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Shi ZA, Yu CX, Wu ZC, Chen CL, Tu FP, Wan Y. The effect of FTY720 at different doses and time-points on LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107972. [PMID: 34298401 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We sought to assess the protective effect of different doses of Fingolimod (FTY720) in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored the underlying mechanisms. The ALI model was established in rats and different doses of FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 2 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally. Lung computed tomography and blood gas analyses were performed at 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h after intraperitoneal injection, and the lung tissues were extracted to prepare paraffin sections for histopathological examination. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were detected by ELISA, and the expressions of inflammatory pathway proteins in each group were measured by Western blot analysis. A single intraperitoneal injection of FTY720 inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation, reduced the level of inflammatory cytokines, and decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, it alleviated lung tissue injury, as shown by marked attenuation of pulmonary oedema and improved arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and the general condition of ALI rats. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the protective effect of FTY720 against LPS-induced ALI. The underlying mechanism of the protective effect may involve inhibition of LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and regulation of the inflammatory pathway to alleviate barrier dysfunction of alveolar capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-An Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | | | - Zhi-Chao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | | | - Fa-Ping Tu
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yong Wan
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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2
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Ueno K, Yanagihara N, Shimizu K, Miyazaki Y. Vaccines and Protective Immune Memory against Cryptococcosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:230-239. [PMID: 32009111 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease caused by fungal pathogens including Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex. These fungal pathogens live in the environment and are associated with certain tree species and bird droppings. This infectious disease is not contagious, and healthy individuals may contract cryptococcal infections by inhaling the airborne pathogens from the environment. Although cleaning a contaminated environment is a feasible approach to control environmental fungal pathogens, prophylactic immunization is also considered a promising method to regulate cryptococcal infections. We review the history of the development of cryptococcal vaccines, vaccine components, and the various forms of immune memory induced by cryptococcal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Ueno
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Nao Yanagihara
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kiminori Shimizu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yoshitsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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Chen W, Chen W, Chen S, Uosef A, Ghobrial RM, Kloc M. Fingolimod (FTY720) prevents chronic rejection of rodent cardiac allografts through inhibition of the RhoA pathway. Transpl Immunol 2020; 65:101347. [PMID: 33131698 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya) is clinically approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Its therapeutic effect on MS is based on the ability to bind sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors and block the exit of immune cells from the lymphoid organs, thus preventing immune cell-dependent injury to the central nervous system (CNS). We showed recently that, besides the S1P-related activity, the FTY720 also down-regulates RhoA, which is a master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Our previous studies showed that FTY720 also down-regulates Rictor, which is a signature molecule of mTORC2 complex, which regulates RhoA and dictates actin cytoskeleton specificity. Because, our previous studies showed that chronic rejection correlates with the upregulation of RhoA and mTORC2 components and that the inhibition of RhoA pathway prevents chronic rejection, here we studied the effect of FTY720 on the chronic rejection of rat and mouse cardiac allografts. We show that FTY720 in conjunction with the inhibitors of early T cell response, (CTA4-Ig in mice and Everolimus in rats) blocks macrophage infiltration into the grafts and prevents chronic rejection of rat and mouse cardiac transplants. This indicates that FTY720 may be repurposed from the MS application to the clinical transplantation as an anti-chronic rejection drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Song Chen
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Houston, TX, USA.
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Uosef A, Vaughn N, Chu X, Elshawwaf M, Abdelshafy AAA, Elsaid KMK, Ghobrial RM, Kloc M. Siponimod (Mayzent) Downregulates RhoA and Cell Surface Expression of the S1P1 and CX3CR1 Receptors in Mouse RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:19. [PMID: 32488676 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Siponimod (Mayzent) is a newly developed drug, similar to Fingolimod (FTY720) but with fewer side effects, approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The therapeutic effect of siponimod and FTY720 in MS relies on their inhibitory effect on the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling. These drugs bind to the S1P receptors and block the CCL2 chemokine pathway that is responsible for the exit of the immune cells from the lymphoid organs, and circulation, thus preventing immune cell-dependent injury to the nervous system. We recently found that FTY720 beside its effect on the S1P pathway also blocks the RhoA pathway, which is involved in the actin cytoskeleton-related function of macrophages, such as expression/recycling of fractalkine (CX3CL1) receptors (CX3CR1), which direct macrophages to the transplanted organs during the development of the long-term (chronic) rejection. Here we tested the effects of siponimod on the RhoA pathway and the expression of the S1P1 and CX3CR1 receptors in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that siponimod downregulates the expression of RhoA protein and decreases the cell surface expression of S1P1 and CX3CR1 receptors. This newly discovered crosstalk between S1P and RhoA/CX3CR1 pathways may help in the development of novel anti-chronic rejection therapies in clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Uosef
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicole Vaughn
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiufeng Chu
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elshawwaf
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Abbas Abdelshafy
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamal Mamdoh Kamal Elsaid
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Methods for Testing Immunological Factors. DRUG DISCOVERY AND EVALUATION: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSAYS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122208 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions can be elicited by various factors: either immunologically induced, i.e., allergic reactions to natural or synthetic compounds mediated by IgE, or non-immunologically induced, i.e., activation of mediator release from cells through direct contact, without the induction of, or the mediation through immune responses. Mediators responsible for hypersensitivity reactions are released from mast cells. An important preformed mediator of allergic reactions found in these cells is histamine. Specific allergens or the calcium ionophore 48/80 induce release of histamine from mast cells. The histamine concentration can be determined with the o-phthalaldehyde reaction.
