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Balumahendra K, Venkateswarulu TC, Babu DJ. Enhancement of α-galactosidase production using novel Actinoplanes utahensis B1 strain: sequential optimization and purification of enzyme. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:91. [PMID: 38345638 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase is an important exoglycosidase belonging to the hydrolase class of enzymes, which has therapeutic and industrial potential. It plays a crucial role in hydrolyzing α-1,6 linked terminal galacto-oligosaccharide residues such as melibiose, raffinose, and branched polysaccharides such as galacto-glucomannans and galactomannans. In this study, Actinoplanes utahensis B1 was explored for α-galactosidase production, yield improvement, and activity enhancement by purification. Initially, nine media components were screened using the Plackett-Burman design (PBD). Among these components, sucrose, soya bean flour, and sodium glutamate were identified as the best-supporting nutrients for the highest enzyme secretion by A. Utahensis B1. Later, the Central Composite Design (CCD) was implemented to fine-tune the optimization of these components. Based on sequential statistical optimization methodologies, a significant, 3.64-fold increase in α-galactosidase production, from 16 to 58.37 U/mL was achieved. The enzyme was purified by ultrafiltration-I followed by multimode chromatography and ultrafiltration-II. The purity of the enzyme was confirmed by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which revealed a single distinctive band with a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa. Additionally, it was determined that this process resulted in a 2.03-fold increase in purity. The purified α-galactosidase showed an activity of 2304 U/mL with a specific activity of 288 U/mg. This study demonstrates the isolation of Actinoplanes utahensis B1 and optimization of the process for the α-galactosidase production as well as single-step purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Balumahendra
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur District, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - T C Venkateswarulu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur District, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - D John Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur District, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Xiaowen W, Sibo C, Lin F, Hao L, Si C, Xianfeng Y, Zhoukun L, Zhongli C, Huang Y. Characterization of a halotolerant GH2 family β-galactosidase GalM from Microvirga sp. strain MC18. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 194:106074. [PMID: 35218889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new glycoside hydrolase family 2 (GH2) β-galactosidase encoding gene galM was cloned from Microvirga sp. strain MC18 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant β-galactosidase GalM showed optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 50 °C, with a stability at pH 6.0-9.0 and 20-40 °C, which are conditions suitable for the diary environment. The Km and Vmax values for o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (oNPG) were 1.30 mmol/L and 15.974 μmol/(min·mg), respectively. GalM showed low product inhibition by galactose with a Ki of 73.18 mM and high tolerance for glucose that 86.5% activity retained in the presence of 500 mM glucose. It was also stable and active in 20% of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol. In addition, the enzyme activity of GalM was activated significantly over 0-2 mol/L NaCl (1.6-4.3 fold). These favorable properties make GalM a potential candidate for the industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiaowen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Chen Sibo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Fan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Liu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Chen Si
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Ye Xianfeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Li Zhoukun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Cui Zhongli
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Bhatia S, Singh A, Batra N, Singh J. Microbial production and biotechnological applications of α-galactosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 150:1294-1313. [PMID: 31747573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase, (E.C. 3.2.1.22) is an exoglycosidase that target galactooligosaccharides such as raffinose, melibiose, stachyose and branched polysaccharides like galactomannans and galacto-glucomannans by catalysing the hydrolysis of α-1,6 linked terminal galactose residues. The enzyme has been isolated and characterized from microbial, plant and animal sources. This ubiquitous enzyme possesses physiological significance and immense industrial potential. Optimization of the growth conditions and efficient purification strategies can lead to a significant increase in the enzyme production. To boost commercial productivity, cloning of novel α-galactosidase genes and their heterologous expression in suitable host has gained popularity. Enzyme immobilization leads to its greater reutilization, superior thermostability, pH tolerance and increased activity. The enzyme is well explored in food industry in the removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soymilk and sugar crystallization process. It also improves animal feed quality and biomass processing. Applications of the enzyme is in the area of biomedicine includes therapeutic advances in treatment of Fabry disease, blood group conversion and removal of α-gal type immunogenic epitopes in xenotransplantation. With considerable biotechnological applications, this enzyme has been vastly commercialized and holds greater future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhinashi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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The GlaA signal peptide substantially increases the expression and secretion of α-galactosidase in Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:949-955. