Thermostable alkaline protease from newly isolated Vibrio sp.: extraction, purification and characterisation

Purification, characterization and application of collagenolytic protease from Bacillus subtilis strain MPK

A new extracellular protease from Bacillus subtilis strain MPK with collagenolytic activity was isolated and purified. Fish skin which otherwise would be treated as waste is used as substrate for the production of protease. Using various techniques such as ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography, protease was purified and characterized subsequently. Protease of approximately 61 kDa molecular weight was purified by 135.7-fold with 18.42% enzyme recovery. The protease showed effective properties like pH and temperature stability over a broad range with optimum pH 7.5 and temperature 60 °C. Km and Vmax were found to be 1.92 mg ml-1 and 1.02 × 10-4 mol L-1 min-1, respectively. The protease exhibited stability in various ions, surfactants, inhibitors and organic solvents. Subsequently, the protease was successfully utilized for collagen hydrolysis to generate collagen peptides; thus, the produced protease would be a potential candidate for multifaceted applications in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its significant characteristics and collagenolytic properties.

Proteases, a powerful biochemical tool in the service of medicine, clinical and pharmaceutical

Proteases, enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds, have various applications in medicine, clinical applications, and pharmaceutical development. They are used in cancer treatment, wound debridement, contact lens cleaning, prion degradation, biofilm removal, and fibrinolytic agents. Proteases are also crucial in cardiovascular disease treatment, emphasizing the need for safe, affordable, and effective fibrinolytic drugs. Proteolytic enzymes and protease biosensors are increasingly used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Advanced technologies, such as nanomaterials-based sensors, are being developed to enhance the sensitivity, specificity, and versatility of protease biosensors. These biosensors are becoming effective tools for disease detection due to their precision and rapidity. They can detect extracellular and intracellular proteases, as well as fluorescence-based methods for real-time and label-free detection of virus-related proteases. The active utilization of proteolytic enzymatic biosensors is expected to expand significantly in biomedical research, in-vitro model systems, and drug development. We focused on journal articles and books published in English between 1982 and 2024 for this study.

Genome sequencing of cold-adapted Planococcus bacterium isolated from traditional shrimp paste and protease identification

BACKGROUND

Psychrophiles have evolved to adapt to freezing environments, and cold-adapted enzymes from these organisms can maintain high catalytic activity at low temperature. The use of cold-adapted enzymes has great potential for the revolution of food and molecular biology industries.

RESULTS

In this study, four different strains producing protease were isolated from traditional fermented shrimp paste, one of which, named Planococcus maritimus XJ11 by 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis, exhibited the largest protein hydrolysis clear zone surrounding the colonies. Meanwhile, the strain P. maritimus XJ11 was selected for further investigation because of its great adaptation to low temperature, low salinity and alkaline environment. The enzyme activity assay of P. maritimus XJ11 indicated that the optimum conditions for catalytic activity were pH 10.0 and 40 °C. Moreover, the enzyme also showed an increasing activity with temperatures from 10 to 40 °C and retained more than 67% activity of the maximum over a broad range of salinity (50-150 g L^-1 ). Genome sequencing analysis revealed that strain XJ11 possessed one circular chromosome of 3 282 604 bp and one circular plasmid of 67 339 bp, with a total number of 3293 open reading frames (ORFs). Besides, 21 genes encoding protease, including three serine proteases, were identified through the NR database.

CONCLUSION

Cold-adapted bacterium P. maritimus XJ11 was capable of producing alkaline proteases with high catalytic efficiency at low or moderate temperatures. Furthermore, the favorable psychrophilic and enzymatic characters of strain P. maritimus XJ11 seem to have a promising potential for industrial application. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes from a newly isolated Bacillus mojavensis SA: Characterization and applications as laundry detergent additive and in leather processing

The present work aims to study the simultaneous production of highly alkaline proteases and thermostable α-amylases by a newly isolated bacterium Bacillus mojavensis SA. The optimum pH and temperature of amylase activity were 9.0 and 55°C, respectively, while those of the proteolytic activity were 12.0 and 60°C, respectively. Both α-amylase and protease enzymes showed a high stability towards a wide range of pH and temperature. Furthermore, SA crude enzymes were relatively stable towards non-ionic (Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100) and anionic (SDS) surfactants, as well as oxidizing agents. Both activities were improved by the presence of polyethylene glycol 4000 and glycerol. Additionally, the crude enzymes showed excellent stability against various solid and liquid detergents. Wash performance analysis revealed that the SA crude enzymes exhibited a remarkable efficiency in the removal of a variety type of stains, such as blood, chocolate, coffee and oil. On the other side, SA proteases revealed a potential dehairing activity of animal hide without chemical assistance or fibrous proteins hydrolysis. Thus, considering their promising properties, B. mojavensis SA crude enzymes could be used in several biotechnological bioprocesses.

Purification and characterization of a cold alkaline protease from a psychrophilic Pseudomonas aeruginosa HY1215

A novel alkaline protease was purified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa HY1215 using ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatographic techniques. The protease had a relative molecular weight of 32.8 KDa by SDS-PAGE, and the optimal temperature and pH for excellent stability and activity were determined as 25 °C and 10.0, respectively. Within the pH range of 7.0-11.0, the protease had a good stability, which could retain more than 80 % of its original activity; in the temperature range of 15-35 °C, the protease had a higher activity, and its activity at 20 °C could amount to 85 % of the maximum activity at 25 °C. Besides, the enzyme activity showed a valuable stability towards several commercially available surfactants (Tween-80, Tween-40, and Triton X-100) and bleaches (H2O2) even when their concentrations ranged up to 2.0 and 1.6 %.