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Shaikh RS, Schilson SS, Wagner S, Hermann S, Keul P, Levkau B, Schäfers M, Haufe G. Synthesis and evaluation of fluorinated fingolimod (FTY720) analogues for sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor molecular imaging by positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3471-84. [PMID: 25826109 DOI: 10.1021/jm502021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid that evokes a variety of biological responses via stimulation of a set of cognate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): S1P1-S1P5. S1P and its receptors (S1PRs) play important roles in the immune, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems and have also been implicated in carcinogenesis. Recently, the S1P analogue Fingolimod (FTY720) has been approved for the treatment of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. This work presents the synthesis of various fluorinated structural analogues of FTY720, their in vitro and in vivo biological testing, and their development and application as [(18)F]radiotracers for the study of S1PR biodistribution and imaging in mice using small-animal positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan S Shaikh
- †Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,‡NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie S Schilson
- †Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- §Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Petra Keul
- #Institute of Pathophysiology, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- #Institute of Pathophysiology, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- §Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- †Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Wiese MD, Suppiah V, O'Doherty C. Metabolic and safety issues for multiple sclerosis pharmacotherapy--opportunities for personalised medicine. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1145-59. [PMID: 24910969 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.925880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of disease-modifying therapies have become available to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) in recent years. As the effects of these medications are unpredictable and they are generally used for a number of years, the selection of the most appropriate disease-modifying agent must be based on the long-term efficacy and toxicity profile, thus strategies to personalise treatment to optimise responses may be potentially very useful. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the efficacy and toxicity of disease-modifying agents used in MS and specifically discusses any metabolic side effects and advances in personalising the use of each of these agents. Medline and EMBASE were searched for any articles regarding the efficacy, toxicity and personalised use of the medicines discussed in this review. EXPERT OPINION Disease-modifying agents used to treat MS differ substantially in their efficacy and toxicity profile, but metabolic side effects appear to be limited to alemtuzumab, teriflunomide and IFN-β. Although personalised treatment strategies to assist in selection of the most appropriate disease-modifying agent for MS are limited, there is substantial potential to use genetic sub-studies of the many recent trials investigating disease-modifying agents to develop personalised treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wiese
- University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001 , Australia +618 8302 2312 ; +618 8302 1010 ;
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Yin XD, Jia PJ, Pang Y, He JH. Protective effect of FTY720 on several markers of liver injury induced by concanavalin a in mice. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 73:140-9. [PMID: 24653516 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl] propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride (FTY720) is a novel agent with protective effect on several markers of liver injury. It is a chemical substance derived by modifying myriocin from the ascomycete Isaria sinclairii. It has been reported that FTY720 is able to treat autoimmune encephalomyelitis, renal cancer, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. More potent clinical applications of FTY720 need to be investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of FTY720 on several markers of experimental liver injury and to investigate the possible mechanism of action. METHODS Concanavalin A (Con A) at a dose of 15 mg/kg was intravenously. injected in mice, and 10 days before the Con A challenge, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 6 mg/kg of FTY720 were administered to mice. The liver injury was monitored biochemically by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. TNF-α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in liver tissue were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS FTY720, when administered intragastrically for 10 days in mice with Con A-induced liver injury, dose-dependently reduced serum ALT and AST and TNF-α levels. The differences were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). It was also found that FTY720 decreases TNF-α and NF-κB protein expression in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS FTY720 is able to improve several markers of Con A-induced liver injury in mice, including serum ALT, serum AST, TNF-α, and NF-κB, which might be at least in part related to its ability to reduce TNF-α/NF-κB cascade activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yin
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei-Jie Jia
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Pang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Hua He
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Izaki S, Narukawa S, Kubota A, Mitsui T, Fukaura H, Nomura K. [A case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder developing a fulminant course with multiple white-matter lesions following fingolimod treatment]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2014; 53:513-7. [PMID: 23892961 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.53.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 49-year-old female neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patient with positive anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody was treated with fingolimod (FTY720). Ten days later, she developed acute disturbance of consciousness, aphasia, right hemi-spatial neglect, and right hemiparesis. Brain MRI showed multiple white-matter lesions with slight Gadolinium enhancement. She was diagnosed of acute exacerbation of NMOSD. Thus, fingolimod may be associated with the development of a fulminant course in NMOSD patients with positive anti-AQP4 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Izaki
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center
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Xu H, Zhang H, Luan L, Xu Y, Li C, Wang Y, Han F, Yang T, Ren F, Xiang JN, Elliott JD, Zhao Y, Guo TB, Lu H, Zhang W, Hirst D, Lindon M, Lin X. Discovery of thiadiazole amides as potent, S1P₃-sparing agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 (S1P₁) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2456-9. [PMID: 22386243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening of GSK compound collection led to the discovery of a novel series of thiadiazole amides as potent and S1P(3)-sparing sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 (S1P(1)) receptor agonists. Synthesis, structure and activity relationship, selectivity, and some developability properties are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, R&D China, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201023, China
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