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Zumuk CP, Jones MK, Navarro S, Gray DJ, You H. Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1707. [PMID: 38338980 PMCID: PMC10855202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Control of schistosomiasis japonica, endemic in Asia, including the Philippines, China, and Indonesia, is extremely challenging. Schistosoma japonicum is a highly pathogenic helminth parasite, with disease arising predominantly from an immune reaction to entrapped parasite eggs in tissues. Females of this species can generate 1000-2200 eggs per day, which is about 3- to 15-fold greater than the egg output of other schistosome species. Bovines (water buffalo and cattle) are the predominant definitive hosts and are estimated to generate up to 90% of parasite eggs released into the environment in rural endemic areas where these hosts and humans are present. Here, we highlight the necessity of developing veterinary transmission-blocking vaccines for bovines to better control the disease and review potential vaccine candidates. We also point out that the approach to producing efficacious transmission-blocking animal-based vaccines before moving on to human vaccines is crucial. This will result in effective and feasible public health outcomes in agreement with the One Health concept to achieve optimum health for people, animals, and the environment. Indeed, incorporating a veterinary-based transmission vaccine, coupled with interventions such as human mass drug administration, improved sanitation and hygiene, health education, and snail control, would be invaluable to eliminating zoonotic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika P. Zumuk
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Severine Navarro
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Darren J. Gray
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Hong You
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
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Lei N, Liu FC, Ren CP, Shen JJ, Liu M. An Efficient Schistosoma japonicum Bivalent Membrane Protein Antigen DNA Vaccine Against Schistosomiasis in Mice. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9319-9326. [PMID: 31811711 PMCID: PMC6916134 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is one of the most important infectious parasitic diseases in the world. The most important was to control schistosomiasis is through a combination of medical therapy and immunization. The membrane antigens Tsp2 and 29 from Schistosoma are promising anti-schistosomiasis vaccine candidates. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, the pcDNA3.1(+)-SjTsp2, pcDNA3.1(+)-Sj29, and pcDNA3.1 (+)-SjTsp2-29 eukaryotic expression vectors were successfully constructed as DNA vaccines, and the protective abilities of these vaccines were evaluated in mice. RESULTS The results showed that vaccination with SjTsp2, Sj29, and SjTsp2-29 reduced parasite burden and hepatic pathology compared to the control group, and the protective effect of the bivalent SjTsp2-29 DNA vaccine was better than that of the univalent SjTsp2 or Sj29 DNA vaccines. We also found high levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a against SjTsp2, Sj29, and SjTsp2-29 DNA vaccines, with high expression of IFN-γ and no IL-4 in the mice. CONCLUSIONS The double-membrane antigen DNA vaccine SjTsp2-29 elicited protection against Schistosoma infection and might serve as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Ping Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Jia Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Zhou Y, Zhang C, Lin J, Yang Y, Peng Y, Tang D, Zhao X, Zhu Y, Liu X. Over-expression of a glutamate dehydrogenase gene, MgGDH, from Magnaporthe grisea confers tolerance to dehydration stress in transgenic rice. PLANTA 2015; 241:727-40. [PMID: 25486886 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of a fungal NADP(H)-GDH gene ( MgGDH ) from Magnaporthe grisea can improve dehydration stress tolerance in rice by preventing toxic accumulation of ammonium. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.4.1.2 and EC 1.4.1.4) may act as a stress-responsive enzyme in detoxification of high intracellular ammonia and production of glutamate for proline synthesis under stress conditions. In present study, a fungal NADP(H)-GDH gene (MgGDH) from Magnaporthe grisea was over-expressed in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. 'kitaake'), and the transgenic plants showed the improvement of tolerance to dehydration stress. The kinetic analysis showed that His-TF-MgGDH preferentially utilizes ammonium to produce L-glutamate. Moreover, the affinity of His-TF-MgGDH for ammonium was dramatically higher than that of His-TF-OsGDH for ammonium. Over-expressing MgGDH transgenic rice plants showed lower water-loss rate and higher completely close stomata than the wild-type plants under dehydration stress conditions. In transgenic plants, the NADP(H)-GDH activities were markedly higher than those in wild-type plants and the amination activity was significantly higher than the deamination activity. Compared with wild-type plants, the transgenic plants accumulated much less NH4 (+) but higher amounts of glutamate, proline and soluble sugar under dehydration stress conditions. These results indicate that heterologous expression of MgGDH can prevent toxic accumulation of ammonium and in return improve dehydration stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbiao Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Pinheiro CS, Ribeiro APD, Cardoso FC, Martins VP, Figueiredo BCP, Assis NRG, Morais SB, Caliari MV, Loukas A, Oliveira SC. A multivalent chimeric vaccine composed of Schistosoma mansoni SmTSP-2 and Sm29 was able to induce protection against infection in mice. Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:303-12. [PMID: 24749785 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is a blood fluke parasite responsible for schistosomiasis. The best long-term strategy to control schistosomiasis is through immunization combined with drug treatment. In this study, we cloned, expressed and purified SmTSP-2 fused to the N- and C-terminal halves of Sm29 and tested these chimeras as vaccine candidates using an adjuvant approved to be used in humans. The results demonstrated that vaccination with SmTSP-2 fused to N- or C-terminus of Sm29-induced reduction in worm burden and liver pathology when compared to control animals. Additionally, we detected high levels of mouse-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a against both chimeras and significant amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α and no IL-4. Finally, studies with sera from patients resistant to infection and living in schistosomiasis endemic areas revealed high levels of specific IgG to both chimeras when compared to healthy individuals. In conclusion, SmTSP-2/Sm29 chimeras tested here induced partial protection against infection and might be a potential vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Departamento de Biointeração do Instituto de ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Wang X, Dai Y, Zhao S, Tang J, Li H, Xing Y, Qu G, Li X, Dai J, Zhu Y, Zhang X. PAMAM-Lys, a novel vaccine delivery vector, enhances the protective effects of the SjC23 DNA vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86578. [PMID: 24497955 PMCID: PMC3907433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public-health concern in China. Praziquantel-based chemotherapy effectively reduces both infections and intensity; however, it can not prevent re-infection. Furthermore, there is an increasing concern about praziquantel resistance following long-term repeated use of the drug in endemic areas. Therefore, development of a schistosomiasis vaccine, as a strategy to prevent and control schistosomiasis japonica, has been given high priority. The present study was conducted to develop PAMAM dendrimers as a novel vaccine delivery vector for a schistosomiasis japonica DNA vaccine and evaluate its ability to enhance protective effects against Schistosoma japonicum infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Lysine was used to modify 4.0G PAMAM, and the modified product PAMAM-Lys was synthesized. PAMAM-Lys showed both high transfection and low cytotocity for gene delivery in vitro. DNA vaccines combined with PAMAM-Lys produced higher level of protection compare with naked DNA vaccines against S. japonicum infection in a mouse model. Futhermore,antibodies from mice immunized with PAMAM-Lys combined DNA vaccines were significantly higher than those of mice immunized with the naked DNA vaccines. The PAMAM-Lys vector elicited a predominantly IgG2a antibody response and a tremendously increase in the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Lysine-modified PAMAM-Lys is an excellent vector. PAMAM-Lys may enhance the immunoreactivity of DNA vaccine and increase the protective effect of the SjC23 DNA vaccine against S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Jiangsu Stem Cell Key Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular Biology of Parasites, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular Biology of Parasites, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular Biology of Parasites, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular Biology of Parasites, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular Biology of Parasites, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuntian Xing
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular Biology of Parasites, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoli Qu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular Biology of Parasites, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinsong Li
- Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Laboratories, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianrong Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular Biology of Parasites, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinchang Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular Biology of Parasites, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (YCZ); (XGZ)
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Stem Cell Key Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YCZ); (XGZ)
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Liu HF, Li W, Lu MB, Yu LJ. Pharmacokinetics and risk evaluation of DNA vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:59-67. [PMID: 22990210 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA plasmid immunization is a novel approach of preventive and therapeutic vaccine. More than 100 DNA vaccines have been on preclinical or clinical phase trials, and four kinds of DNA vaccines for livestock have been approved by USDA, CFIA, and APVMA. Schistosomiasis is a worldwide parasitic disease, and vaccine immunization is supposed to be a promising approach to control the health crisis. On the basis of former preclinical studies, we further focused on the pharmacokinetics and risk evaluation of DNA vaccine in vivo. In the present study, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) report gene was fused with Schistosoma japonicum 23 kDa transmembrane protein antigen gene (Sj23) and constructed into DNA vaccine pVIVO2-Sj23.EGFP. After intramuscularly injecting 100 μg of purified DNA vaccine plasmid to immunizate BALB/c mice, we studied the tissue distribution of DNA plasmid and expressed Sj23.EGFP antigen, the persistence time of elicited antibodies, and the risk of DNA vaccine transferred into intestinal microorganisms. The results showed that DNA vaccine plasmid could be distributed into all tissues of the body after injection; however, only few organs including the injected muscle were detected DNA vaccine at postimmunization until the 100 days by PCR technology; the detection of green fluorescence protein displayed that DNA vaccine could be expressed in almost every tissue and organs; the ELISA assay indicated the immune antibody against Sj23 could persist over 70 days; and the DNA vaccine transferring intestinal flora results was negative. The results indicated that the DNA vaccine has systemic protection and long-lasting effectivity and is safe to intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
