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Rodríguez-Rivera NS, Barrera-Oviedo D. Exploring the Pathophysiology of ATP-Dependent Potassium Channels in Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4079. [PMID: 38612888 PMCID: PMC11012456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionic channels are present in eucaryotic plasma and intracellular membranes. They coordinate and control several functions. Potassium channels belong to the most diverse family of ionic channels that includes ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels in the potassium rectifier channel subfamily. These channels were initially described in heart muscle and then in other tissues such as pancreatic, skeletal muscle, brain, and vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle tissues. In pancreatic beta cells, KATP channels are primarily responsible for maintaining the membrane potential and for depolarization-mediated insulin release, and their decreased density and activity may be related to insulin resistance. KATP channels' relationship with insulin resistance is beginning to be explored in extra-pancreatic beta tissues like the skeletal muscle, where KATP channels are involved in insulin-dependent glucose recapture and their activation may lead to insulin resistance. In adipose tissues, KATP channels containing Kir6.2 protein subunits could be related to the increase in free fatty acids and insulin resistance; therefore, pathological processes that promote prolonged adipocyte KATP channel inhibition might lead to obesity due to insulin resistance. In the central nervous system, KATP channel activation can regulate peripheric glycemia and lead to brain insulin resistance, an early peripheral alteration that can lead to the development of pathologies such as obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we aim to discuss the characteristics of KATP channels, their relationship with clinical disorders, and their mechanisms and potential associations with peripheral and central insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Samara Rodríguez-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Bioquímica Clínica, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
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Singh S, Shukla AK, Usman K, Banerjee M. Pharmacogenetic impact of SLC22A1 gene variant rs628031 (G/A) in newly diagnosed Indian type 2 diabetes patients undergoing metformin monotherapy. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2023; 33:51-58. [PMID: 36853844 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes (T2D) imposes an enormous burden all over the world in both developed and developing countries. Inter-individual differences are attributed to polymorphisms in candidate genes resulting in altered absorption, transportation, distribution, and metabolism of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the pharmacogenetic impact of SLC22A1 gene variant rs628031 (G/A) on metformin monotherapy in newly diagnosed untreated T2D patients. METHODS Newly diagnosed T2D patients ( n = 500) were enrolled according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Initially, enrolled subjects were prescribed metformin monotherapy and followed up for at least 12 weeks. Response to metformin was evaluated in 478 patients who revisited for follow-up by measuring HbA1c. RESULT Out of 478 patients, 373 were responders to metformin monotherapy while 105 were non-responders. The pharmacogenetic impact was evaluated by genotype, haplotype, and pharmacogenetic analyses. 'GG' genotype and 'G' allele of SLC22A1 rs628031 G/A were observed in 48.8% and 67.7% of Met responders, respectively, while 20.9% and 49.1 % were in non-responders. Therefore, there was a 2.18-fold increase in the success rate of Met therapeutics. CONCLUSION Individuals carrying the 'GG' genotype or 'G' allele for SLC22A1 gene variant rs628031 G/A are better responders for Metformin monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow
| | - Ashwin Kumar Shukla
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow
| | - Kauser Usman
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University Lucknow, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow
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Zhu LL, Zhou Q. Awareness of Genetic Polymorphism in Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters May Promote Personalized Type 2 Diabetes Management [Letter]. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:557-558. [PMID: 35237055 PMCID: PMC8882469 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s362431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhu
- Geriatric VIP Ward, Division of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Quan Zhou, Department of Pharmacy, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-571-8778-4615, Email
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Influence of Bromocriptine Plus Metformin Treatment on Glycaemia and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/rjdnmd-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims: Bromocriptine is a dopaminergic (D2) agonist that has shown hypoglycemic and normotensive activity in preclinical and clinical studies. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bromocriptine plus metformin on glycaemia and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Material and methods: An open-label randomised controlled trial was conducted for three months. It involved two groups (n=10), each containing 2 women and 8 men with an average age of 50 years. One group was given monotherapy (MT) with metformin (850 mg every 12 h) and the other combined therapy (CT) with the same dose of metformin plus an increasing dose of bromocriptine (from 1.25 mg per day to 2.5 mg per day). The parameters monitored were glycaemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, blood pressure, and the body mass index.
