Comparative study of a new composite biomaterial fluor-hydroxyapatite on fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 by direct test

Cell culture on suspended fiber for tissue regeneration: A review

Cell culturing is a cornerstone of tissue engineering, playing a crucial role in tissue regeneration, drug screening, and the study of disease mechanisms. Among various culturing techniques, 3D culture systems, particularly those utilizing suspended fiber scaffolds, offer a more physiologically relevant environment than traditional 2D monolayer cultures. These 3D scaffolds enhance cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation by mimicking the in vivo cellular milieu. This review focuses on the critical role of suspended fiber scaffolds in tissue engineering. We compare the effectiveness of 3D suspended fiber scaffolds with 2D culture systems, discussing their respective benefits and limitations in the context of tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we explore the preparation methods of suspended fiber scaffolds and their potential applications. The review concludes by considering future research directions for optimizing suspended fiber scaffolds to address specific challenges in tissue regeneration, underscoring their significant promise in advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Effects of Surface Charge of Hyperbranched Polymers on Cytotoxicity, Dynamic Cellular Uptake and Localization, Hemotoxicity, and Pharmacokinetics in Mice

Nanoscaled polymeric materials are increasingly being investigated as pharmaceutical products, drug/gene delivery vectors, or health-monitoring devices. Surface charge is one of the dominant parameters that regulates nanomaterial behavior in vivo. In this paper, we demonstrated how control over chemical synthesis allowed manipulation of nanoparticle surface charge, which in turn greatly influenced the in vivo behavior. Three methacrylate/methacrylamide-based monomers were used to synthesize well-defined hyperbranched polymers (HBP) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Each HBP had a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 5 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Incorporation of a fluorescent moiety within the polymeric nanoparticles allowed determination of how charge affected the in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of the nanomaterials and the biological response to them. A direct correlation between surface charge, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity was observed, with cationic HBPs exhibiting higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity than their neutral and anionic counterparts. Evaluation of the distribution of the differently charged HBPs within macrophages showed that all HBPs accumulated in the cytoplasm, but cationic HBPs also trafficked to, and accumulated within, the nucleus. Although cationic HBPs caused slight hemolysis, this was generally below accepted levels for in vivo safety. Analysis of pharmacokinetic behavior showed that cationic and anionic HBPs had short blood half-lives of 1.82 ± 0.51 and 2.34 ± 0.93 h respectively, compared with 5.99 ± 2.30 h for neutral HBPs. This was attributed to the fact that positively charged surfaces are more readily covered with opsonin proteins and thus more visible to phagocytic cells. This was supported by in vitro flow cytometric and qualitative live cell imaging studies, which showed that cationic HBPs tended to be taken up by macrophages more effectively and rapidly than neutral and anionic particles.

Comparison of murine fibroblast cell response to fluor-hydroxyapatite composite, fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite by eluate assay

Fluorapatite (FA) is one of the inorganic constituents of bone or teeth used for hard tissue repairs and replacements. Fluor-hydroxyapatite (FHA) is a new synthetic composite that contains the same molecular concentration of OH(-) groups and F(-) ions. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the cellular responses of murine fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells in vitro to solid solutions of FHA and FA and to compare them with the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA). We studied 24, 48 and 72 h effects of biomaterials on cell morphology, proliferation and cell cycle of NIH-3T3 cells by eluate assay. Furthermore, we examined the ability of FHA, FA and HA to induce cell death and DNA damage. Our cytotoxic/antiproliferative studies indicated that any of tested biomaterials did not cause the total inhibition of cell division. Biomaterials induced different antiproliferative effects increasing in the order HA < FHA < FA which were time- and concentration-dependent. None of the tested biomaterials induced necrotic/apoptotic death of NIH-3T3 cells. On the other hand, after 72 h we found that FHA and FA induced G0/G1 arrest of NIH-3T3 cells, while HA did not affect any cell cycle phases. Comet assay showed that while HA demonstrated weaker genotoxicity, DNA damage induced by FHA and FA caused G0/G1 arrest of NIH-3T3 cells. Fluoridation of hydroxyapatite and different FHA and FA structure caused different cell response of NIH-3T3 cells to biomaterials.