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Zhu L, Liu HF, Lu MB, Long QK, Shi YE, Yu LJ. Construction, purification, and evaluation of multivalent DNA vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:115-21. [PMID: 20852891 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccine encoding a multivalent antigen is a novel approach of protective immunization. Four Schistosoma japonicum candidate antigen genes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (SjGAPDH), 23 kDa transmembrane protein (Sj23), 14 kDa fatty-acid binding protein (SjFABP) and 26 kDa glutathione-S-transferase (Sj26), are recombined into two pieces of fusion genes SjFABP.Sj23 and Sj26.SjGAPDH, respectively. Tetravalent DNA vaccine pVIVO2-SjFABP.Sj23/Sj26.SjGAPDH is constructed by co-expressing these two fusion genes. The super-coiled DNA vaccines for large-scale clinic application were purified by sequential chromatographies including group separation chromatography and affinitive chromatographies. The purified DNA vaccines were evaluated for in vivo and in vitro transfection assay. The immunoprotective properties of the different kinds of constructed DNA vaccines were appraised by pharmacological trials. The pharmacological trials results showed that tetravalent DNA vaccine has higher protective efficiency than other tested DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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Wei F, Zhai Y, Jin H, Shang L, Men J, Lin J, Fu Z, Shi Y, Zhu XQ, Liu Q, Gao H. Development and immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing Sj26GST and SjFABP from Schistosoma japonicum. Vaccine 2010; 28:5161-6. [PMID: 20561603 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) Bartha-K61 vaccine strains expressing Schistosoma japonicum 26kDa glutathione S-transferase (Sj26GST) and fatty acid binding protein (SjFABP), designated as rPRV/Sj26GST, rPRV/SjFABP and rPRV/Sj26GST-SjFABP, were constructed and evaluated for their ability to protect mice and sheep against S. japonicum challenge. Animals were given 2 intramuscular immunizations 3 weeks apart, and challenged with S. japonicum cercariae 4 weeks later. All mice vaccinated with recombinant virus developed specific anti-SWAP (soluble worm antigen preparation) antibody, splenocyte proliferative response and production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. Injection of rPRV/Sj26GST-SjFABP significantly increased levels of antibody, splenocyte proliferative response and production of IFN-gamma, compared with rPRV/Sj26GST and rPRV/SjFABP. These recombinant viruses have been shown to be safe for sheep. Challenge experiments showed worms and egg burdens were significantly reduced in animals immunized with recombinant PRVs. Most importantly, rPRV/Sj26GST-SjFABP dramatically enhanced protection with worm reduction and hepatic reduction of 39.3% and 45.5% respectively in mice, and 48.5% and 51.2% in sheep, while rPRV/Sj26GST and rPRV/SjFABP provided corresponding protection of only up to 23.7% and 27.2% in mice, and 29.0% and 35.5% in sheep. These results indicate that the multivalent vaccine for S. japonicum can produce significant specific immunity and protection, and that PRV Bartha-K61 is an effective live vector for an animal schistosomiasis japonica vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Institute of Military Veterinary, AMMS, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
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Zhu Y, Lu F, Dai Y, Wang X, Tang J, Zhao S, Zhang C, Zhang H, Lu S, Wang S. Synergistic enhancement of immunogenicity and protection in mice against Schistosoma japonicum with codon optimization and electroporation delivery of SjTPI DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2010; 28:5347-55. [PMID: 20483191 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an endemic, zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum that remains a public health concern and an effective vaccine is needed. Triose-phosphate isomerase from S. japonicum is a promising schistosome vaccine antigen shown to be immunogenic when delivered as a DNA vaccine, however, the previous S. japonicum triose-phosphate isomerase (SjTPI) DNA vaccine needs to be further optimized to achieve higher protection. In the current study, codon optimization of SjTPI DNA insert, combined with electroporation but not with the addition of a tPA leader or heat-shock protein in-frame with the SjTPI gene insert, enhanced Th1-type antibody and cytokine production and most significantly, achieved great than 50% reduction of infection against challenge with S. japonicum cercariae, a major milestone in S. japonicum vaccine development. Our results suggest that the combination of a codon optimized vaccine design and an efficient vaccine delivery system can greatly improve the potential of a SjTPI DNA vaccine as a viable schistosome vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchang Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu, China.
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Wei F, Liu Q, Zhai Y, Fu Z, Liu W, Shang L, Men J, Gao S, Lian H, Jin H, Chen C, Lin J, Shi Y, Xia Z, Zhu XQ. IL-18 enhances protective effect in mice immunized with a Schistosoma japonicum FABP DNA vaccine. Acta Trop 2009; 111:284-8. [PMID: 19467215 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two recombinant plasmids, pVAX/SjFABP and pVAX/mIL-18 containing Schistosoma japonicum 14 kDa fatty acid binding protein (SjFABP) and murine IL-18, were constructed and evaluated for their ability to induce immune responses and to protect against S. japonicum challenge in mice. Mice were intramuscularly immunized twice at three-weekly intervals, and challenged with S. japonicum cercariae at 4 weeks after the last vaccination. All animals vaccinated with pVAX/SjFABP alone or plus pVAX/mIL-18 developed specific anti-SWAP ELISA antibody and T lymphocyte proliferation. Co-injection of pVAX/mIL-18 significantly increased the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 compared with pVAX/SjFABP alone, indicating that IL-18 enhances the Th1-dominant immune response. The challenge experiment showed that co-injection of plasmid encoding IL-18 significantly enhances protective effect against S. japonicum infection, as demonstrated by worm reduction rates and the hepatic egg reduction rates 45 days post-challenge. These results indicated that IL-18 may become a novel vaccine adjuvant for development of vaccines against schistosomiasis.
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