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Siejka A, Barabutis N. Growth hormone - releasing hormone in the context of inflammation and redox biology. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403124. [PMID: 38957466 PMCID: PMC11217323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siejka
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
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2
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Ratajczak-Wrona W, Jablonska E. The Signaling Pathways in Nitric Oxide Production by Neutrophils Exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180426121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a crucial role in the innate
immune system’s response to microbial pathogens through the release of reactive nitrogen species,
including Nitric Oxide (NO).
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Methods: In neutrophils, NO is produced by the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), which is
regulated by various signaling pathways and transcription factors. N-nitrosodimethylamine
(NDMA), a potential human carcinogen, affects immune cells. NDMA plays a major part in the
growing incidence of cancers. Thanks to the increasing knowledge on the toxicological role of
NDMA, the environmental factors that condition the exposure to this compound, especially its precursors-
nitrates arouse wide concern.
Results:
In this article, we present a detailed summary of the molecular mechanisms of NDMA’s
effect on the iNOS-dependent NO production in human neutrophils.
Conclusion:
This research contributes to a more complete understanding of the mechanisms that
explain the changes that occur during nonspecific cellular responses to NDMA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona
- Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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3
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IL-35 induces N2 phenotype of neutrophils to promote tumor growth. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33501-33514. [PMID: 28432279 PMCID: PMC5464885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-35 is an immunosuppressive cytokine and exerts regulatory effects on T cells, B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that play key roles in tumor development. The effect of IL-35 on neutrophils remains unknown. Here, we report that IL-35 can induce N2 neutrophil polarization (protumor phenotype) by increasing G-CSF and IL-6 production, and promote neutrophil infiltration into tumor microenvironment. The sustained expression of IL-35 could promote chronic inflammation to augment the proangiogenic and immunosuppressive function of neutrophils. IL-35 stimulated macrophages to secrete proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. IL-1β stimulated γδ T cells to produce IL-17, which in turn increased the production of G-CSF. By increasing the expression of G-CSF and IL-6, IL-35 could up-regulate the expression of MMP-9 and Bv8, and down-regulate TRAIL expression in neutrophils, thus augmenting the proangiogenic function of neutrophils. Moreover, G-CSF/IL-6 induced the enhanced activation of STAT3 and ERK pathways in neutrophils, thus increasing the expression of iNOS to suppress T cell activation. Our findings suggest that IL-35 can promote tumor progression by functioning as an up-stream cytokine to promote cancer-associated inflammation and control neutrophil polarization. Targeting IL-35 might be an important approach for designing new strategy of tumor therapy.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Multidrug-Resistant Strain M Induces Low IL-8 and Inhibits TNF- α Secretion by Bronchial Epithelial Cells Altering Neutrophil Effector Functions. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2810606. [PMID: 28852268 PMCID: PMC5568625 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2810606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
M strain, the most prevalent multidrug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in Argentina, has mounted mechanisms to evade innate immune response. The role of human bronchial epithelium in Mtb infection remains unknown as well as its crosstalk with neutrophils (PMN). In this work, we evaluate whether M and H37Rv strains invade and replicate within bronchial epithelial cell line Calu-6 and how conditioned media (CM) derived from infected cells alter PMN responses. We demonstrated that M infects and survives within Calu-6 without promoting death. CM from M-infected Calu-6 (M-CM) did not attract PMN in correlation with its low IL-8 content compared to H37Rv-CM. Also, PMN activation and ROS production in response to irradiated H37Rv were impaired after treatment with M-CM due to the lack of TNF-α. Interestingly, M-CM increased H37Rv replication in PMN which would allow the spreading of mycobacteria upon PMN death and sustain IL-8 release. Thus, our results indicate that even at low invasion/replication rate within Calu-6, M induces the secretion of factors altering the crosstalk between these nonphagocytic cells and PMN, representing an evasion mechanism developed by M strain to persist in the host. These data provide new insights on the role of bronchial epithelium upon M infection.
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5
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Nowak K, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Garley M, Jabłońska E. The effect of ethanol and N-nitrosodimethylamine on the iNOS-dependent NO production in human neutrophils. Role of NF-κB. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:498-505. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1342150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Garley
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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6
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Hsu YM, Wu TY, Du YC, El-Shazly M, Beerhues L, Thang TD, Van Luu H, Hwang TL, Chang FR, Wu YC. 3-Methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxepine, polyoxygenated seco-cyclohexenes and cyclohexenes from Uvaria flexuosa and their anti-inflammatory activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:184-192. [PMID: 26732672 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of Uvaria flexuosa (Annonaceae) leaves led to the isolation of seven compounds including, 3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxepine (flexuvaroxepine A), four polyoxygenated seco-cyclohexene (flexuvarin A-D) and two polyoxygenated cyclohexene (flexuvarol A-B) derivatives, together with four known flavones. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopic techniques. A plausible biogenetic route of the new compounds was discussed. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by superoxide anion generation and elastase release assays. Among the tested compounds, flexuvarol B and chrysin showed the most potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting superoxide anion generation and elastase release from human neutrophils in response to fMLP with IC50 2.25-5.55μM. Moreover, 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-flavone showed selective inhibitory activity on superoxide anion generation (IC50=1.19±0.34μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tran Dinh Thang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Vinh University, 182-Le Duan, Vinh City, Nghean Province, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Van Luu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Vinh University, 182-Le Duan, Vinh City, Nghean Province, Viet Nam
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; R & D Center of Chinese Herbal Medicines & New Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Ratajczak-Wrona W, Jablonska E, Garley M, Jablonski J, Radziwon P, Iwaniuk A, Grubczak K. PI3K-Akt/PKB signaling pathway in neutrophils and mononuclear cells exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine. J Immunotoxicol 2013; 11:231-7. [PMID: 23971717 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2013.826307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (PMN) play diverse regulatory and effector functions in the immune system through the release of reactive nitrogen species, including nitric oxide (NO). The enzyme responsible for NO synthesis in PMN is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that is regulated by various signaling pathways, e.g. PI3K-Akt/PKB, and transcription factors. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a xenobiotic widespread in the human environment, affects immune cells. The study objective here was to examine the role of the PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway in induction of NO synthesis (with involvement of iNOS) in human PMN, as well as in autologous mononuclear cells (PBMC), exposed to NDMA. Isolated cells were incubated for 2 h with a sub-lethal dose of NDMA and then the expression of several select proteins in the cell cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions were determined by Western blot analyses. The results indicated that NDMA enhanced expression of iNOS, phospho-PI3K, and phospho-IκBα in the cytoplasmic fraction of the PMN and PBMC. The nuclear fraction of these cells also had a higher NF-κB expression. Moreover, in PMN, NDMA caused an increased expression of phospho-Akt (T308), phospho-Akt (S473), and phospho-IKKαβ in the cytoplasm, and c-Jun and FosB in the nuclear fraction. Blocking of PI3K caused a decrease in expression of all these proteins in NDMA-exposed PMN. However, inhibition of PI3K led to a drop in expression of iNOS, phospho-PI3K, and phospho-IκBα in the cytoplasm, and in NF-κB in the nuclear fraction, of PBMC. The results of these studies indicated to us that NDMA activates the PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway in human PMN and that this, in turn, contributes to the activation of transcription factors NF-κB, c-Jun, and FosB involved in NO production (through modulation of iNOS expression).
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