium administration ameliorates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats; potential role for adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channels. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26:1174-81. [PMID: 21401719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multi-factorial disease with an unknown etiology characterized by oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration and a rise in inflammatory cytokines. This study was conducted to investigate lithium in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic model of experimental IBD, and the contribution of potassium channels as a possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Experimental IBD was induced in rats by a single colonic administration of 10 mg of TNBS. Lithium, Glibenclamide (a potassium channel blocker), Lithium + Glibenclamide, Cromakalim or Lithium+Glibenclamide+ Cromakalim were given twice daily for 7 successive days. At the end of the experiment, macroscopic and histopathologic scores, colonic malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as plasma lithium level were assessed. RESULTS Both macroscopic and histological features of colonic injury were markedly ameliorated by lithium. Likewise, the elevated amounts of MPO and MDA were diminished as well as those of TNF-α (P < 0.05). Glibenclamide reversed the effect of lithium on these markers, Addition of cromakalim abrogated the effects mediated by glibenclamide and markedly decreased MPO activity, MDA level and TNF-α content (P < 0.0.05). Macroscopic and microscopic scores and biochemical markers were significantly decreased in Cromakalim-treated animals. No significant difference was observed between TNBS and Glibenclamide groups. CONCLUSION Lithium exerts prominent anti-inflammatory effects on TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Potassium channels contribute to these beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Daneshmand
- Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Improvement of inflammatory and toxic stress biomarkers by silymarin in a murine model of type one diabetes mellitus. Open Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-009-0014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by an impairment of the insulin-secreting beta cells with an immunologic base. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, and free radicals are believed to play key roles in destruction of pancreatic β cells. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Silybum marianum seed extract (silymarin), a combination of several flavonolignans with immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM in mouse. Experimental T1DM was induced in male albino mice by IV injection of multiplelow- doses of STZ for 5 days. Seventy-two male mice in separate groups received various doses of silymarin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) concomitant or after induction of diabetes for 21 days. Blood glucose and pancreatic biomarkers of inflammation and toxic stress (IL-1β, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, thiol molecules, and total antioxidant capacity) were determined. Silymarin treatment reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β and oxidative stress mediators like myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, carbonyl and thiol content of pancreatic tissue in an almost dose dependent manner. No marked difference between the prevention of T1DM and the reversion of this disease by silymarin was found. Use of silymarin seems to be helpful in T1DM when used as pretreatment or treatment. Benefit of silymarin in human T1DM remains to be elucidated by clinical trials.
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On the benefits of silymarin in murine colitis by improving balance of destructive cytokines and reduction of toxic stress in the bowel cells. Open Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-008-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease with an unknown etiology characterized by oxidative stress, leucocyte infiltration and a rise in inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we have investigated the effects of silymarin, a mixture of several flavonolignans with established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Experimental colitis was induced in male Wistar-albino rats by delivering TNBS to the distal colon. All the medicines were administered by gavage for seven days. Thirty-six male rats were divided into six groups containing six rats in each one. Control rats received only TNBS. In the treated groups, animals were given different doses of silymarin (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg). Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) was used as the positive treatment. Colonic status was investigated seven days post induction of colitis through macroscopic, histological, and biochemical analyses. Amelioration of the morphological signs including macroscopic damage, necrotic area, and histology were seen subsequent to treating animals with silymarin. These observations were accompanied by a significant reduction in the degree of both neutrophil infiltration, indicated by decreased myeloperoxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation, as measured by a decline in malodialdehyde content in inflamed colon as well as a decrease in levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). The results of the present study reveal that the beneficial effect of silymarin in bowel cells is mediated through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
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