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Strudwick J, Gayed A, Deady M, Haffar S, Mobbs S, Malik A, Akhtar A, Braund T, Bryant RA, Harvey SB. Workplace mental health screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:469-484. [PMID: 37321849 PMCID: PMC10423530 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Workplaces are an important location for population mental health interventions. Screening to detect employees at risk of or experiencing mental ill health is increasingly common. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the efficacy of workplace mental health screening programmes on employee mental health, work outcomes, user satisfaction, positive mental health, quality of life, help-seeking and adverse effects. PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Global Index Medicus, Global Health and SciELO were searched (database inception-10 November 2022) and results screened by two independent reviewers. Controlled trials evaluating screening of workers' mental health as related to their employment were included. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled effect sizes for each outcome of interest. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation was conducted to evaluate the certainty of findings. Of the 12 328 records screened, 11 were included. These reported 8 independent trials collectively assessing 2940 employees. Results indicated screening followed by advice or referral was ineffective in improving employee mental health symptoms (n=3; d=-0.07 (95% CI -0.29 to 0.15)). Screening followed by facilitated access to treatment interventions demonstrated a small improvement in mental health (n=4; d=-0.22 (95% CI -0.42 to -0.02)). Limited effects were observed for other outcomes. Certainty ranged from low to very low. The evidence supporting workplace mental health screening programmes is limited and available data suggest mental health screening alone does not improve worker mental health. Substantial variation in the implementation of screening was observed. Further research disentangling the independent effect of screening alongside the efficacy of other interventions to prevent mental ill health at work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Strudwick
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aimee Gayed
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Deady
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Haffar
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophia Mobbs
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aiysha Malik
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Aemal Akhtar
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taylor Braund
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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de Oliveira C, Saka M, Bone L, Jacobs R. The Role of Mental Health on Workplace Productivity: A Critical Review of the Literature. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2023; 21:167-193. [PMID: 36376610 PMCID: PMC9663290 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-022-00761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health disorders in the workplace have increasingly been recognised as a problem in most countries given their high economic burden. However, few reviews have examined the relationship between mental health and worker productivity. OBJECTIVE To review the relationship between mental health and lost productivity and undertake a critical review of the published literature. METHODS A critical review was undertaken to identify relevant studies published in MEDLINE and EconLit from 1 January 2008 to 31 May 2020, and to examine the type of data and methods employed, study findings and limitations, and existing gaps in the literature. Studies were critically appraised, namely whether they recognised and/or addressed endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity, and a narrative synthesis of the existing evidence was undertaken. RESULTS Thirty-eight (38) relevant studies were found. There was clear evidence that poor mental health (mostly measured as depression and/or anxiety) was associated with lost productivity (i.e., absenteeism and presenteeism). However, only the most common mental disorders were typically examined. Studies employed questionnaires/surveys and administrative data and regression analysis. Few studies used longitudinal data, controlled for unobserved heterogeneity or addressed endogeneity; therefore, few studies were considered high quality. CONCLUSION Despite consistent findings, more high-quality, longitudinal and causal inference studies are needed to provide clear policy recommendations. Moreover, future research should seek to understand how working conditions and work arrangements as well as workplace policies impact presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire de Oliveira
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK.
- Hull York Medical School, Hull and York, UK.