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Improving the Secretory Expression of an -Galactosidase from Aspergillus niger in Pichia pastoris. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161529. [PMID: 27548309 PMCID: PMC4993465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galactosidases are broadly used in feed, food, chemical, pulp, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there lacks a satisfactory microbial cell factory that is able to produce α-galactosidases efficiently and cost-effectively to date, which prevents these important enzymes from greater application. In this study, the secretory expression of an Aspergillus niger α-galactosidase (AGA) in Pichia pastoris was systematically investigated. Through codon optimization, signal peptide replacement, comparative selection of host strain, and saturation mutagenesis of the P1’ residue of Kex2 protease cleavage site for efficient signal peptide removal, a mutant P. pastoris KM71H (Muts) strain of AGA-I with the specific P1’ site substitution (Glu to Ile) demonstrated remarkable extracellular α-galactosidase activity of 1299 U/ml upon a 72 h methanol induction in 2.0 L fermenter. The engineered yeast strain AGA-I demonstrated approximately 12-fold higher extracellular activity compared to the initial P. pastoris strain. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest yield and productivity of a secreted α-galactosidase in P. pastoris, thus holding great potential for industrial application.
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Chen Z, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Li Y. High-level expression of a novel α-galactosidase gene from Rhizomucor miehei in Pichia pastoris and characterization of the recombinant enyzme. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 110:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Katrolia P, Rajashekhara E, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Biotechnological potential of microbial α-galactosidases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:307-17. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.794124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Katrolia P, Jia H, Yan Q, Song S, Jiang Z, Xu H. Characterization of a protease-resistant α-galactosidase from the thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor miehei and its application in removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:578-586. [PMID: 22349190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The α-galactosidase gene, RmGal36, from Rhizomucor miehei was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene has an open reading frame of 2256bp encoding 751 amino acid residues. RmGal36 was optimally active at pH 4.5 and 60°C, but is stable between pH 4.5 and 10.0 and at a temperature of up to 55°C for 30min retaining more than 80% of its relative activity. It displayed remarkable resistance to proteases and its activity was not inhibited by galactose concentrations of 100mM. The relative specificity of RmGal36 towards various substrates is in the order of p-nitrophenyl α-galactopyranoside>melibiose>stachyose>raffinose, with a K(m) of 0.36, 16.9, 27.6, and 47.9mM, respectively. The enzyme completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybeans and kidney beans at 50°C within 60min. These features make RmGal36 useful in the food and feed industries and in processing of beet-sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Katrolia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Saad RR, Fawzi EM. Purification and characterization of a thermostable α-galactosidase from Thielavia terrestris NRRL 8126 in solid state fermentation. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 63:138-50. [PMID: 22453806 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.63.2012.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several seeds and husks of some plants belonging to leguminosae, Graminae, Compositae and Palmae were evaluated as carbon substrates to produce α-galactosidase (α-Gal) by the thermophilic fungus, Thielavia terrestris NRRL 8126 in solid substrate fermentation. The results showed that Cicer arietinum (chick pea seed) was the best substrate for α-Gal production. The crude enzyme was precipitated by ammonium sulphate (60%) and purified by gel filtration on sephadex G-100 followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose. The final purification fold of the enzyme was 30.42. The temperature and pH optima of purified α-Gal from Thielavia terrestris were 70 °C and 6.5, respectively. The enzyme showed high thermal stability at 70 °C and 75 °C and the half-life of the α-Gal at 90 °C was 45 min. Km of the purified enzyme was 1.31 mM. The purified enzyme was inhibited by Ag2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ at 5 mM and 10 mM. Also, EDTA, sodium arsenate, L-cysteine and iodoacetate inhibited the enzyme activity. On the other hand, Ca2+, Cu2+, K+ and Na+ slightly enhanced the enzyme activity at 5 mM while at 10 mM they caused inhibition. The molecular weight of the α-Gal was estimated to be 82 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme displays a number of biochemical properties that make it a potentially strong candidate for biotechnological and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawia R Saad
- Biological & Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Roxy, Cairo Egypt
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