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Bizuneh S, Fentahun S, Lema G, Azaje A. Chronic California herbal tea use causing biopsy-proven Melanosis coli. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241242597. [PMID: 38585420 PMCID: PMC10999121 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241242597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanosis coli is a dark to brown pigmentation of the colon due to lipofuscin deposition within the cytoplasm of cells. It is a benign condition associated with excessive use of laxatives, particularly those that are anthracene derivatives and common herbal remedies like Cassia Angustifolla (senna). It is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during colonoscopy or histopathologic evaluation. We present a case of a 56-year-old male patient who presented with diarrhea of 3 months duration, which started after he began to use California herbal tea for his constipation. Colonoscopic evaluation revealed an intense pigmentation throughout the colon suggestive of Melanosis coli, which was confirmed on histopathology. In patients with prolonged use of California herbal tea and dark to brown pigmentations of colonic mucosa on colonoscopy, there should be a high index of suspicion for Melanosis coli. And patients should be aware of the risk of developing Melanosis coli following prolonged herbal tea use. The findings presented in our case are in support of few previous literature that showed relations between chronic herbal tea use and Melanosis coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segenet Bizuneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Shibabaw Fentahun
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Gebrehiwot Lema
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Andinet Azaje
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
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Zhong W, Sun B, Ruan H, Yang G, Qian B, Cao H, He L, Fan Y, Roberts AG, Liu X, Hu X, Liang Y, Ye Q, Yin T, Wang B, Yang C, Sun T, Zhou H. Deglycosylated Azithromycin Targets Transgelin to Enhance Intestinal Smooth Muscle Function. iScience 2020; 23:101464. [PMID: 32889431 PMCID: PMC7479357 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM) has been widely used as an antibacterial drug for many years. It has also been used to treat delayed gastric emptying. However, it exerts several side effects. We found that deglycosylated AZM (Deg-AZM or CP0119), an AZM metabolite, is a positively strong intestinal agonist that may result in the intestinal mobility experienced by patients after AZM administration. We confirmed that Deg-AZM can function strongly on intestinal peristalsis and identified transgelin as its potential molecular target. Furthermore, our pharmacological studies showed that the binding of Deg-AZM to transgelin enhanced the contractility of intestinal smooth muscle cells by facilitating the assembly of actin filaments into tight bundles and stress fibers. Specifically, Deg-AZM promoted intestinal peristaltic activity in wild-type mice but not in transgelin (-/-) mice. Moreover, Deg-AZM did not exert antibacterial activity and did not disrupt intestinal flora. Thus, Deg-AZM may become a potential drug for slow-transit constipation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Baoxin Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Lingfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yunjing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Arthur G. Roberts
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xuejiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Tingting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
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Chen J, Li S, Liu M, Lam CWK, Li Z, Xu X, Chen Z, Zhang W, Yao M. Bioconcentration and Metabolism of Emodin in Zebrafish Eleutheroembryos. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:453. [PMID: 28744218 PMCID: PMC5504456 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a major active anthraquinone of various herbal laxatives, which can exert many pharmacological effects. However, chronic use of anthranoid laxatives, even at low dosages, may cause melanosis coli (MC). It has been suggested that the accumulation of anthraquinones is a risk factor in the MC process. To investigate the accumulation of emodin, we conducted a bioconcentration study of emodin in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. Based on the economic cooperation and development (OECD) 305 test, zebrafish eleutheroembryos were exposed to emodin at a constant concentration for 48 h, before the test media were replaced by the blank medium for 24 h of depuration. To eliminate the effect of metabolism of emodin for assessment of the bioconcentration factor (BCF), we also conducted a modified test for which zebrafish eleutheroembryos were exposed to the non-renewed test media, whose emodin concentration decreased with time. At different exposure time points, zebrafish eleutheroembryos and exposure media were sampled for analysis of emodin concentration using HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed rapid accumulation of emodin in zebrafish eleutheroembryos to reach a steady-state concentration within 24 h. Meanwhile, emodin was actively metabolized by zebrafish eleutheroembryos to result in 29.5–40.7% of its elimination. In the groups with high or low concentrations of emodin, the standardized BCF (sBCF) values in the standard test were 24.0 and 20.0, while those in the modified test were 50.4 and 52.0. These results showed that emodin could accumulate in zebrafish eleutheroembryos when used for 48 h and beyond, suggesting that the accumulation of anthraquinones may be a risk factor in the MC process. Accordingly, emodin should be unsuitable for long-term use due to its accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Shaodong Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Mengping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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