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | | - Rowena Jacobs
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
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Amiri S. Sleep quality and sleep-related issues in industrial workers: a global meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2023; 29:154-167. [PMID: 34970939 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.2024376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Sleep-related issues are important health issues. This study aimed to investigate the global prevalence of sleep-related issues in industrial workers. Methods. A syntax of keywords was used to search the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search time was limited to articles published until September 2020, and the search range was in English. Events and samples were extracted for each study to calculate the prevalence. For all subgroups, events and samples were extracted to calculate the results of the subgroups. The random-effects method was used in the analysis. Heterogeneity was examined at the levels of all analyses. Results. Forty-eight articles were included in the analysis as eligible studies. Sleep-related issues have 30% prevalence in the 95% confidence interval (CI) [25, 35%]. The prevalence of sleep-related issues in men was 38%, 95% CI [31, 45%] and in women was 32%, 95% CI [14, 50%]. The prevalence of poor sleep quality, insomnia, sleep duration <7 h, snoring and sleepiness was 36, 22, 37, 29 and 10%, respectively. Conclusions. Sleep-related issues have a high prevalence in industrial workers, and the cause of these differences needs to be addressed and increasing insights provided to prevent and treat sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jacob L, Md-PhD, Shin JI, Md-PhD, López-Sánchez GF, Haro JM, Md-PhD, Koyanagi A, Md-PhD, Kostev K, Butler L, Barnett Y, Oh H, Smith L. Association between asthma and work absence in working adults in the United States. J Asthma 2022; 60:1115-1122. [PMID: 36214492 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2132959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between asthma and work absence in a large sample of US working adults, while controlling for several sociodemographic and health characteristics. This study used data from the 2019 Health and Functional Capacity Survey of the RAND American Life Panel (ALP). Work absence corresponded to the number of days of absence from work for health-related reasons in the past 12 months. Current asthma was self-reported and was included in the analyses as a dichotomous variable. Control variables included sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation, annual family income, health insurance, and number of chronic physical or psychiatric conditions. Finally, the association between asthma and work absence was analyzed using logistic regression models. This study included 1,323 adults aged 22-65 years (53.1% males; mean [SD] age 43.1 [11.7] years). Individuals with asthma were more likely to report at least one (81.5% versus 56.8%, p-value <0.001) or three days of absence (56.9% versus 31.3%, p-value =0.003) from work in the past 12 months than those without asthma. These findings were corroborated in the regression analyses, as asthma was positively and significantly associated with work absence after adjusting for all control variables (at least one day of absence: OR =3.24, 95% CI =1.44-7.29; at least three days of absence: OR =2.61, 95% CI =1.26-5.40). This US study of working adults showed that asthma was a risk factor for work absence. Further research is warranted to better understand the factors predisposing to work absence in the asthma population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md-PhD
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | | | - Md-PhD
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillermo F López-Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Md-PhD
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Md-PhD
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karel Kostev
- Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laurie Butler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, 1149 South Hill Street suite 1422, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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Amiri S. Prevalence of depression disorder in industrial workers: a meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:1624-1635. [PMID: 33843494 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1912448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Depression is known to be associated with a variety of occupational factors. The aim of this study was to meta-analyze the prevalence of depressive disorder in industrial workers. Methods. Three databases indexing abstracts of articles were selected and searched until August 2020: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. For each study, the sample size and number of depression events were extracted, and after extracting these data, the random effects method was used to assess the prevalence. I2 and χ2 values were used to investigate the heterogeneity. Results. The prevalence of depressive disorder in industrial workers is 21%. The prevalence of depressive disorder in men and women industrial workers is 23 and 28%, respectively. The prevalence of depressive disorder in Asia, Europe and America is equal to 22, 18 and 20%, respectively. The result of the heterogeneity test showed that the heterogeneity is high. Conclusion. The prevalence of depression in industrial workers is higher than in the general population. These differences can be due to the working conditions of industrial workers. Therefore, the work environment and the promotion of occupational health can play an important role in preventing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Amiri S, Behnezhad S. Depression symptoms and risk of sick leave: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1495-1512. [PMID: 33928429 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression symptoms are one of the most common psychiatric disorders and affect all aspects of life. The impact of depression symptoms on sick leave in the working population is a major issue that requires a more comprehensive examination. METHODS This systematic review used the PRISMA method to identify eligible studies (n = 15). Subsequently, the association between depression symptoms and sick leave was examined and several important subgroup analyses were performed. RESULTS Depression symptoms were associated with sick leave, with an overall risk ratio (RR) of 1.52 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.34-1.73]. In men, the result displayed RR 2.19 (95% CI 1.17-4.09) and in women, the result showed RR 1.54 (95% CI 1.35-1.76). Additional subgroup analyses that account for methodological differences across studies based on the method of assessing depression symptoms and sick leave showed that this association was consistent. CONCLUSION Depression symptoms are associated with sick leave. Given that sick leave can have an economic and social burden, more attention to depression symptoms is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Johnson SS, Blacker A, Dion S, Grossmeier J, Hecht R, Markle E, Meyer L, Monley S, Sherman B, VanderHorst N, Wolfe E, Compton MT, Shim RS, Osmick MJ, Wilson M, Jenkins K, Schmidt K, Weigl A. The Art of Health Promotion: linking research to practice. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:206-226. [PMID: 31931604 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119896122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Compton MT, Shim RS. Why Employers Must Focus on the Social Determinants of Mental Health. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:215-219. [PMID: 31931601 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119896122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Compton
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth S Shim
- Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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