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D'Azeredo Orlando MT, Galvão ES, Passamai JL, Zordan AB, Orlando CGP, Oliveira JP, Gouvea SA, Ribeiro FND, Dos Santos Alves TPD, Soares J. Physicochemical characterization of monazite sand and its associated bacterial species from the beaches of southeastern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11815-11830. [PMID: 34550521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Beaches with monazitic sands show high natural radiation, and the knowledge of this radiation is fundamental to simulate the effects of natural terrestrial radiation on biological systems. Monazite-rich sand from a beach in the southeastern Brazil were collected and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility. The natural terrestrial radiation of the beach sand showed a positive correlation with the Th and Y elements, which are closely associated with Ce, Nd, Ca, and P, suggesting that this grouping is mainly associated with local natural radiation. Based on the sand characterization, a physical simulator of natural gamma radiation was built with parameters similar to those of the monazite beach sand, considering areas with high natural radiation levels. The simulation revealed that the natural radiation of the monazite sands has a significant effect on reducing the growth of the bacteria strains of E. coli and S. aureus present in the beach sand, with a reduction of 23.8% and 18.4%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tadeu D'Azeredo Orlando
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Elson Silva Galvão
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
| | - José Luis Passamai
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Alan Bragança Zordan
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Cintia Garrido Pinheiro Orlando
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Jairo Pinto Oliveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Sonia Alves Gouvea
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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Morgan RN, Farrag HA, Aboulwafa MM, Saleh SE. "Effect of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Some Antibiotics and Low Doses of Gamma Radiation on the Cytotoxicity and Expression of Colibactin by an Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolate". Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:544-557. [PMID: 33388934 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colibactin and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (Cnf 1) are cyclomodulins secreted by uropathogenic E. coli. In this study, uropathogenic E. coli expressing colibactin and Cnf 1 was exposed to antibiotics subMICs and gamma radiation to investigate their effects on its cytotoxicity and expression of colibactin. The test isolate was exposed to three subMIC levels of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ceftriaxone and irradiated with gamma rays at 10 and 24.4 Gy. The cytotoxicity for either antibiotic or gamma rays treated cultures was measured using MTT assay and the expression of colibactin encoding genes was determined by RT-PCR. Treatment with fluoroquinolones nearly abolished the cytotoxicity of E. coli isolate and significantly downregulated clbA gene expression at the tested subMICs (P ≤ 0.05) while trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treated cultures exerted significant downregulation of clbA and clbQ genes at 0.5 MIC only (P ≤ 0.05). Ceftriaxone treated cultured exhibited reduction in the cytotoxicity and insignificant effects on expression of clbA, clbQ and clbM genes. On contrast, significant upregulation in the expression of clbA and clbQ genes was observed in irradiated cultures (P ≤ 0.05). Fluoroquinolones reduced both the cytotoxicity of UPEC isolate and colibactin expression at different subMICs while ceftriaxone at subMICs failed to suppress the expression of genotoxin, colibactin, giving an insight to the risks associated upon their choice for UTI treatment. Colibactin expression was enhanced by gamma irradiation at doses resembling these received during pelvic radiotherapy which might contribute to post-radiotherapy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa N Morgan
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Drug Radiation Research Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr city, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
| | - Hala A Farrag
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Drug Radiation Research Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr city, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Aboulwafa
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African union organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Ras-Sedr, Egypt.
| | - Sarra E Saleh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African union organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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