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Therapeutic potential of targeting SHP2 in human developmental disorders and cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112117. [PMID: 32061959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and survival via releasing intramolecular autoinhibition and modulating various signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Mutations and aberrant expression of SHP2 are implicated in human developmental disorders, leukemias and several solid tumors. As an oncoprotein in some cancers, SHP2 represents a rational target for inhibitors to interfere. Nevertheless, its tumor suppressive effect has also been uncovered, indicating the context-specificity. Even so, two types of SHP2 inhibitors including targeting catalytic pocket and allosteric sites have been developed associated with resolved cocrystal complexes. Herein, we describe its structure, biological function, deregulation in human diseases and summarize recent advance in development of SHP2 inhibitors, trying to give an insight into the therapeutic potential in future.
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Lee MG, Liu YC, Lee YL, El-Shazly M, Lai KH, Shih SP, Ke SC, Hong MC, Du YC, Yang JC, Sung PJ, Wen ZH, Lu MC. Heteronemin, a Marine Sesterterpenoid-Type Metabolite, Induces Apoptosis in Prostate LNcap Cells via Oxidative and ER Stress Combined with the Inhibition of Topoisomerase II and Hsp90. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16060204. [PMID: 29890785 PMCID: PMC6025191 DOI: 10.3390/md16060204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteronemin, a marine sesterterpenoid-type natural product, possesses diverse bioactivities, especially antitumor effect. Accumulating evidence shows that heteronemin may act as a potent anticancer agent in clinical therapy. To fully understand the antitumor mechanism of heteronemin, we further explored the precise molecular targets in prostate cancer cells. Initially, heteronemin exhibited potent cytotoxic effect against LNcap and PC3 prostate cancer cells with IC50 1.4 and 2.7 μM after 24 h, respectively. In the xenograft animal model, the tumor size was significantly suppressed to about 51.9% in the heteronemin-treated group in comparison with the control group with no significant difference in the mice body weights. In addition, the results of a cell-free system assay indicated that heteronemin could act as topoisomerase II (topo II) catalytic inhibitor through the elimination of essential enzymatic activity of topoisomerase IIα expression. We found that the use of heteronemin-triggered apoptosis by 20.1⁻68.3%, caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 66.9⁻99.1% and promoted calcium release by 1.8-, 2.0-, and 2.1-fold compared with the control group in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by annexin-V/PI, rhodamine 123 and Fluo-3 staining assays, respectively. Moreover, our findings indicated that the pretreatment of LNcap cells with an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPi) diminished growth inhibition, oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, as well as activation of Chop/Hsp70 induced by heteronemin, suggesting PTP activation plays a crucial rule in the cytotoxic activity of heteronemin. Using molecular docking analysis, heteronemin exhibited more binding affinity to the N-terminal ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90 protein than 17-AAG, a standard Hsp90 inhibitor. Finally, heteronemin promoted autophagy and apoptosis through the inhibition of Hsp 90 and topo II as well as PTP activation in prostate cancer cells. Taken together, these multiple targets present heteronemin as an interesting candidate for its future development as an antiprostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Gang Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Lun Lee
- Department of Urology, Sinying Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 730, Taiwan.
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 115, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 114, Egypt.
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Shou-Ping Shih
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Seng-Chung Ke
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chang Hong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Chin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
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Poppy Roworth A, Ghari F, La Thangue NB. To live or let die - complexity within the E2F1 pathway. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e970480. [PMID: 27308406 PMCID: PMC4905241 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.970480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor is a recognized regulator of the cell cycle as well as a potent mediator of DNA damage-induced apoptosis and the checkpoint response. Understanding the diverse and seemingly dichotomous functions of E2F1 activity has been the focus of extensive ongoing research. Although the E2F pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer, the contributions of E2F1 itself to tumorigenesis, as a promoter of proliferation or cell death, are far from understood. In this review we aim to provide an update on our current understanding of E2F1, with particular insight into its novel interaction partners and post-translational modifications, as a means to explaining its diverse functional complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poppy Roworth
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Oncology; University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | - Fatemeh Ghari
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Oncology; University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas B La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Oncology; University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
- Correspondence to: Nicholas B La Thangue;
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Morales LD, Casillas Pavón EA, Shin JW, Garcia A, Capetillo M, Kim DJ, Lieman JH. Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN facilitate Rb/E2F-associated apoptotic signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97104. [PMID: 24809452 PMCID: PMC4014576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain tissue homeostasis, apoptosis is functionally linked to the cell cycle through the retinoblastoma (Rb)/E2F pathway. When the Rb tumor suppressor protein is functionally inactivated, E2F1 elicits an apoptotic response through both intrinsic (caspase-9 mediated) and extrinsic (caspase-8 mediated) apoptotic pathways in order to eliminate hyperproliferative cells. Rb/E2F-associated apoptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with the loss of constitutive transcriptional repression by Rb/E2F complexes and mediated by caspase-8. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) PTP-1B and SHP-2 have been previously shown to be directly activated by loss of Rb/E2F repression during Rb/E2F-associated apoptosis. In this current study, we demonstrate that the PTEN tumor suppressor is also directly activated by loss of Rb/E2F repression. We also demonstrate that PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN play a functional role in Rb/E2F-associated apoptosis. Knockdown of PTP1B, SHP2, or PTEN expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in apoptotic cells increases cell viability and rescues cells from the Rb/E2F-associated apoptotic response. Furthermore, rescue from apoptosis coincides with inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage (activation). Our results indicate PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN all play a functional role in Rb/E2F-associated apoptotic signal transduction and provide further evidence that PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN can contribute to tumor suppression through an Rb/E2F-associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza D. Morales
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Edgar A. Casillas Pavón
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun Wan Shin
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mario Capetillo
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H. Lieman
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, South Texas College, McAllen, Texas, United States of America
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