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Mpofana N, Chipangura JK, Paulse M, Yalo M, Gqaleni N, Nxumalo CT, Dlova NC, Hussein AA, Crouch NR. An Investigation into the Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Extracts of Cassipourea flanaganii Stem Bark In Vivo. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2281. [PMID: 37375906 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The conventional use of medicinal plants is in part based on the widespread belief that plant crude extracts are non-toxic. In South Africa, traditional preparations of Cassipourea flanaganii used to treat hypermelanosis have accordingly been regarded by many as non-toxic. Whether that is so impacts on the potential of bark extracts to be developed as a commercial drug to treathypermelanosis, given their documented capacity to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Our study investigated the acute and subacute toxicity of the methanol extract of C. flanaganii bark in rats. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into different treatment groups. The rats received a daily oral gavage of crude extract for acute and subacute toxicity tests. Haematological, biomechanical, clinical and histopathology examinations were carried out to evaluate the possible toxicity of C. flanaganii. The results were subjected to the Student's t-test and ANOVA. For both acute and subacute toxicity, there was no statistical difference between the groups. There were no clinical or behavioral signs of toxicity observed in the rats. No treatment-related gross pathology lesions and no histopathology were observed. The findings of this study demonstrate the absence of acute or subacute toxicity after oral treatment with C. flanaganii stem bark extracts in Wistar rats at the levels administered. Chemical profiling of the total extract using LC-MS tentatively identified eleven (11) compounds as the major chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomakhosi Mpofana
- Dermatology Department, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Department of Somatology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - John Kudakwashe Chipangura
- Research Animal Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Michael Paulse
- Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Masande Yalo
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Nceba Gqaleni
- Discipline of Traditional Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | | | - Ncoza Cordelia Dlova
- Dermatology Department, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Neil R Crouch
- Biodiversity Research and Monitoring Directorate, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 52099, Berea Road, Durban 4007, South Africa
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Machado FP, Rodrigues IC, Gales L, Pereira JA, Costa PM, Dethoup T, Mistry S, Silva AMS, Vasconcelos V, Kijjoa A. New Alkylpyridinium Anthraquinone, Isocoumarin, C-Glucosyl Resorcinol Derivative and Prenylated Pyranoxanthones from the Culture of a Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus, Aspergillus stellatus KUFA 2017. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:672. [PMID: 36354995 PMCID: PMC9696483 DOI: 10.3390/md20110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
An unreported isocoumarin, (3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxymellein (2), an undescribed propylpyridinium anthraquinone (4), and an unreported C-glucosyl resorcinol derivative, acetyl carnemycin E (5c), were isolated, together with eight previously reported metabolites including p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), 1,3-dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone (3a), 1,3-dimethoxy-2,8-dihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone (3b), emodin (3c), 5[(3E,5E)-nona-3,5-dien-1-yl]benzene (5a), carnemycin E (5b), tajixanthone hydrate (6a) and 15-acetyl tajixanthone hydrate (6b), from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of a marine sponge-derived fungus, Aspergillus stellatus KUFA 2017. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and high resolution mass spectral analyses. In the case of 2, the absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons were determined by comparison of their calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons in 6a and 6b were also determined, for the first time, by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, and 6b were assayed for antibacterial activity against four reference strains, viz. two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), as well as three multidrug-resistant strains. However, only 5a exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both reference and multidrug-resistant strains. Compound 5a also showed antibiofilm activity against both reference strains of Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima P. Machado
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Inês C. Rodrigues
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gales
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (i3S-IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José A. Pereira
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Paulo M. Costa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Tida Dethoup
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Sharad Mistry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE 7 RH, UK
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Ulus G. Antiangiogenic properties of lichen secondary metabolites. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3046-3058. [PMID: 33587324 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms which are composed fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria. They produce a variety of characteristic secondary metabolites. Such substances have various biological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from pre-existing vessels, contributes to numerous diseases including cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, infectious, and immune disorders. Antiangiogenic therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of such diseases by inhibiting the new vessel formation. Technological advances have led to the development of various antiangiogenic agents and have made possible antiangiogenic therapy in many diseases associated with angiogenesis. Some lichens and their metabolites are used in the drug industry, but many have not yet been tested for their antiangiogenic effects. The cytotoxic and angiogenic capacities of lichen-derived small molecules have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro experiments. Therefore, some of them may be used as antiangiogenic agents in the future. The secondary compounds of lichen whose antiangiogenic effect has been studied in the literature are usnic acid, barbatolic acid, vulpinic acid, olivetoric acid, emodin, secalonic acid D, and parietin. In this article, we review the antiangiogenic effects and cellular targets of these lichen-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Ulus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Mfonku NA, Tadjong AT, Kamsu GT, Kodjio N, Ren J, Mbah JA, Gatsing D, Zhan J. Isolation and characterization of antisalmonellal anthraquinones and coumarins from Morinda lucida Benth. (Rubiaceae). CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Direct Effects of an Invasive European Buckthorn Metabolite on Embryo Survival and Development inXenopus laevisandPseudacris triseriata. J HERPETOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1670/12-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Caro Y, Anamale L, Fouillaud M, Laurent P, Petit T, Dufosse L. Natural hydroxyanthraquinoid pigments as potent food grade colorants: an overview. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2012; 2:174-193. [PMCID: PMC4131637 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-012-0086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Caro
- />Département Agroalimentaire, ESIROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Linda Anamale
- />Département Agroalimentaire, ESIROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- />Département Agroalimentaire, ESIROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Laurent
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />Département Génie Biologique, IUT, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Thomas Petit
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />Département Génie Biologique, IUT, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Laurent Dufosse
- />Département Agroalimentaire, ESIROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
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Rayanil KO, Bunchornmaspan P, Tuntiwachwuttikul P. A new phenolic compound with anticancer activity from the wood of Millettia leucantha. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:881-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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