Results: CT was able to significantly decrease the level of glycaemia, HbA1c and diastolic blood pressure, whereas MT had no effect on any of the measured variables.
Conclusions: The ability of CT with bromocriptine and metformin to control glycaemia and produce a normotensive effect reaffirms its advantages for controlling T2DM. Further research is needed to improve this therapeutic strategy.
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Rodríguez-Rivera NS, Cuautle-Rodríguez P, Castillo-Nájera F, Molina-Guarneros JA. Identification of genetic variants in pharmacogenetic genes associated with type 2 diabetes in a Mexican-Mestizo population. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:21-28. [PMID: 28685055 PMCID: PMC5492814 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic pathologies in the world. In developing countries, such as Mexico, its prevalence represents an important public health and research issue. Determining factors triggering T2DM are environmental and genetic. While diet, exercise and proper weight control are the first measures recommended to improve the quality of life and life expectancy of patients, pharmacological treatment is usually the next step. Within every population there are variations in interindividual drug response, which may be due to genetic background. Some of the most frequent first line T2DM treatments in developing countries are sulfonylureas (SU), whose targets are ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the KATP coding genes, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11 (KCNJ11) and ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8 (ABCC8) have been associated with SU response variability. To date, there is little information regarding the mechanism by which these SNPs work within Mexican populations. The present study describes the distribution of three SNPs [KCNJ11 rs5219 (E23K), ABCC8 rs757110 (S1369A) and rs1799854 (-3C/T)] among Mestizo Mexican (MM) T2DM patients, and compares it with published data on various healthy subjects and T2DM populations. Through this comparison, no difference in the KCNJ11 rs5219 and ABCC8 rs757110 allelic and genotypic frequencies in MM were observed compared with the majority of the reported populations of healthy and diabetic individuals among other ethnic groups; except for African and Colombian individuals. By contrast, ABCC8 rs1799854 genomic and allelic frequencies among MM were observed to be significantly different from those reported by the 1000 Genomes Project, and from diabetic patients within other populations reported in the literature, such as the European, Asian and Latin-American individuals [T=0.704, G=0.296; CC=0.506, CT=0.397, TT=0.097; 95% confidence interval (CI); P≤0.05]; except for South Asian and Iberian populations, which may reflect the admixture origins of the present Mexican population. This genetic similarity has not been observed in the other Latin-American groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of ABCC8 rs757110 and rs1799854 SNP frequencies in any Mexican population and, specifically with diabetic Mexicans. Knowledge of the genetic structure of different populations is key to understanding the interindividual responses to drugs, such as SU and whether genotypic differences affect clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Samara Rodríguez-Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Patricia Cuautle-Rodríguez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, México.,Research Division, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, México
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Is the Mouse a Good Model of Human PPARγ-Related Metabolic Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081236. [PMID: 27483259 PMCID: PMC5000634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing number of patients affected with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies are eager to better understand metabolic syndrome and develop new drugs for its treatment. Many studies have focused on the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which plays a crucial role in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. These studies have been able to connect this transcription factor to several human metabolic diseases. Due to obvious limitations concerning experimentation in humans, animal models—mainly mouse models—have been generated to investigate the role of PPARγ in different tissues. This review focuses on the metabolic features of human and mouse PPARγ-related diseases and the utility of the mouse as a model.
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Balamurugan K, Bjørkhaug L, Mahajan S, Kanthimathi S, Njølstad PR, Srinivasan N, Mohan V, Radha V. Structure-function studies of HNF1A (MODY3) gene mutations in South Indian patients with monogenic diabetes. Clin Genet 2016; 90:486-495. [PMID: 26853433 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a genetically heterogeneous monogenic form of diabetes characterized by onset of diabetes below 25 years of age, autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and primary defect in insulin secretion. Mutations in the gene (HNF1A) encoding transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF-1A) results in one of the most common forms of MODY (MODY3). HNF-1A is mainly enriched in pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes and important for organ development and normal pancreatic function. We here report on the functional interrogation of eight missense HNF1A mutations associated with MODY3 in South Indian subjects, and the contributing effect of common variant (S487N) within HNF1A. Of the eight mutations, three mutations (p.R171G, p.G245R and p.R263H), in particular, affected HNF-1A function in transfected HeLa cells by reducing both transcriptional activity and nuclear localization, possibly due to disruption of the integrity of the three dimensional structure. The common variant p.S487N contributed further to the loss-of-function of p.R271Q (p.R271Q+p.S487N double mutant), in vitro, on both activity and localization. Our data on the first functional study of HNF1A mutations in South India subjects confers that the defect of the HNF-1A mutant proteins are responsible for MODY3 diabetes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Balamurugan
- Department of Molecular genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - L Bjørkhaug
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Mahajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - S Kanthimathi
- Department of Molecular genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - P R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - N Srinivasan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - V Mohan
- Department of Molecular genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - V Radha
- Department of Molecular genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
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Porojan MD, Bala C, Ilies R, Catana A, Popp RA, Dumitrascu DL. Combined glutathione S transferase M1/T1 null genotypes is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:159-63. [PMID: 26528065 PMCID: PMC4576790 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to new genetic insights, a considerably large number of genes and polymorphic gene variants are screened and linked with the complex pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (DM). Our study aimed to investigate the association between the two isoforms of the glutathione S-transferase genes (Glutathione S transferase isoemzyme type M1- GSTM1 and Glutathione S transferase isoemzyme type T1-GSTT1) and the prevalence of DM in the Northern Romanian population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, randomized, case-control study evaluating the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null alleles in patients diagnosed with DM. A total of 106 patients diagnosed with DM and 124 healthy controls were included in the study. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null alleles genotyping was carried out using Multiplex PCR amplification of relevant gene fragments, followed by gel electrophoresis analysis of the resulting amplicons. RESULTS Molecular analysis did not reveal an increased frequency of the null GSTM1 and GSTT1 alleles (mutant genotypes) respectively in the DM group compared to controls (p=0.171, OR=1.444 CI=0.852-2.447; p=0.647, OR=0.854, CI=0.436-1.673). Nevertheless, the combined GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes were statistically significantly higher in DM patients compared to control subjects (p=0.0021, OR=0.313, CI=0.149-0.655). CONCLUSIONS The main finding of our study is that the combined, double GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes are to be considered among the polymorphic genetic risk factors for type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai D Porojan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bala
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Ilies
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Catana
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu A Popp
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Bonatto N, Nogaroto V, Svidnicki PV, Milléo FQ, Grassiolli S, Almeida MC, Vicari MR, Artoni RF. Variants of the HNF1α gene: A molecular approach concerning diabetic patients from southern Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:737-40. [PMID: 23271932 PMCID: PMC3526079 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012005000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) presents monogenic inheritance and mutation factors which have already been identified in six different genes. Given the wide molecular variation present in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α gene (HNF1α) MODY3, the aim of this study was to amplify and sequence the coding regions of this gene in seven patients from the Campos Gerais region, Paraná State, Brazil, presenting clinical MODY3 features. Besides the synonymous variations, A15A, L17L, Q141Q, G288G and T515T, two missense mutations, I27L and A98V, were also detected. Clinical and laboratory data obtained from patients were compared with the molecular findings, including the I27L polymorphism that was revealed in some overweight/obese diabetic patients of this study, this corroborating with the literature. We found certain DNA variations that could explain the hyperglycemic phenotype of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naieli Bonatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nogaroto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo V. Svidnicki
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Fábio Q. Milléo
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Hospital Vicentino da Sociedade Beneficente São Camilo, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Mara C. Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R. Vicari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto F. Artoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Shen C, Meng Q, Zhang G. Species-specific toxicity of troglitazone on rats and human by gel entrapped hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 258:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Guppy A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Pickering L. Anticancer effects of metformin and its potential use as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. Future Oncol 2011; 7:727-36. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an orally available, biguanide derivative that is widely used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Recent preclinical data have demonstrated that it can also act as an anticancer agent by activation of AMPK and subsequent inhibition of mTOR. Metformin is currently being investigated in several Phase II/III clinical trials. This article will review the current evidence for its mechanism of action, efficacy in preclinical and clinical models, and toxicity. Ongoing and planned studies evaluating the impact of metformin on breast cancer outcomes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Guppy
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2RN, UK
| | | | - Lisa Pickering
- St George’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 9QT, UK
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